:  o 


:  33 
;  rn 
I  O 

:  o 
'■  2 

r  3> 


1!^#^ 


^iVJ^l 


Form  L-9-5m-7,'22 


F 


THE  FOEMS  OF 


CHARLES    CHURCHILL 


IN  THKEE  VOLUMES. 


VOLUME  III. 


THE 


POETICAL  WORKS 


OF 


CHARLES  CHURCHILL. 

WITH    COPIOUS   NOTES 

AND   A  LIFE   OF   THE   AUTHOR, 
BY    W.    TOOKE,    F.R.S. 

IN    THREE    VOLUMES. 
VOLUME    III. 


BOSTON: 
LITTLE,     BROWN     AND     COMPANY. 

NEW  YORK:   EVANS  AND  DICKEESON. 

fhiladelphia:  lippincott,  grambo  and  CO. 
M.DCCC.LIV. 


28^24 


, 


RIVERSIDE,      CAMBRIDGE: 
PRINTED   BY   H.   O.  HOUGHTON   AND  COMPANY. 


STEKEOTYPEn   EY  STONE  AXD  SMART. 


PR 


CONTENTS. 

VOL.  III. 

Page 
The  Ghost,  Book  IV 1 

The  Candidate 123 

The  Farewell 188 

The  Times 212 

Independence 256 

The  Journey 292 

Fk^vgment  of  a  Dedication 312 

Lines  written  in  Windsor  Park 327 

Index 329 


THE    GHOST. 
BOOK  IV. 

This  fourth  book  of  the  Ghost,  is  at  once  the  most  careless  as 
it  is  the  longest  of  Churchill's  compositions.  It  is  also  the 
most  obscure  and  indistinct  in  its  allusions,  the  minute  eluci- 
dation of  which  would  not  repay  the  labour  either  of  the  in- 
vestigation or  of  perasal  when  the  information  should  have 
been  obtained. 

The  principal  characters  are  the  civic  authorities  of  London, 
and  who  ever  cared,  or  now  cares  beyond  the  one  year  of 
office  for  the  entke  staff  from  my  Lord  Mayor  downwards  to 
Jlr.  Common  Hunt ;  their  dignity  is  as  evanescent  as  the  wit 
which  each  successive  Mayor  facetiously  inflicts  upon  the 
wretched  prisoners  in  the  justice  room,  eliciting  the  ready  and 
obedient  laughter  of  the  attendant  officers  and  clerks,  and 
duly  recorded,  par  parenthese,  in  the  report  of  the  interesting 
proceeding  of  the  removal  of  a  pauper,  or  the  conviction  of  a 
cab-man. 

The  coronation  of  George  III.  forming  a  prominent  feature 
of  the  poem,  and  several  of  the  incidents  which  really  then 
occurred,  being  repeatedly  adverted  to  in  it,  we  have,  to  save 
the  trouble  of  particular  obsen'ations,  subjoined  an  account 
of  tlie  ceremonial,  as  it  appeared  in  the  periodicals  of  the  day 
in  the  form  of  a  letter,  which  is  so  amusingly  graphic  as  at  the 
time  to  have  been  considered,  as  it  purports  to  be,  the  genu- 
ine epistle  of  a  spectator  to  his  country  friends,  bearing  no 
slight  resemblance  to  De  Foe's  familiar  style,  particularly  in 
his  account  of  the  Plague. 

LETTER  FK03I   SIR.   J.^ilES  HEMIXG  TO   A   FRIEND   IX  THE 
COUXTRT. 

Sir, 

As  the  friendship  of  Mr.  EoUes,  who  had  procured  me  a 
pass  ticket,  enabled  me  to  be  present  both  in  the  hall  and  in 
the  abbey;  and  as  I  had  a  fine  view  of  the  procession  out  of 
VOL.    III.  1 


Z  THE    GUOST. 

doors,  from  a  onc-pair-of-stairs  room,  which  your  neighbour 
Sir  Edward  luid  hired  at  tlie  small  price  of  one  hundred 
guineas,  on  purpose  to  oblige  his  acquaintance,  I  will  en- 
deavour to  give  you  as  minute  an  account  as  I  can  of  all  the 
particulars  omitted  in  the  public  papers.  First  then,  conceive 
to  yourself  the  fronts  of  the  houses  in  all  the  streets,  that 
could  command  the  least  point  of  view,  lined  witli  scaffolding, 
like  so  many  galleries  or  boxes,  raised  one  above  auotlier  to 
the  very  roofs.  These  were  covered  with  carpets  and  cloths 
of  different  colours,  which  presented  a  pleasant  variety  to  the 
eye ;  and  if  you  consider  the  brilliant  appearance  of  the  spec- 
tators who  were  seated  in  them  (many  being  richly  drest) 
you  will  easily  imagine  that  it  was  no  indifferent  part  of  the 
show.  The  mob  underneath  made  a  pretty  contrast  to  the 
rest  of  the  company.  Add  to  this,  tliat  thougli  we  liad  nothing 
but  wet  and  cloudy  weather  for  some  time  before,  the  day 
cleared  up,  and  the  sun  shone  auspiciously,  as  if  it  were  in 
compliment  to  the  gi-and  festival.  Had  it  rained,  half  the 
spectators  were  so  exalted,  that  they  could  not  have  seen  the 
ceremony,  as  a  temporary  roof  put  over  the  platform,  on  ac- 
count of  the  uncertainty  of  the  weather,  was  exceeding  low. 
This  roof  was  covered  with  a  kind  of  sail-cloth ;  which,  on 
orders  being  given  to  roll  it  up,  an  honest  Jack  Tar  climbed 
up  to  the  top,  and  stripped  it  off  in  a  minute  or  two;  whereas 
the  persons  appointed  for  that  service  might  have  been  an 
hour  about  it.  This  gave  lis  not  only  a  more  extensive  view, 
but  let  the  light  in  upon  every  part  of  the  procession.  I 
should  tell  you,  that  a  rank  of  foot  soldiers  were  placed  on 
each  side  within  the  platfonn;  which  was  an  encroachment 
on  the  spectators ;  for  at  the  last  coronation  I  am  informed 
they  stood  below  it ;  and  it  was  not  a  little  sui-prising  to  see 
the  officers  familiarly  conversing  and  walking  arm  in  arm  with 
many  of  them,  till  we  were  let  into  the  secret,  that  they  Avere 
gentlemen  who  had  put  on  the  dresses  of  common  soldiers, 
for  what  purpose  I  need  not  mention.  On  the  outside  were 
stationed,  at  proper  distances,  several  parties  of  horseguards, 
whose  horses  somewhat  incommoded  the  people,  that  pressed 
incessantly  upon  them,  by  their  prancing  and  capering; 
though  luckilv  I  do  not  hear  of  an  v  s;reat  mischief  beins  done. 


THE    GHOST.  d 

I  must  confess,  it  gave  me  pain  to  see  the  soldiers,  both  horse 
and  foot,  obliged  most  unmercifully  to  belabour  the  heads 
of  the  mob  with  their  broad-swords,  bayonets,  and  muskets; 
but  it  was  not  unpleasant  to  observe  several  tipping  the  horse- 
soldiers  slily  from  time  to  time,  some  with  half-pence,  and 
some  with  silver,  as  they  could  muster  up  the  cash,  to  let 
them  pass  between  the  horses  to  get  near  the  platform ;  after 
which  these  unconscionable  gentry  drove  them  back .  again. 
As  soon  as  it  was  daybreak  (for  I  chose  to  go  to  my  place 
over-night),  we  were  diverted  Avith  seeing  the  coaches  and 
chairs  of  the  nobility  and  gentry  passmg  along  with  much 
ado ;  and  several  persons,  very  richly  drest,  were  obliged  to 
quit  their  equipages,  and  be  escorted  by  the  soldiers,  through 
the  mob  to  their  respective  places.  Several  carriages,  I  am 
told,  received  great  damage. 

My  pass-ticket  would  have  been  of  no  service,  if  I  had  not 
prevailed  on  one  of  the  guards,  by  the  iiTCsistible  argument 
of  half  a  crown,  to  make  way  for  me  through  the  mob  to  the 
hall-gate,  where  I  got  admittance  just  as  their  majesties  were 
seated  at  the  upper  end,  under  magnificent  canopies. 

There  seemed  to  be  no  small  confusion  in  marshalling  the 
ranks,  which  is  not  to  be  wondered  at,  considering  the  length 
of  the  cavalcade,  and  the  numbers  that  were  to  walk.  At 
length,  however,  everything  was  regularly  adjusted,  and  the 
procession  began  to  quit  the  hall  between  eleven  and  twelve. 
The  platform  leading  to  the  west  door  of  the  abbey  was 
covered  with  blue  cloth  for  the  train  to  walk  on ;  but  there 
seemed  to  be  a  defect  in  not  covering  the  upright  posts  that 
supported  the  awning,  as  it  is  called,  which  looked  mean  and 
naked,  with  that  or  some  other  coloured  cloth.  The  nobility 
walked  two  by  two.  Being  willing  to  see  the  procession 
pass  along  the  platform  through  the  streets,  I  hastened  from 
the  hall,  and  by  the  assistance  of  a  soldier,  made  my  way  to 
mj'  former  station  at  the  comer  of  Bridge-street,  where  the 
windows  commanded  a  double  view  at  the  turning.  I  shall 
not  attempt  to  describe  the  splendour  and  magnificence  of  the 
whole ;  and  words  must  fall  short  of  that  joy  and  satisftiction 
which  the  spectators  felt  and  expressed,  especially  as  their 
majesties  passed  by:  on  whose  countenances  a  dignity  suited 


4  TUE    GUOST. 

to  tbeir  station,  tempered  with  the  most  amiable  com- 
placency, was  sensibly  impressed.  It  was  observable,  that 
as  their  majesties  and  the  nobility  passed  the  corner  which 
commanded  a  prospect  of  Westminster-bridge,  they  stopped 
shoit,  and  tnrncd  back  to  look  at  the  people,  wliosc  appear- 
ance, as  thoj-  all  had  their  hats  off,  and  were  thick  planted 
on  tlie  oromul,  which  rose  gradually,  I  can  compare  to  no- 
thmg  but  a  pavement  of  heads  and  faces. 

I  had  the  misfortune  not  to  be  able  to  get  to  the  abbey 
time  enough  to  see  all  that  passed  there ;  nor,  indeed,  when 
I  got  in,  could  I  have  so  distinct  a  view  as  I  could  have 
wished.  But  our  friend  Harry  Whittaker  had  the  luck  to  be 
stationed  in  the  first  row  of  the  gallery  behind  the  seats 
allotted  for  the  nobility,  close  to  the  square  platform,  winch 
was  erected  by  the  altar,  with  an  ascent  of  three  steps,  for 
their  majesties  to  be  crowned  on.  You  are  obliged  to  him, 
therefore,  for  several  paiiiculars,  which  I  could  not  otherwise 
have  infoiTned  you  of.  The  sermon,  he  tells  me,  lasted  only 
fifteen  minutes.  The  king  was  anointed  on  the  crown  of  his 
head,  his  breast,  and  the  palms  of  his  hands.  At  the  very 
instant  the  crown  was  placed  on  the  king's  head,  a  fellow, 
having  been  placed  on  the  top  of  the  abbey  dome,  from 
whence  he  could  look  down  into  the  chancel,  with  a  flag  in 
his  hand  dropped  it  as  a  signal,  the  Park  and  ToAvcr  guns 
then  began  to  fire,  the  trumpets  sounded,  and  the  abbey 
echoed  with  the  repeated  shouts  and  acclamations  of  the 
people;  which,  on  account  of  the  awful  silence  that  had 
hitherto  reigned,  had  a  very  striking  effect.  As  there  were 
no  commoners  knights  of  the  garter,  instead  of  caps  and 
vestments  peculiar  to  their  order,  they,  being  all  peers,  wore 
the  robes  and  coronets  of  their  respective  ranks.  When  the 
queen  had  received  the  sceptre  with  the  cross,  and  the  ivory 
rod  with  the  dove,  her  majesty  was  conducted  to  a  magnificent 
throne  on  the  left  hand  of  his  majesty. 

I  cannot  but  lament  that  I  was  not  near  enough  to  observe 
their  majesties  performing  the  most  serious  and  solemn  acts 
of  devotion ;  but  I  am  told  that  the  reverend  attention  which 
both  paid,  when  (after  having  made  their  second  oblations) 
the  next  ceremony  was  their  receiving  the  holy  communion, 


THE    GHOST.  O- 

brought  to  tlie  mind  of  every  one  near  them,  a  proper  recol- 
lection of  the  consecrated  place  in  which  they  were. 

An  hour  lost  in  the  morning  is  not  so  easily  recovered. 
This  was  the  case  in  the  present  instance ;  for,  to  whatever 
causes  it  might  be  owing,  the  procession  most  assuredly  set 
off  too  late :  besides,  according  to  what  Harry  observed,  there 
were  such  long  pauses  between  some  of  the  ceremonies  in 
the  abbey  as  plainly  shewed  all  the  actors  were  not.pei'fect  in 
their  parts.  However  it  be,  it  is  impossible  to  conceive  the 
chagrin  and  disappointment  which  the  late  retuia  of  the  pro- 
cession occasioned ;  it  being  so  late,  indeed,  that  the  spectators 
even  in  the  open  air,  had  but  a  very  dim  and  gloomy  view 
of  it,  while  to  those  who  had  sat  patiently  in  Westminster- 
hall,  waiting  its  return  for  six  hours,  scarce  a  glimpse  of  it 
appeared,  as  the  branches  were  not  lighted  till  just  upon  his 
majesty's  entrance.  I  had  flattered  myself  that  a  new  scene 
of  splendid  grandeur  would  have  beeu  presented  to  lis  in  the 
return  of  the  procession,  from  the  reflection  of  the  lights,  &c., 
and  had,  therefore,  posted  back  to  the  hall  with  all  possible 
expedition ;  but  I  was  greatly  disappointed.  The  whole  was 
confusion,  irregularity,  and  disorder. 

However,  we  were  afterwards  amply  recompensed  for  this 
partial  eclipse,  by  the  bright  picture  which  the  lighting  of  the 
chandeliers  presented  to  us.  Conceive  to  yourself,  if  you  can 
conceive  what  I  own  I  am  at  a  loss  to  describe,  so  magnificent 
a  building  as  that  of  Westminster-hall,  lighted  up  with  near 
three  thousand  wax  candles  in  most  splendid  branches,  our 
crowned  heads,  and  almost  the  whole  nobilitj-,  with  the  prime 
of  our  gentry,  most  superbly  arrayed,  and  adorned  with  a 
profusion  of  the  most  brilliant  jewels,  the  galleries  on  every 
side  crowded  with  company,  for  the  most  part  elegantly  and 

richly  dressed; but  to  conceive  it  in  all  its  lustre,  I  am 

conscious  that  it  is  absolutely  necessary  to  have  been  present. 

To  proceed  with  my  narration. Their  majesties'  table  was 

sers-ed  with  three  courses,  at  the  first  of  which  Earl  Talbot, 
as  steward  of  his  majesty's  household,  rode  up  from  the  hall 
gate  to  the  steps  leading  to  where  their  majesties  sat,  and  on 
his  returning,  the  spectators  were  presented  with  an  un- 
expected sight  in  his  lordship's  backing  his  horse,  that  he 


b  TlIK    GHOST. 

might  keep  his  face  still  towards  the  king.  A  loud  clapping 
and  huzzaing  consequently  ensued. 

After  the  first  course,  and  before  the  second,  the  king's 
champion,  Mr.  Dymoke,  who  enjoys  that  office,  as  being  lord 
of  the  manor  of  Scrivelsby,  in  Lincolnshire,  entered  the  hall, 
completely  armed  in  one  of  his  majesty's  best  suits  of  white 
armour,  mounted  on  a  fine  white  horse,  the  same  his  late 
majesty  wore  at  the  battle  of  Dettingeu,  richly  caparisoned, 
in  the  following  manner : 

Two  trumpets,  with  the  champion's  arms  on  their  banners; 
the  serjeant-trumpet,  with  his  mace  on  his  shoulder;  the 
champion's  two  esquires,  richly  habited,  one  on  the  right 
hand  with  the  champion's  lance,  carried  upright;  the  other 
on  the  left  hand,  with  his  target,  and  the  champion's  arms 
depicted  thereon;  accompanied  the  herald  of  arms,  witli  a 
paper  in  his  hand,  containing  the  words  of  the  challenge. 

The  earl  marshal,  in  his  robes  and  coronet,  on  horseback, 
with  the  marshal's  staff  in  his  hand;  the  champion  on  horse- 
back, with  a  gauntlet  in  his  right  hand,  his  helmet  on  liis  liead, 
adorned  with  a  gi-eat  plume  of  feathers,  white,  blue,  and  red ; 
the  lord  higli  constable,  in  his  robes  and  coronet,  and  collar 
of  the  order,  on  horseback,  with  the  constable's  staff.  Four 
pages  richly  apparelled,  attendant  on  the  champion. 

The  passage  to  their  majesties'  table  being  cleared  by  the 
knight  marshal,  the  herald  at  arms,  with  a  loud  voice  pro- 
claimed the  cham.pion's  challenge,  at  the  lower  end  of  the 
hall,  in  the  words  following: 

"  If  any  person,  of  what  degree  soever,  high  or  low,  shall 
deny  or  gainsay,  our  Sovereign  Lord  King  George  IIL,  King 
of  Great  Britain,  France  and  Ireland,  defender  of  the  faith,  &c., 
grandson  and  next  heir  to  our  sovereign  lord  King  George  II., 
the  last  king  deceased,  to  be  tlie  right  heir  to  the  imperial 
crown  of  the  realm  of  Great  Britain,  or  that  he  ought  not  to 
enjoy  the  same ;  here  is  his  champion,  who  saith  that  he  lieth, 
and  is  a  false  traitor,  being  ready  in  person  to  combat  with 
him ;  and  in  this  quaiTel  will  adventure  his  life  against  him, 
on  what  day  soever  shall  be  appointed." 

And  then  the  champion  throws  down  his  gauntlet;  which. 


THE    GHOST.  7 

having  lain  some  small  time,  the  herald  took  up  and  returned 
it  to  the  champion.* 

Then  they  advanced  in  the  same  order  to  the  middle  of 
the  hall,  where  the  herald  made  proclamation  as  before ;  and 
lastly,  to  the  foot  of  the  steps,  when  the  herald,  and  those 
who  preceded  him,  going  to  the  top  of  the  steps,  made  pro- 
clamation a  third  time,  at  the  end  whereof  the  champion  cast 
down  his  gauntlet ;  which,  after  some  time,  being  taken  up, 
and  returned  to  him  by  the  herald,  he  made  a  low  obeisance 
to  his  majesty ;  whereupon  the  cupbearer,  assisted  as  before, 
brought  to  the  king  a  gilt  bowl  of  wine,  with  a  cover;  his 
majesty  drank  to  the  champion,  and  sent  him  the  bowl  by 
the  cupbearer,  accompanied  with  his  assistants ;  Avhich  the 
champion  (having  put  on  his  gauntlet)  received,  and  retiring 
a  little,  drank  thereof,  and  made  his  humble  reverence  to  his 
majesty;  and  being  accompanied  as  before,  rode  out  of  the 
hall,  taking  the  bowl  and  cover  with  him  as  his  fee. 

You  cannot  expect  that  I  should  give  you  a  bill  of  fare, 
or  enumerate  the  dishes  that  were  provided  and  sent  from  the 
adjacent  temporary  kitchens,  erected  In  Cotton  Garden  for 
this  purjiose.  No  less  than  sixty  haunches  of  venison,  with 
a  surprising  quantity  of  all  sorts  of  game,  were  laid  in  for  this 
grand  feast.  The  King's  table  was  covered  with  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty  dishes,  at  three  several  times,  served  up  by 
his  majesty's  band  of  pensioners;  but  what  chiefly  attracted 
our  eyes,  was  their  majesties'  desert,  in  which  the  confectioner 
had  lavished  all  his  ingenuity  in  rock  work  and  emblematical 
figures.    The  other  deserts  were  no  less  admirable  for  their 

*  The  origin  of  this  custom  is  not  known,  but  Rapin  ap- 
pears certain  that  it  is  more  ancient  than  the  coronation  of 
Richard  II.  because  Sir  John  Dyraoke,  who  then  performed 
that  office,  was  admitted  so  to  do  by  virtue  of  a  privilege 
attached  to  his  manor  of  Scrivelsby  in  Lincolnshire. 

Sir  Henry  Dymoke,  the  present  representative  of  the  family, 
was  created  a  baronet,  on  occasion  of  his  having  acted  as 
champion  at  her  present  majesty's  coronation,  being  the 
seventeenth  of  his  family,  who,  in  hereditary  descent,  had  so 
done. 


8  TIIK    GHOST. 

expressive  devices.  But  I  must  not  forget  to  tell  you,  that 
when  the  compiuiy  came  to  be  seated,  the  i)Oor  knights  of 
the  Bath  had  been  overlooked,  and  not  able  provided  for 
them.  An  airy  apology,  liowever,  was  serv'cd  up  to  them 
instead  of  a  substantial  diimer:  but  the  two  junior  knights, 
in  order  to  preserve  the  rank  of  precedency  to  their  succes- 
sors, were  placed  at  the  head  of  the  judges'  table,  above  all 
the  learned  brethren  of  the  coif.  The  peers  were  placed  on 
the  outermost  side  of  the  tables,  and  the  peeresses  within 
nearest  the  walls.  You  cannot  suppose  that  there  was  the 
greatest  order  imaginable  observed  during  the  dinner,  but 
must  conclude,  that  some  of  the  company  were  as  eager  and 
impatient  to  satisfy  the  craving  of  their  appetites,  as  any  of 
your  country  squires  at  a  race  or  assize  ordinary. 

It  was  pleasant  to  see  the  various  stratagems  made  use  of 
by  the  company  in  the  galleries  to  come  in  for  a  snack  of  the 
good  things  below.  The  ladies  clubbed  their  handkerchiefs 
to  be  tied  together  to  draw  iip  a  chicken,  or  bottle  of  wine. 
Some  had  been  so  provident  as  to  bring  baskets  with  them, 
which  were  let  down,  like  the  prisoners'  boxes  at  Ludgate  or 
the  Gate  House,  with  a  Pray  remember  the  poor. 

You  will  think  it  high  time,  that  I  should  bring  this  long 
letter  to  a  conclusion.  Let  it  suffice  then  to  acquaint  you. 
that  their  majesties  returned  to  St.  James's  a  little  after  ten 
o'clock  at  night.  After  the  nobility  were  departed,  the  hall 
doors  were  thrown  open,  according  to  custom,  when  the 
people  immediately  cleared  it  of  all  the  movables,  such  as 
the  victuals,  cloths,  plates,  dishes,  &c.,  and,  in  short,  every 
thing  that  could  stick  to  their  fingers. 

I  need  not  tell  you,  that  several  coronation  medals,  in 
silver,  were  thrown  among  the  populace  at  the  return  of  the 
procession.  Some  of  gold  v.'ere  also  thrown  among  the  peer- 
esses in  the  abbey,  just  after  the  king  was  crowned;  but  they 
thought  it  below  their  dignity  to  stoop  to  pick  them  up. 

I  should  not  forget  telling  you  that  I  am  well  assured  the 
king's  crown  weighs  almost  three  pounds  and  a  half,  and  that 
the  great  diamond  in  it  fell  out  in  returning  to  Westminster 
Hall,  but  was  immediatel}'  found  and  restored. 

I  shall  say  nothing  of  the  illuminations  at  night;  the  news- 


TUE    GHOST.  9 

papers  must  have  told  you  of  them,  and  that  the  admiraltj', 
iu  particular,  was  remarkably  lighted  up.  I  am,  dear  Sir, 
yours,  most  heartily, 

James  Heming. 

P.  S.  The  Princess  dowager  of  Wales,  with  the  younger 
branches  of  the  royal  family,  had  a  box  to  see  the  coronation 
in  the  abbey,  and  afterwards  dined  in  an  apartment  by  them- 
selves, adjoining  the  hall. 

There  have  been  three  coronations  since  the  first  edition 
of  this  work. 

That  of  George  the  Fourth,  on  the  10th  day  of  May,  1821, 
conducted  with  all  the  splendour  which  attached  to  his  re- 
fined taste  and  habits  of  expense,  but  over  which  a  thick 
gloom  was  cast  by  the  absence  of  his  ill-fated  cousin-queen, 
and  her  endeavours  to  obtain  admission  into  the  abbey,  more 
than  one  door  of  which  was  forcibly  shut  in  her  face,  an 
indignity  under  which  she  sunk,  and  within  a  few  weeks 
died  of  a  broken  heart,  if  even  that  sure  result  was  not 
accelerated  by  her  own  act.  She  might  be  pitied  but  not 
absolved,  while  the  conductof  her  husband  might  be  severely 
censured  without  involving  her  acquittal.  Queen  Caroline 
was  the  victim  of  the  interested  ambition  of  her  advocates, 
and  the  king  was  equally  sacrificed  to  the  inefficiency  and 
imbecility  of  his  official  advisers. 

The  cheap  coronation  on  8th  of  September,  1831,  of  Wil- 
liam the  Fourth,  shorn  of  all  extraneous  splendour,  was  well 
suited  to  the  simplicity  of  his  character  and  to  the  impaired 
resources  of  the  country ;  while  that  of  her  present  Majesty, 
on  the  28th  of  June,  1838,  in  the  gorgeousness  and  expense 
of  the  pageant,  far  exceeded  the  ceremonial  of  George  the 
Fourth,  and,  though  perhaps  in  some  measure  justified  by 
the  sex  and  youth  of  the  sovereign,  appeared  in  too  striking 
contrast  with  a  deficient  revenue  and  an  immense  and  in- 
creasing mass  and  spread  of  pauperism  throughout  the  land. 


THE    GHOST. 

BOOK   IV.» 

Coxcombs,  who  vainly  make  pretence 

To  something  of  exalted  sense 

'Bove  other  men,  and,  gravely  wise, 

Affect  those  pleasures  to  despise, 

Which,  merely  to  the  eye  confined,  s 

Bring  no  improvement  to  the  mind, 

*  This,  like  the  other  three  books  of  the  Ghost,  is  a  rhcapso- 
dical,  poetical,  whimsical  perfonnance,  abounding  with  the 
strongest  flights  of  fancy  and  the  keenest  strokes  of  satire, 
and  treating  of  every  thing  and  nothing.  It  is,  like  its  author, 
an  eccentric  piece  of  genius,  not  to  be  judged  by  the  strict 
rules  of  criticism,  or  to  be  confined  within  the  narrow  bounds 
of  regularity. — St.  Jameses  Chronicle. 

Whether  we  are  to  have  any  more  of  this  Shandy  in  Iludi- 
brastics,  we  cannot  learn  from  the  4th  part,  but  we  think  it 
probable  that  this  is  intended  as  the  conclusion,  if  it  be  proper 
to  talk  of  the  conclusion  of  a  work,  which  has  neither  begin- 
ning, middle,  nor  end,  plan,  purpose,  nor  moral.  Neverthe- 
less, as  in  the  inimitable  work  of  his  brother  Sterne,  there  are 
a  thousand  moral,  witty,  and  excellent  passages  scattered 
through  this  rambling  performance,  every  part  of  which  we 
have  read  with  pleasure  without  being  well  able  to  say  what 
we  were  reading;  such  absolute  command  over  us,  such 
unbounded  power  has  genius !  We  think  it  unnecessary  to 
add  any  specimens  to  those  we  have  formerly  given  from  this 
heterogeneous  production  of  a  sportive,  wild,  and  arbitrary 
fancy. — Monlhli/  Review. 


THE    GHOST.  11 

Rail  at  all  pomp  ;  they  would  not  go 

For  millions  to  a  puppet-show, 

Kor  can  forgive  the  mighty  crime 

Of  countenancing  pantomime  ;  lo 

No,  not  at  Covent  Garden,  where, 

Without  a  head  for  play  or  player, 

Or,  could  a  head  be  found  most  fit, 

Without  one  player  to  second  it. 

They  must,  obeying  Folly's  call,  15 

Thrive  by  mere  shew,  or  not  at  all. 

With  these  grave  fops,  who  (bless  their  brains  !) 
Most  cruel  to  themselves,  take  pains 
For  wretchedness,  and  would  be  thought 
Much  wiser  than  a  wise  man  ought  ■» 

For  bis  own  happiness,  to  be, 
Who  what  they  hear,  and  what  they  see, 
And  what  they  smell,  and  taste,  and  feel. 
Distrust,  till  Reason  sets  her  seal, 

1"  The  predilection  of  Rich,  the  manager  of  Covent  Gar- 
den, for  pantomimes,  and  his  own  excellence  in  the  cha- 
racter of  Harlequin,  have  been  akeady  mentioned.  After 
the  death  of  Eicli,  Mr.  Garrick  produced  the  pantomime  of 
Harlequin's  Invasion,  and  in  the  prologue  to  it  paid  the  fol- 
lowing handsome  compliment  to  his  brother  manager,  while 
he  apologized  for  the  innovation  of  gi^'ing  Harlequin  a 
tongue : 

"But  why  a  speaking  Harlequin?  'tis  wrong, 
The  wits  will  say,  to  give  the  fool  a  tongue. 
When  LuN  appeared  with  matchless  art  and  whim, 
He  gave  the  power  of  speech  to  every  limb ; 
Though  mask'd  and  mute,  conveyed  his  quick  intent, 
And  told  in  frolic  gestures  all  he  meant; 


12  THE    GHOST. 

And,  by  long  trains  of  consequences  ss 

Ensured,  gives  sanction  to  the  senses ; 

Who  would  not,  Heaven  forbid  it !  waste 

One  hour  in  what  the  world  calls  Taste, 

Nor  fondly  deign  to  laugh  or  cry, 

Unless  they  know  some  reason  why.  so 

With  these  grave  fops,  whose  system  seems 

To  give  up  certainty  for  dreams, 

The  eye  of  man  is  understood 

As  for  no  other  purpose  good 

Than  as  a  door,  through  which  of  course,  35 

Their  passage  crowding,  objects  force ; 

A  downright  usher,  to  admit 

New-comers  to  the  court  of  Wit: 

But  now  the  motley  coat  and  sword  of  wood 
Require  a  tongue  to  make  them  understood." 

Pope,  in  his  Dunciad,  had  equally  borne  testimony  to 
Rich's  excellence  in  this  department: 

Yon  stars,  yon  suns,  he  rears  at  pleasure  higher, 
Illumes  their  light  and  sets  their  flames  on  fire, 
Immortal  Rich,  how  calm  he  sits  at  ease 
'Midst  snows  of  paper  and  fierce  hail  of  pease, 
And  proud  his  mistress'  orders  to  perform, 
Rides  in  the  whirlwind  and  directs  the  storm. 

If  the  present  generation  have  not  witnessed  any  Harlequin 
equal  to  Rich,  the  elder  portion  of  it  may  remember  a  clown 
in  Grimaldi,  who  has  not  at  any  time  hitherto  been  equalled, 
nor  can  we  conceive  of  his  being  surpassed.  His  life  by 
Mr.  Dickens  is  an  admirable  piece  of  biography,  fraught  with 
amusing  incident,  but  affording  a  melancholy  picture  of  the 
amount  of  bodily  pain  and  premature  decay  incurred  as  the 
price  of  popular  laughter  and  applause. 


THE    GHOST.  13 

(Good  Gravity  !  forbear  thy  spleen, 

When  I  say  wit,  I  wisdom  mean)  « 

Where,  (such  the  practice  of  the  court, 

Which  legal  precedents  support) 

Not  one  idea  is  allow'd 

To  pass  unquestion'd  in  the  crowd, 

But  ere  it  can  obtain  the  grace  *^ 

Of  holding  in  the  brain  a  place, 

Before  the  chief  in  congregation 

Must  stand  a  strict  examination. 

Not  such  as  those,  who  physic  twirl. 
Full  fraught  with  death,  from  every  curl,  5o 

Who  prove,  Avith  all  becoming  state, 
Their  voice  to  be  the  voice  of  Fate, 
Prepared  with  essence,  drop,  and  pill, 
To  be  another  Ward  or  Hill, 

5i  Joshua  Ward  was  one  of  the  younger  sons  of  an  ancient 
and  respectable  family,  long  settled  at  Gaisborough,  in  York- 
shire. Though  possessed  of  strong  natural  sense,  it  had  not 
been  improved  by  education ;  his  first  outset  in  life  appears 
to  have  been  in  trade,  in  partnership  with  his  brother  William, 
as  dry-salters,  in  Thames  Street.  In  tliis  business,  notwith- 
standing a  dreadful  fire  which  consumed  their  warehouses, 
he  must  have  met  with  considerable  success,  as  in  1717,  we 
find  him  returned  member  for  ]\Iarlborough,  though  by  a  vote 
of  the  house,  dated  May  13, 1718,  he  was  declared  to  be  not 
duly  elected.  There  is  reason  to  believe  he  was  in  some  mea- 
sure connected  in  business  with  his  brother,  John  Ward,  of 
Hackney,  M.  P.  who  having  been  convicted  of  forgery  and  of 
secreting  the  property  of  Sir  John  Blunt,  a  South  Sea  Direct- 
or, was  first  expelled  the  house,  and  in  pursuance  of  a  sen- 
tence of  the  Court  of  King's  Bench  stood  in  the  pillory  on  the 
17th  of  Februaiy,  1727,  alluded  to  by  Pope  in  the  Dunciad, 
"  as  thick  as  eggs  at  Ward  in  pillory,"  and  who  again  in  the 


14  THE    GHOST. 

Before  they  can  obtain  their  ends,  ^^ 

To  sign  death-warrants  for  their  friends, 

And  talents  vast  as  theirs  employ, 

Secicnduin  artem  to  destroy, 

Must  pass  (or  laws  their  rage  restrain) 

Before  the  chiefs  of  Warwick  Lane  :  «" 

Moral  Essaj's  is  classed  with  "  Waters,  Cliartres  and  the 
Devil."  Joshua  Ward  soon  after  fled  from  England,  resided 
some  years  abroad,  and  was  generally  supposed  to  have  em- 
braced the  Roman  Catholic  religion.  While  he  remained  in 
exile,  he  acquired  that  knowledge  of  medicine  and  chemistry, 
which  afterwards  was  the  means  of  raising  him  to  a  state  of 
affluence.  About  the  year  1733,  he  began  to  practise  physic, 
and  had  to  contend  with  all  the  efforts  of  wit,  learning,  ar- 
gument, ridicule,  malice,  and  jealousy,  united  in  every  shape 
that  can  be  suggested,  to  oppose  his  success.  At  length, 
bj'  some  fortunate  cures,  he  triumphed  over  his  opponents, 
and  was  suffered  to  practise  undisturbed.  From  this  time 
his  reputation  was  established,  he  was  exempted  by  an  ex- 
press vote  of  the  House  of  Commons,  from  being  visited  by 
the  censors  of  the  College  of  Physicians;  and  w-as  called 
in  to  the  assistance  of  King  George  the  Second,  whose 
hand  he  cured,  and  received  as  a  reward,  a  commission  for 
his  nephew.  General  Ganscl.  The  king  was  so  highly  satis- 
fied with  his  conduct,  that  he  gave  him  a  suite  of  apart- 
ments at  Whitehall  for  his  residence,  that  he  might  always 
be  near  the  royal  person  in  case  of  need.  Dr.  Ward,  with 
a  degree  of  compassion  and  liberality  rarely  then  met  with 
among  the  regularly  bred  practitioners  who  still  affected  to 
de.spise  him  as  an  empiric,  afforded  advice  and  medicines  to 
the  poor,  at  his  house,  gratis ;  he  was  also  by  no  means  spar- 
ing of  pecuniary  relief,  while  his  charitable  donations  were 
numerous  and  judiciously  applied,  for  under  a  rough  exte- 
rior, he  possessed  much  real  benevolence.  After  a  continued 
series  of  success,  and  the  enjoyment  of  as  great  a  degree  of 
popularity  as  any  physician  had  ever  attained  in  this  coun- 
try, he  died  in  1761,  at  a  very  advanced  age,  and  left  the  se- 


THE    GHOST.  15 

Thrice  liappy  Lane,  where,  unoontroU'd, 

In  power  and  lethargy  grown  old, 

Most  fit  to  take,  in  this  bless'd  land. 

The  reins  which  fell  from  Wyndham's  hand, 

Her  lawful  throne  great  Dullness  rears,  es 

Still  more  herself,  as  more  in  years ; 

Where  she,  (and  who  shall  dare  deny 


cret  of  his  medicines  to  Mr.  Page,  M.  P.  for  Cliichester,  who 
bestowed  tliein  on  two  charitable  institutions,  which  have  de- 
rived considerable  advantage  from  them.  Dr.  Ward  is  known 
in  the  chemical  woi-ld  as  the  inventor  of  an  improved  process 
for  making  sulphureous  acid.  A  masterly  full  length  statue 
of  him,  executed  by  Carlini,  an  Italian  sculptor  patronised  by 
the  Doctor,  is  placed  in  the  great  room  of  the  Society  of  Ai-ts, 
to  whom  it  was  presented  by  the  late  Ralph  Ward,  Esq.,  a 
collateral  descendant. 

60  Warwick  Lane,  Newgate  Street,  was  the  seat  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians,  who,  by  virtue  of  their  charter,  are  em- 
powered to  examine  candidates  for,  and  to  confer  the  privi- 
lege of  practising  in  the  metropolis  and  its  environs.  The  fol- 
lowing descriptive  lines  of  the  building,  occur  in  Garth's 
poem  of  the  Dispensary : 

There  stands  a  dome  majestic  to  the  sight. 
And  sumptuous  arches  bear  its  oval  height ; 
A  golden  globe,  placed  high  with  artful  skill, 
Seems  to  the  distant  sight  a  gilded  pill. 

It  has  now  been  converted  to  a  more  salutary  purpose  by 
becoming  a  part  of  Newgate  market,  and  appropriated  to  the 
sale  of  butcher's  meat.  The  College  is  removed  to  Pall  Mall 
cast,  and  comprises  a  very  extensive  medical  library  and  va- 
rious collections  in  anatomy  and  natural  history.  For  several 
seasons  an  annual  very  agreeable  soir6e  was  held  in  the 
great  room,  and  an  interesting  essay  delivered  by  the  learned 
and  accomplished  President,  Sir  H.  Halford,  Bart. 


16  THE    GHOST. 

Her  right,  when  Reeves  and  Chauncy's  by) 

Calling  to  mind,  in  ancient  time, 

One  Garth,  who  err'd  in  wit  and  rhyme, 

Ordains,  from  henceforth,  to  admit 

None  of  the  rebel  sons  of  "Wit, 

And  makes  it  her  peculiar  care 

That  Schomberg  never  shall  be  there. 


68  Dr.  Eeeves  was  a  physician  of  considerable  practice  in 
the  city. 

68  Dr.  Chauncy,  desccniled  of  a  good  family,  and  possessed 
of  a  competent  estate,  fortunately  for  himself  and  perhaps 
for  the  public,  did  not  seek  practice.  He  was  a  black-letter 
collector,  and  not  over  scrupulous  in  the  means  of  acquiring 
the  objects  of  his  attention;  in  some  instances  he  was  sus- 
pected of  having  secretly  injured  a  valuable  book  in  order  that 
he  might  become  the  purchaser  of  it  at  an  inferior  price.  It 
has  been  said  that  on  being  detected  once  in  some  such  at- 
tempt by  Mr.  Patteson,  the  celebrated  auctioneer,  he  pre- 
vailed upon  him  not  to  divulge  the  transaction,  and  that  a  le- 
gacy he  left  him  was  the  price  of  his  secrecy.  Dr.  Chaixncy 
resembled  Socrates  in  but  one  particular,  and  that  was  an 
unlimited  submission  to  his  wife,  which  the  Doctor  evinced 
in  more  instances  than  are  recorded  of  the  Grecian  philoso- 
pher. A  story  is  told  of  him,  that  at  an  entertainment  given 
to  his  friends,  having  endured  the  usual  torrent  of  repre- 
hension, he  was,  in  the  conclusion  of  it,  reproached  for  his 
professional  incapacity,  and  total  want  of  patients;  upon 
which  Dr.  Keeves  observed,  that  the  whole  company  must 
admit  the  accusation  to  be  imfounded,  as  it  had  been  satis- 
factorily proved  that  with 7Ja<Jence  the  doctor  was  abundantly 
supplied. 

TO  Sir  Samuel  Garth,  a  celebrated  poet  and  physician  who 
flourished  in  the  early  part  of  last  century.  His  benevolent 
design  fur  establishing  a  charitable  foundation  for  supplying 
the  poor  sick  with  medicmes  at  prime  cost,  being  wamly  op- 


THE    GHOST.  17 

Not  such  as  those,  whom  Folly  trains  73 

To  letters,  though  unbless'd  with  brains, 

Who,  destitute  of  power  and  will 

To  learn,  are  kept  to  learning  still ; 

Whose  heads,  when  other  methods  fail. 

Receive  instruction  from  the  tail,  so 

Because  their  sires,  a  common  case 

posed  by  the  apothecaries  and  some  of  the  college,  gave  rise 
to  that  admirable  satire  the  Dispensary.  His  other  original 
poems,  particularly  Claremont,  are  above  mediocrity,  and  his 
translations  of  Ovid,  the  classic  he  most  admired,  are  spu-ited 
and  faithful.  By  his  exertions  the  rites  of  sepulture  were 
bestowed  on  Dryden,  to  whom,  in  politics,  he  fonned  a  com- 
plete contrast.  Dr.  Garth  was  a  stanch  whig,  and  attached 
himself  to  the  great  Duke  of  Marlborough,  whom  he  accom- 
panied in  his  voluntary  exile  to  Ostend,  in  the  latter  years  of 
Queen  Anne,  when  the  Toiies  had  obtained  a  complete  as- 
cendency. On  the  accession  of  King  George  he  was  ap- 
pointed his  majesty's  physician,  and  knighted  with  the  Duke 
of  Marlborough's  sword.  His  practice  in  his  profession  was 
very  extensive,  and  his  amiable  disposition,  inflexible  integ- 
ritj',  and  manly  independence,  obtained  for  him  the  esteem 
of  all  parties  among  his  contemporaries.  He  is  said  to  have 
possessed  a  happy  talent  at  repartee,  and  as  a  specimen  we 
are  told  that  having  once  prescribed  for  the  Duke  of  Jlarl- 
borough,  the  Duchess,  in  her  rough  manner,  observed,  "  she 
would  be  hanged  if  it  did  the  Duke  any  good;"  upon  which 
the  Doctor  immediately  replied,  "  then  I  would  by  all  means 
recommend  his  Grace  to  take  it,  as  it  cannot  fail  to  be  of  service 
to  him  one  way  or  another."  Garth  died  18th  January,  1718. 
Being  a  Whig,  he  is  very  slightingly  dealt  with  by  Dr.  Johnson, 
■^■i  Dr.  Isaac  Schomberg,  an  eminent  and  learned  physician, 
the  friend  of  Garrick,  who  in  his  dying  moments  recognized 
his  services,  and  aftectionately  hailed  him  "  as  last  not  least 
in  our  dear  love."  Schomberg  survived  but  a  short  time, 
dying  on  the  4th  of  March,  1780. 
VOL.   III.  2 


90 


18  THE    GHOST. 

"Which  brings  the  children  to  disgrabe, 

Imagine  it  a  certain  rule 

They  never  could  beget  a  fool, 

Must  pass,  or  must  compound  for,  ere  ss 

The  chaplain,  full  of  beef  and  prayer, 

Will  give  his  reverend  permit,  • 

Announcing  them  for  orders  fit ; 

So  that  the  prelate  (what's  a  name  ? 

All  prelates  now  are  much  the  same) 

May,  with  a  conscience  safe  and  quiet, 

With  holy  hands  lay  on  that  Fiat 

Which  doth  all  faculties  dispense, 

All  sanctity,  all  faith,  all  sense. 

Makes  Madan  quite  a  saint  appear,  k 

And  makes  an  oracle  of  Cheere. 

Not  such  as  in  that  solemn  seat, 
Where  the  Nine  Ladies  hold  retreat, 

95  Martin  Madan,  a  celebrated  English  preacher,  many 
years  chaplain  to  the  Lock  Hospital.  He  was  severely  cen- 
sured for  publishing  a  book,  entitled  "  Thelypthora,  or  a 
Treatise  on  Female  Euin,"  3  vols,  whei-ein  he  maintained 
the  lawfulness  of  polj-gamy  as  authorized  by  the  Mosaic  law, 
and  therefore  obligatory  on  Christians.  This  work  gave  rise 
to  a  score  of  answers  to  which  he  was  not  slow  to  reply,  and 
the  controversy  raged  very  fiercely  for  some  years.  The 
heads  of  the  church  were  vehemently  appealed  to  with  a  view 
to  ecclesiastical  animadversion,  but  they  very  judiciously 
abstained,  and  the  question  dropped  by  its  own  weight  or 
rather  want  of  it.  It  was  said  he  intended  to  offer  a  plan 
to  parliament  for  the  establishment  of  polygamy  in  this 
country.  The  answer  which  Lycurgus  gave  to  one  who 
wanted  a  popular  government  to  be  instituted  at  Sparta 
might  have  been  applied  to  this  reverend  gentleman,  "  Be- 
gin,  friend,   and  try  the  experiment  in  thine  own  house." 


THE    GHOST.  19 


00 


The  Ladies  Nine,  who,  as  we're  told. 

Scorning  those  haunts  they  loved  of  old. 

The  banks  of  Isis  now  prefer, 

Nor  will  one  hour  from  Oxford  stir, 

Are  held  for  form,  which  Balaam's  ass 

As  well  as  Balaam's  self  might  pass, 

And  with  his  master  take  degrees,  im 

Could  he  contrive  to  pay  the  fees. 

Men  of  sound  parts,  who  deeply  read, 
O'erload  the  storehouse  of  the  head 
With  furniture  they  ne'er  can  use, 
Cannot  forgive  our  rambling  Muse  no 

This  wild  excursion  ;  cannot  see 
Why  Physic  and  Divinity, 
To  the  surprise  of  all  beholders. 
Are  lugg'd  in  by  the  head  and  shoulders ; 
Or  how,  in  any  point  of  view,  ns 

Oxford  hath  anything  to  do  : 

He  was  also  the  author  of  an  ingenious  pamphlet,  entitled 
"  Thoughts  on  Executive  Justice,"  wherein  he  very  ably 
contends,  that  the  strict  and  unvaried  execution  of  the  law 
would  prove  the  most  efficacioiis  method  of  deterring  from 
the  commission  of  cinmes.    He  died  in  1790. 

97  The  high  tory  principles  invariably  avowed  and  acted  on 
by  the  university  of  Oxford,  from  the  period  of  the  revolution 
to  the  rebellion  of  1745,  when  their  Jacobitical  tendencies  ter- 
minated, although  the  same  principles  in  a  more  unadulte- 
rated form  have  been  continued  by  apostolic  succession  to 
this  time,  were  in  a  very  particular  manner  exhibited  during 
the  ascendency  of  Lord  Bute,  and  incurred  the  animadversion 
of  Mason  in  a  feeble  poem  entitled  "Isis,  an  Elegy,"  which 
was  answered  by  Warton  in  his  "  Triumph  of  Isis."  The 
controversy  was  a  drawn  battle  of  mediocrity. 


20  THE    GHOST. 

But  men  of  nice  and  subtle  learning, 

Remarkable  for  quick  discerning, 

Through  spectacles  of  critic  mould, 

Without  instruction,  will  behold  120 

That  we  a  method  here  have  got 

To  shew  what  is,  by  what  is  not ; 

And  that  our  drift  (parenthesis 

For  once  apart)  is  briefly  this  : 

Within  the  brain's  most  secret  cells  125 

A  certain  Lord  Chief  Justice  dwells,  • 

Of  sovereign  power,  whom,  one  and  all, 
With  common  voice,  we  Reason  call ; 
Though,  for  the  purposes  of  satire, 
A  name,  in  truth,  is  no  great  matter;  iso 

Jetferies  or  Mansfield,  Avhich  you  will. 
It  means  a  Lord  Chief  Justice  still. 
Here,  so  our  great  projectors  say. 
The  senses  all  must  homage  pay  ; 
Hither  they  all  must  tribute  bring,  135 

And  prostrate  fall  before  their  king, 

131  The  infamous  instrument  of  James  the  Second's  tyranny. 
His  death  was  as  miserable  as  his  life  had  been  wicked. 

"  Alive  deserted,  and  accurst  when  dead!" 

It  was  thought  that  Lord  Chancellor  Jefferies  had  escaped 
with  his  infatuated  master,  instead  of  which,  having  disguised 
himself  as  a  woman,  he  lay  at  Wapping  waiting  for  a  passage 
to  Hamburgh,  but  looking  out  at  a  window  he  was  recog- 
nized by  a  Clerk  in  Chancery  passing  that  way,  whereupon  he 
was  apprehended  and  with  difficulty  delivered  from  the  mob 
who  Avould  have  torn  him  in  pieces.  He  was  carried  befoi'e 
the  Lord  Mayor,  who  during  his  examination  fell  into  an  apo- 


THE    GHOST.  21 

Whatever  unto  them  is  brought 

Is  carried  on  the  wings  of  thought 

Before  his  throne,  where,  in  full  state, 

He  on  their  merits  holds  debate,  *       ho 

Examines,  cross-examines,  weighs 

Their  right  to  censure  or  to  praise 

Nor  doth  his  equal  voice  depend 

On  narrow  views  of  foe  and  friend, 

Nor  can  or  flattery  or  force  i« 

Divert  him  from  his  steady  course ; 

The  channel  of  inquiry's  clear, 

No  sham  examination's  here. 

He,  upright  Justicer,  no  doubt, 
Ad  libitum  puts  in  and  out,  i5o 

Adjusts  and  settles  in  a  trice 
What  virtue  is,  and  what  is  vice ; 
What  is  perfection,  what  defect ; 
What  we  must  choose,  and  what  reject ; 
He  takes  upon  him  to  explain  155 

What  pleasure  is,  and  what  is  pain ; 

plexy  and  died  upon  the  spot,  in  consequence,  as  it  was 
thought,  of  the  terror  with  which  JefFeries  had  uisphed  him. 
He  was  from  thence  caiTied  prisoner  to  the  Tower,  where, 
either  to  drown  the  thoughts  of  his  atrocious  cruelties  or 
through  cowardice,  he  fell  to  excessive  drinking  spirituous 
liquors,  which  soon  put  a  period  to  his  life. 

14*  Alluding  to  the  conduct  of  the  House  of  Commons,  re- 
specting one  Alexander  Dunn's  attempt  to  assassinate  Wilkes. 
Dunn  was  brought  to  the  bar,  but  discharged  on  the  ground 
of  his  insanity.  The  friends  of  llr.  Wilkes  denied  the  fact  of 
insanity,  and  insisted  that  it  was  a  ministerial  manojuvre  to 
screen  their  instrument.     See  vol.  ii.  p.  41. 


2S  THE    OlIOST. 

Whilst  we,  obedient  to  the  whim, 
And  resting  all  our  faith  on  him. 
True  members  of  the  Stoic  weal. 
Must  learn  to  think  and  cease  to  feel.  iso 

This  glorious  system  form'd  for  man 
To  practise  when  and  how  he  can, 
If  the  live  senses  in  alliance 
To  Reason  hurl  a  proud  defiance, 
And,  though  oft  conquer'd,  yet  unbroke,  les 

Endeavour  to  throw  off  that  yoke, 
"Which  they  a  greater  slavery  hold 
Than  Jewish  bondage  was  of  old  ; 
Or  if  they,  something  touch'd  with  shame, 
Allow  him  to  retain  the  name  i?" 

Of  Eoyalty,  and,  as  in  sport. 
To  hold  a  mimic  foi'mal  court. 
Permitted,  no  uncommon  thing, 
To  be  a  kind  of  puppet  king. 
And  suffer'd,  by  the  way  of  toy,  ns 

To  hold  a  globe,  but  not  employ. 
Our  system-mongers,  struck  with  fear. 
Prognosticate  destruction  near ; 
All  things  to  anarchy  must  run  ; 
The  little  world  of  man's  undone.  im 

Nay,  should  the  eye,  that  nicest  sense. 
Neglect  to  send  intelligence 
Unto  the  brain  distinct  and  clear. 
Of  all  that  passes  in  her  sphere  ; 
Should  she  presumptuous,  joy  receive  'ss 

Without  the  understanding's  leave, 


THE    GHOST.  23 

They  deem  it  rank  and  daring  treason 

Against  the  monarchy  of  Reason, 

Not  thinking,  though  they're  wondrous  wise, 

That  few  have  reason,  most  have  eyes ;  iso 

So  that  the  pleasures  of  the  mind 

To  a  small  circle  are  confined. 

Whilst  those  which  to  the  senses  fall 

Become  the  property  of  all. 

Besides,  (and  this  is  sure  a  case  *"  iss 

Not  much  at  present  out  of  place) 

Where  nature  reason  doth  deny, 

No  art  can  that  defect  supply ; 

But  if  (for  it  is  our  intent 

Fairly  to  state  the  argument)  200 

A  man  shall  want  an  eye  or  two. 

The  remedy  is  sure,  though  new ; 

The  cure's  at  hand — no  need  of  fear — 

For  proof — behold  the  Chevalier — 

204  The  chevalier  John  Taylor,  a  quack  oculist  of  much 
notoriety  in  his  day,  who  advertised  himself  as  Opthalmiator, 
Pontifical,  Imperial,  and  Koyal.  In  1761,  he  published  his 
adventures,  which  book  is  perhaps  the  strangest  rhapsody  that 
ever  appeared  in  public.  His  travels  through  all  parts  of  the 
world  occupy  the  greatest  portion  of  his  work,  and  are  little 
inferior  in  the  marvellous,  though  much  so  in  ingenuity,  to 
those  of  the  celebrated  Baron  Munchausen;  he  introduces 
his  work  with  the  following  pompous  address  :  "  0  thou 
mighty,  0  thou  sovereign  Pontiff,  0  thou  great  luminary  of 
the  church,  0  ye  imperial,  0  ye  royal,  0  ye  gi-eat  mastere  of 
empire,  0  ye  empresses,  0  ye  queens,  0  ye  gi-eat  people  of 
Eome,  once  masters  of  the  willing  world,  governors  of  that 
great  mistress  of  the  terrestrial  globe,  have  you  not  declared 
with  one  voice  the  praise  of  my  works.     0  ye  learned,  great 


24  THE    GHOST. 

As  well  prepared,  beyond  all  doubt,  803 

To  put  eyes  in  as  put  thein  out. 

But,  argument  apart,  which  tends 
To  embitter  foes  and  separate  friends, 
(Nor,  turn'd  apostate  from  the  Nine, 
Would  I,  though  bred  up  a  divine,  sio 

And  foe  of  course  to  Reason's  weal, 
Widen  that  breach  I  cannot  heal) 
By  his  Own  sense  and  feelings  taught, 
In  speech  as  liberal  as  in  thought. 
Let  every  man  enjoy  his  whim  ;  sis 

What's  he  to  me,  or  I  to  him  ? 
Might  I,  though  never  robed  in  ermine, 
A  matter  of  this  weight  determine, 
No  penalties  should  settled  be 
To  force  men  to  hypocrisy,  220 

To  make  them  ape  an  awkward  zeal, 
And,  feeling  not,  pretend  to  feel. 


in  the  knowledge  of  physic,  excellent  in  virtue,  you  who  are 
placed  at  the  head  of  human  wisdom,  have  you  not  told  man- 
kind how  highly  you  approve  my  deeds  V  "  During  a  long 
life  he  contrived  to  be  always  per  fas  aut  nefas  before  the 
public  eye,  and  died  in  1788.  His  son,  John  Taylor,  many 
years  editor  of  the  Sun  evening  paper,  was  a  punster  by 
profession  in  the  same  style,  but  of  an  inferior  grade  to  Caleb 
Whiteford.  He  was  a  writer  of  prologues,  epilogues,  songs, 
and  minor  poems,  which  were  published  in  two  volumes  by 
subscription.     He  died  in  1832. 

Johnson,  talking  of  irregular  practitioners  in  physic,  said 
that  Taylor  was  the  most  ignorant  man  he  ever  knew.  Ward 
the  dullest,  and  that  Taylor  was  an  instance  how  far  impu- 
dence couki  carry  ignorance. 


THE    GHOST.  25 

I  would  not  have,  might  sentence  rest 

Finally  fix'd  within  my  breast, 

E'en  Annet  censured  and  confined,  225 

Because  we're  of  a  different  mind. 

Nature,  who  in  her  act  most  free, 
Herself  delights  in  liberty, 
Profuse  in  love,  and  without  bound. 
Pours  joy  on  every  creature  round  ;  230 

Whom  yet,  was  every  bounty  shed 
In  double  portions  on  our  liead. 
We  could  not  truly  bounteous  call, 
If  freedom  did  not  crown  them  all. 

By  Providence  forbid  to  stray,  235 

Brutes  never  can  mistake  their  way ; 
Determined  still,  they  plod  along 
By  instinct,  neither  right  nor  wrong ; 
But  man,  had  he  the  heart  to  use 
His  freedom,  hath  a  right  to  choose ;  210 

WTiether  he  acts  or  well,  or  ill, 
Depends  entirely  on  his  will. 

225  Peter  Annet  liaving  been  convicted  of  blasphemy  for 
writing  a  paper  entitled  the  "  Free  Inquirer,"  in  which  he  im- 
pugned the  authority  of  the  books  of  Moses,  and  denied  the 
miracles  related  in  the  New  Testament,  was  sentenced  by  the 
court  to  suffer  one  year's  imprisonment  in  Bridewell  with 
hard  labour,  and  to  stand  twice  in  the  pillory.  The  latter 
punishment  was  inflicted  in  November,  176J ;  he  bore  it  with 
fortitude,  and  his  oge,  being  about  70,  and  respectable  ap- 
pearance, excited  the  compassion  of  the  populace.  It  is 
related  of  this  man,  that  he  so  hated  the  Bible,  that  if  he 
chanced  to  call  at  any  bookseller's  shop,  and  saw  it  on  the 
counter,  he  would  earnestly  request  the  removal  of  it. 


26  THE    GHOST. 

To  her  last  work  her  favourite  man 

Is  given  on  nature's  better  plan, 

A  privilege  in  power  to  err!  2« 

Nor  let  this  phrase  resentment  stir 

Amongst  the  grave  ones,  since  indeed, 

The  little  merit  man  can  jjlead 

In  doing  well,  dependeth  still 

Upon  his  2>ower  of  doing  ill.  sso 

Opinions  should  be  free  as  air ; 

No  man,  whate'er  his  rank,  whate'er 

His  qualities,  a  claim  can  found 

That  my  opinion  must  be  bound. 

And  square  with  his ;  such  slavish  chains  ass 

From  foes  the  liberal  soul  disdains  ; 

Nor  can,  though  true  to  friendship,  bend 

To  wear  them  even  from  a  friend. 

Let  those,  who  rigid  judgment  own, 

Submissive  bow  at  Judgment's  throne,  seo 

And  if  they  of  no  value  hold 

Pleasure,  till  pleasure  is  grown  cold, 

Pall'd  and  insipid,  forced  to  wait 

For  Judgment's  regular  debate 

To  give  it  warrant,  let  them  find  ass 

Dull  subjects  suited  to  their  mind. 

Theirs  be  slow  wisdom ;  be  my  plan, 

To  live  as  merry  as  I  can. 

Regardless  as  the  fashions  go, 

Whether  there's  reason  for't  or  no :  sto 

Be  my  employment  here  on  earth 

To  give  a  liberal  scope  to  mirth, 


THE    GHOST. 


27 


Life's  barren  vale  with  flowers  t'adorn, 
And  pluck  a  rose  from  every  tbom. 

But  if,  by  error  led  astray,  275 

I  chance  to  wander  from  my  way, 
Let  no  blind  guide  observe,  in  spite, 
I'm  wrong,  who  cannot  set  me  right. 
That  doctor  could  I  ne'er  endure 
Who  found  disease,  and  not  a 'cure  ;  280 

Nor  can  I  hold  that  man  a  friend 
Whose  zeal  a  helping  hand  shall  lend 
To  open  happy  Folly's  eyes. 
And,  making  wretched,  make  me  wise : 
For  next,  a  truth  which  can't  admit  ,         285 

Reproof  from  Wisdom  or  from  Wit, 
To  being  happy  here  below. 
Is  to  believe  that  we  are  so. 

Some  few  in  knowledge  find  relief; 

I  place  my  comfort  in  belief.  290 

Some  for  reality  may  call ; 

Fancy  to  me  is  all  in  all. 

Imagination,  through  the  trick 

Of  doctors,  often  makes  us  sick. 

And  why,  let  any  sophist  tell,  235 

May  it  not  likewise  make  us  well  ? 

This  I  am  sure,  whate'er  pur  view, 

Whatever  shadows  we  pursue. 

For  our  pursuits,  be  what  they  will, 

284  If  -we  see  right,  we  see  our  woes : 

Then  what  avails  it  to  have  eyes  ? 
From  ignorance  our  comfort  flows : 
The  only  wretched  are  the  wise.        Pkiok. 


28  THE    GHOST. 

Are  little  more  than  shadows  still ;  seo 

Too  swift  they  fly,  too  swift  and  strong, 

For  man  to  catch  or  hold  them  long  ; 

But  joys  which  in  the  fancy  live, 

Each  moment  to  each  man  may  give  : 

True  to  himself,  and  true  to  ease,  sos 

lie  softens  Fate's  severe  decrees. 

And  (can  a  mortal  wish  for  more  ?) 

Creates,  and  makes  himself  new  o'er, 

Mocks  boasted  vain  reality, 

And  is,  whate'er  he  wants  to  be.  310 

Hail,  Fancy — to  thy  power  I  owe 
Deliverance  from  the  gripe  of  w^oe  ; 
To  thee  I  owe  a  mighty  debt, 
vWhich  Gratitude  shall  ne'er  forget. 
Whilst  Memory  can  her  force  employ  '  315 

A  large  increase  of  every  joy. 
When  at  my  doors,  too  strongly  barr'd. 
Authority  had  placed  a  guard, 
A  knavish  guard,  ordain'd  by  law 
To  keep  poor  Honesty  in  awe  :  320 

Authority  severe  and  stern. 
To  intercept  my  wish'd  return  ; 
When  foes  grew  proud,  and  friends  grew  cool. 
And  laughter  seized  each  sober  fool ; 

818  It  does  not  appear  that  Churchill  was  ever  actually 
arrested ;  but  his  flight  from  his  curacy  in  Wales  was  occa- 
sioned by  the  threat  of  one,  and  by  an  actual  execution  upon 
his  goods,  and  he  was,  on  his  return  to  London,  and  until 
the  publication  of  the  Rosciad,  in  constant  apprehension  of 
Bimilar  results. 


THE    GHOST.  29 

AYhen  Candour  started  in  amaze,  32s 

And,  tneaning  censure,  hinted  praise : 

When  Prudence,  lifting  up  her  eyes 

And  hands,  thank'd  Heaven  that  she  was  wise : 

When  all  around  me,  with  an  air 

Of  hopeless  sorrow,  look'd  despair  :  330 

When  they  or  said,  or  seem'd  to  say 

There  is  but  one,  one  only  way 

Better,  and  be  advised  by  us, 

Not  be  at  all,  than  to  be  thus ; 

When  Virtue  shunn'd  the  shock,  and  Pride       335 

Disabled,  lay  by  Virtue's  side. 

Too  weak  my  ruffled  soul  to  cheei-. 

Which  could  not  hope,  yet  would  not  fear. 

Health  in  her  motion,  the  wild  grace 

Of  pleasure  speaking  in  her  face,  ^0 

Dull  regularity  thrown  by. 

And  comfort  beaming  from  her  eye, 

Fancy,  in  richest  robes  array'd. 

Came  smilmg  forth,  and  brought  me  aid  ; 

Came  smiling  o'er  that  dreadful  time,  345 

And,  more  to  bless  me,  came  in  rhyme. 

Nor  is  her  power  to  me  confined ; 
It  spreads,  it  comprehends  mankind. 

When  (to  the  spirit-stirring  sound 
Of  trumpets  breathing  courage  round,  ^ 

And  fife's  well-mingled,  to  restrain 
And  bring  that  courage  down  again  ; 
Or  to  the  melancholy  knell 
Of  the  dull,  deep,  and  doleful  bell. 
Such  as  of  late  the  good  Saint  Bride  355 


30  THE    GHOST. 

Miiflletl,  to  mortify  the  pride 

Of  those,  who,  Eiighuid  quite  forgot, 

Paid  tlicir  vile  homage  to  the  Scot, 

Where  Asgill  held  the  foremost  place, 

Whilst  my  Lord  figured  at  a  race)  seo 

Processions  ('tis  not  worth  debate 

Whether  they  are  of  stage  or  state) 

Move  on,  so  very,  very  slow, 

'Tis  doubtful  if  they  move  or  no  ; 

When  the  performers  all  the  while  ses 

Mechanically  frown  or  smile. 

Or,  with  a  dull  and  stupid  stare, 

A  vacancy  of  sense  declare. 

Or,  Avith  down-bending  eye,  seem  wrought 

Into  a  labyrinth  of  thought,  370 

Where  reason  wanders  still  in  doubt, 

And,  once  got  in,  cannot  get  out ; 

What  cause  sufficient  can  we  find, 

To  satisfy  a  thinking  mind. 

Why,  duped  by  such  vain  farces,  man  375 

Descends  to  act  on  such  a  plan  ? 

Why  they,  who  hold  themselves  divine, 

Can  in  such  wretched  follies  join. 

Strutting  like  peacocks,  or  like  crows, 

355  An  address  of  congratulation  on  the  peace  having  been 
reluctantly  wning  from  the  city  of  London,  it  M^as  carried  up 
to  St.  James's,  12th  of  May,  1763,  by  Sir  Charles  Asgill  as 
locum  tenens,  accompanied  by  six  other  aldermen,  the  re- 
corder, sheriffs,  chamberlain  and  town-clerk.  The  procession 
was  throughout  accompanied  by  the  hootings  of  the  mob,  and 
as  it  passed  Fleet-street  the  great  bell  of  St.  Bride's  began  to 
toll,  and  then  a  dumb  peal  stnick  up;  at  its  return  it  received 
a  similar  salutation  from  Bow  bells. 


THE    GHOST.  31 

Themselves  and  Nature  to  expose  ?  m 

What  cause,  but  that  (you'll  understand 

We  have  our  remedy  at  hand, 

That  if  perchance  we  start  a  doubt, 

Ere  it  is  fix'd  we  wipe  it  out ; 

As  surgeons  when  they  lop  a  limb,  sss 

Whether  for  profit,  flime,  or  whim, 

Or  mere  experiment  to  try. 

Must  always  have  a  stypic  by) 

Fancy  steps  in  and  stamps  that  real, 

Which,  ipso  facto,  is  ideal.  390 

Can  none  remember  ?  yes,  I  know, 
All  must  remember  that  rare  show 
When  to  the  country  Sense  went  down. 
And  fools  came  flocking  up  to  town ; 
When  knights  (a  work  which  all  admit  395 

To  be  for  knighthood  much  unfit) 
Built  booths  for  hire  ;  when  parsons  play'd 
In  robes  canonical  array'd. 
And,  fiddling,  joined  the  Smithfield  dance. 
The  price  of  tickets  to  advance :  «<i 

Or,  unto  tapsters  turn'd,  dealt  out. 
Running  from  Booth  to  booth  about, 
To  every  scoundrel,  by  retail. 
True  pennyworths  of  beef  and  ale, 
Then  first  prepared,  by  bringing  beer  in,  405 

For  present  grand  electioneering  ; 
When  heralds,  running  all  about 

406  A  new  parliament  was  called  after  the  accession,  and 
met  in  November,  1761 ;  consequently  the  canvassing  must 
have  been  at  its  height  at  the  period  of  the  coronation. 


32  THE    GUOST. 

To  bring  in  order,  turn'd  it  out ; 

When  by  the  prudent  Marshal's  care, 

Lest  the  rude  populace  should  stare,  410 

And  witli  unhallow'd  eyes  profane 

Gay  puppets  of  Patrician  strain, 

The  whole  procession,  as  in  spite, 

Unheard,  unseen,  stole  off'  by  night; 

When  our  loved  monarch,  nothing  loath,  41: 

Solemnly  took  that  sacred  oath. 

Whence  mutual  firm  agreements  spring 

Betwixt  the  subject  and  the  king, 

By  which,  in  usual  manner  crown'd. 

His  head,  his  heart,  his  hands,  he  bound,  430 

Against  himself,  should  passion  stir 

The  least  propensity  to  err. 

Against  all  slaves,  who  might  prepare 

Or  open  force,  or  hidden  snare. 

That  glorious  Charter  to  maintain,  425 

By  which  we  serve,  and  he  must  reign ; 

Then  Fancy,  with  unbounded  sway, 

Eevell'd  sole  mistress  of  the  day, 

And  wrought  such  wonders,  as  might  make 

Egyptian  sorcerers  forsake  430 

-Their  baffled  mockeries,  and  own 

The  palm  of  magic  hers  alone. 

A  knight  (who  in  the  silken  lap 
Of  lazy  Peace,  had  lived  on  pap ; 
Who  never  yet  had  dared  to  roam  435 

'Bove  ten  or  twenty  miles  from  home. 
Nor  even  that,  unless  a  guide 
Was  placed  to  amble  by  his  side, 


THE    GHOST.  33 

And  troops  of  slaves  were  spread  around 
To  keep  his  Honour  safe  and  sound ;  440 

Who  could  not  suffer,  for  his  life, 
A  point  to  sword,  or  edge  to  knife, 
And  always  fainted  at  the  sight 
Of  blood,  though  'twas  not  shed  in  fight ; 
Who  disinherited  one  son  «5 

For  firing  off  an  alder  gun. 
And  whipt  another,  six  years  old. 
Because  the  boy,  presumptuous,  bold 
To  madness,  likely  to  become 
A  very  Swiss,  had  beat  a  drum,  450 

Though  it  appear'd  an  instrument 
Most  peaceable  and  innocent. 
Having,  from  first,  been  in  the  hands 
And  service  of  the  City  bands) 
Graced  Avith  those  ensigns,  which  were  meant 
To  further  Honour's  di'cad  intent, 
The  minds  of  warriors  to  inflame, 
And  spur  them  on  to  deeds  of  fame : 
With  little  sword,  large  spurs,  high  feather. 
Fearless  of  every  thing  but  weather,  46o 

(And  all  must  own,  who  jDay  regard 
To  charity,  it  had  been  hard 
That  in  his  very  first  campaign 
His  honours  should  be  soil'd  with  rain) 
A  hero  all  at  once  became,  455 

And  (seeing  others  much  the  same 
In  point  of  valour  as  himself. 
Who  leave  their  courage  on  a  shelf 
VOL.   III.  3 


34  THE    GHOST. 

From  year  to  year,  till  some  such  rout 

In  proper  season  calls  it  out)  470 

Strutted,  look'd  big  and  swagger'd  more 

Than  ever  hero  did  before  : 

Look'd  up,  look'd  down,  look'd  all  around, 

Like  Mavors,  grimly  smiled  and  fi-own'd ; 

Scem'd  heaven,  and  earth,  and  hell,  to  call         475 

To  fight,  that  he  might  rout  them  all, 

And  personated  valour's  style 

So  long,  spectators  to  beguile. 

That  passing  strange,  and  wondrous  true, 

Himself  at  last  believed  it  too,  •isn 

Nor  for  a  time  could  he  discern, 

Till  truth  and  darkness  took  their  turn. 

So  well  did  Fancy  play  her  part, 

That  coward  still  was  at  the  heart. 

Whiffle  (who  knows  not  Whiffle's  name,         485 
By  the  impartial  voice  of  Fame 
Recorded  first  through  all  this  land 
In  Vanity's  illustrious  band  ?) 
Who,  by  all  bounteous  Nature  meant 
For  offices  of  hardiment,  490 

A  modern  Hercules  at  least 
To  rid  the  world  of  each  wild  beast. 
Of  each  wild  beast  which  came  in  view, 
Whether  on  four  legs  or  on  two. 
Degenerate,  delights  to  prove  495 

His  force  on  the  parade  of  Love, 
Disclaims  the  joys  which  camps  afford, 
And  for  the  distaff  quits  the  sword ; 
Who  fond  of  women  M'ould  appear 


THE    GHOST.  35 

To  public  eye  and  public  ear,  soo 

But,  when  in  private,  lets  them  know 

How  little  they  can  trust  to  show  ; 

"Who  sports  a  woman,  as  of  course, 

Just  as  a  jockey  shews  a  horse. 

And  then  returns  her  to  the  stable,  sds 

Or,  vainly  plants  her  at  his  table, 

Where  he  would  rather  Venus  find, 

(So  pall'd,  and  so  depraved  his  mind) 

Than,  by  some  great  occasion  led, 

To  seize  her  panting  in  her  bed,  510 

Burning  with  more  than  mortal  fires, 

And  melting  in  her  own  desires ; 

Who,  ripe  in  years,  is  yet  a  child, 

Through  fashion,  not  through  feeling,  wild ; 

Whate'er  in  others,  who  proceed  515 

As  Sense  and  Nature  have  decreed, 

From  real  passion  flows,  in  him 

Is  mere  effect  of  mode  and  whim  ; 

Who  laughs,  a  very  common  way. 

Because  he  nothing  has  to  say,  520 

As  your  choice  spirits  oaths  dispense 

To  fill  up  vacancies  of  sense ; 

Who  having  some  small  sense  defies  it, 

Or,  using,  always  misapplies  it ; 

Who  now  and  then  brings  something  forth         s® 

Which  seems  indeed  of  sterling  worth ; 

Something,  by  sudden  start  and  fit. 

Which  at  a  distance  looks  like  wit, 

But,  on  examination  near. 

To  his  confusion  will  appear,  530 


36  THE    GHOST. 

By  truth's  fair  glass,  to  be  at  best 

A  threadbare  jester's  threadbare  jest ; 

Who  frisks  and  dances  through  the  street, 

Sings  without  voice,  rides  without  seat, 

Plays  o'er  his  tricks,  like  iEsop's  ass,  535 

A  gratis  fool  to  all  who  pass  ; 

Who  riots,  though  he  loves  not  waste. 

Whores  without  lust,  drinks  without  taste. 

Acts  Avithout  sense,  talks  without  thought. 

Does  every  thing  but  what  he  ought ;  sio 

Who,  led  by  forms,  without  the  power 

Of  vice,  is  vicious  ;  who  one  hour, 

Proud  without  pride,  the  next  will  be 

Humble  without  humility : 

Whose  vanity  we  all  discern,  545 

The  spring  on  which  his  actions  turn ; 

Whose  aim  in  erring,  is  to  err, 

So  that  he  may  be  singular. 

And  all  his  utmost  wishes  mean 

Is,  though  he's  laugh'd  at,  to  be  seen :  550 

Such  (for  when  Flattery's  soothing  strain 

Had  robb'd  the  Muse  of  her  disdain, 

And  found  a  method  to  persuade 

Her  art,  to  soften  every  shade, 

Justice,  enraged,  the  pencil  snatch'd  553 

From  her  degenerate  hand,  and  scratch'd 

Out  every  trace,  then  quick  as  thought. 

From  life  this  striking  likeness  caught) 

In  mind,  in  manners,  and  in  mien. 

Such  Whiffle  came,  and  such  was  seen  mo 

In  the  world's  eye ;  but  (strange  to  tell !) 


THE    GHOST.  37 

Misled  by  Fancy's  magic  spell, 

Deceived,  not  dreaming  of  deceit, 

Cheated,  but  liaj)py  in  the  cheat. 

Was  more  than  human  in  his  own.  ses 

O  bow,  bow  all  at  Fancy's  throne, 

Whose  power  could  make  so  vile  an  elf 

With  patience  bear  that  thing,  himself. 

But,  mistress  of  each  art  to  please, 
Creative  Fancy,  what  are  these,  sto 

These  pageants  of  a  trifler's  pen, 
To  what  thy  power  efiected  then  ? 
Familiar  with  the  human  mind. 
And  swift  and  subtle  as  the  wind, 
Which  we  all  feel,  yet  no  one  knows  375 

Or  whence  it  comes,  or  where  it  goes. 
Fancy  at  once  in  every  part 
Possess'd  the  eye,  the  head,  the  heart. 
And  in  a  thousand  forms  array'd, 
A  thousand  various  gambols  play'd.  sso 

Here,  in  a  face  which  well  might  ask 
The  privilege  to  wear  a  mask 
In  spite  of  law,  and  justice  teach 
For  public  good  t'excuse  the  breach. 
Within  the  furrow  of  a  wrinkle  sss 

'Twixt  eyes,  which  could  not  shine  but  twinkle, 
Like  centinels  i'th'  starry  way, 
Who  wait  for  the  return  of  day. 
Almost  burnt  out,  and  seem  to  keep 
Their  watch,  like  soldiers,  in  their  sleep ;  sso 

Or  like  those  lamps,  which,  by  the  power 

591  By  an  act  of  parliament  then  lately  past,  for  the  more 


38  THE    GHOST. 

Of  law,  must  burn  from  liour  to  hour, 

(Else  they,  witliout  reilenij)tion,  full 

Under  the  terrors  of  that  Hall 

Which,  once  notorious  for  a  hop,  sse 

Is  now  become  a  justice  shop) 

Which  are  so  managed,  to  go  out 

Just  when  the  time  comes  round  about, 

Which  yet,  through  emulation,  strive 

To  keep  their  dying  light  alive,  soo 

And  (not  uncommon,  as  we  find 

Amongst  the  children  of  mankind) 

As  they  grow  weaker,  would  seem  stronger, 

And  burn  a  little,  little  longer  : 

Fancy,  betwixt  such  eyes  enshrined,  sos 

No  brush  to  daub,  no  mill  to  grind. 

Thrice  waved  her  wand  around,  whose  force 

Changed  in  an  instant  Nature's  course, 

And,  hardly  credible  in  rhyme. 

Not  only  stopp'd,  but  call'd  back  time,  ero 

The  face  of  every  wrinkle  clear'd, 

effectually  lighting,  &c.,  the  liberty  of  Westminster,  the  sit- 
ting magistrate  at  Bow  Street  was  armed  with  very  stringent 
powers  for  committing  and  inflicting  penalties  on  such  lamp- 
lighters as  negligently  suffered  the  lamps  to  go  out,  or  omitted 
to  go  their  rounds  every  hour,  to  relight  such  as  were  extin- 
guished. These  imperfect  expedients  have  now  been  happily 
superseded  by  the  blaze  of  gas. 

594  The  Westminster  Sessions-house  was  then  held  at  a 
house  in  King  Street,  which  had  probably  been  a  low  place 
of  public  entertainment.  Early  in  this  century,  a  now  ses- 
sions-house was  erected  near  St.  Margaret's  church,  affording 
a  perfect  specimen  of  the  goose-pie  order  of  architecture ;  it 
has  since  undergone  some  alterations,  but  it  wants  reforming, 
or  rather  removal  altogether. 


THE    GHOST.  39 

Smootli  as  the  floating  stream  appear'd, 

Down  the  neck  ringlets  spread  their  flame, 

The  neck  admiring  whence  they  came ; 

On  the  arch'd  brow  the  Graces  play'd  ;  sis 

On  the  full  bosom  Cupid  laid ; 

Suns,  from  their  proper  orbits  sent, 

Became  for  eyes  a  supplement ; 

Teeth,  white  as  ever  teeth  were  seen, 

Deliver'd  from  the  hand  of  Green,  sao 

Started,  in  regular  array. 

Like  train-bands  on  a  grand  field  day, 

Into  the  gums,  which  would  have  fled, 

But,  wondering,  turn'd  from  white  to  red  ; 

Quite  alter'd  was  the  whole  machine,  625 

And  Lady was  fifteen. 

Here  she  made  lordly  temples  rise 
Before  the  pious  Dashwood's  eyes, 
Temples  which,  built  aloft  in  air, 
May  serve  for  show,  if  not  for  prayer  ;  eso 

In  solemn  form  herself,  before, 
Array'd  like  Faith,  the  Bible  bore : 

629  See  vol.  ii.  p.  101. 

633  In  Hogarth's  "  Five  orders  of  Periwigs,"  the  first  head 
in  the  second  row  was  designed  to  represent  Lord  Melcombe, 
whose  general  costume  and  equipage  were  no  less  character- 
istic ;  he  had  a  wardrobe  loaded  with  rich  and  flaring  suits, 
each  in  itself  a  load  to  the  wearer,  and  every  birth-day  added 
to  the  stock.  In  doing  this  he  so  contrived  as  never  to  put 
his  old  dresses  out  of  countenance  by  any  variations  in  the 
fashions  of  the  new ;  in  the  mean  time,  his  bulk  and  corpu- 
lency gave  full  display  to  a  vast  expanse  and  profusion  of 
brocade  and  embroidery,  and  this,  when  set  off  with  an 
enormous  periwig  and  deep  laced  ruffles,  gave  the  picture  of 


40 


THE    GHOST. 


There,  over  Melcombe's  fcather'd  head, 

Who,  quite  a  man  of  gingerbread, 

Savour'd  in  talk,  in  dress,  and  phiz,  sss 

More  of  another  world  than  this. 

To  a  dwarf  Muse  a  giant  page. 

The  last  grave  fop  of  the  last  age. 

In  a  superb  and  fcather'd  hearse, 

Bescutcheon'd  and  betagg'd  with  verse,  64o 

Which,  to  beholders  from  afar, 

Appcar'd  like  a  triumphal  car, 

She  rode,  in  a  cast  rainbow  clad ; 

There,  throwing  off  the  hallow'd  plaid. 

Naked,  as  when  (in  those  drear  cells  64s 

Where  self-bless'd,  self-cursed  Madness  dwells) 

Pleasure,  on  whom,  in  Laughter's  shape, 

Frenzy  had  perfected  a  rape. 

First  brought  her  forth,  before  her  time. 

Wild  witness  of  her  shame  and  crime,  eso 

an  ancient  courtier  in  bis  gala  habit.  When  he  paid  his 
court  at  St.  James's  to  Queen  Charlotte  upon  her  nuptials, 
he  approached  to  kiss  her  hand,  decked  ui  an  embroidered 
suit  of  silk,  with  lilac  waistcoat  and  breeches,  the  latter  of 
which,  in  the  act  of  kneeling  down,  forgot  their  duty,  and 
broke  loose  from  their  moorings  in  a  very  indecorous  manner. 
The  above  sketch  is  chiefly  extracted  from  Cumberland's 
memoirs  of  himself,  and  he  completes  this  spirited  portrait  in 
these  words :  "  I  had  taken  leave  of  Lord  Melcombe  the  day 
preceding  the  Coronation,  and  found  him  before  a  looking- 
glass  in  his  new  robes,  practising  attitudes,  and  debating  with- 
in himself  upon  the  most  graceful  mode  of  carrying  his  coro- 
net in  the  procession.  He  was  in  high  glee  with  his  fresh 
and  blooming  honours,  and  I  left  him  in  the  act  of  dictating 
a  billet  to  Lady  Harvey,  apprising  her  that  a  young  lord  was 
coming  to  throw  himself  at  her  feet." 


THE    GHOST. 


41 


I 


Driving  before  an  idle  band 

Of  drivelling  Stuarts,  hand  in  hand ; 

Some  who,  to  curse  mankind,  liad  wore 

A  crown  they  ne'er  must  think  of  more ; 

Others,  whose  baby  brows  were  graced  ess 

With  paper  crowns,  and  toys  of  paste, 

She  jigg'd,  and  playing  on  the  tlute. 

Spread  raptures  o'er  the  soul  of  Bute. 

Big  with  vast  hopes,  some  mighty  plan. 
Which  wrought  the  busy  soul  of  man  66o 

To  her  full  bent,  the  Civil  Law, 
Fit  code  to  keep  a  world  in  awe. 
Bound  o'er  his  brows,  fair  to  behold, 
As  Jewish  frontlets  were  of  old  ; 
The  famous  Charter  of  our  land  655 

Defaced,  and  mangled  in  his  hand ; 
As  one  Avhom  deepest  thoughts  employ. 
But  deepest  thoughts  of  truest  joy. 
Serious  and  slow  he  strode,  he  stalk'd, 
Before  him  troops  of  heroes  walk'd,  sro 

Whom  best  he  loved,  of  heroes  crown'd. 
By  Tories  guarded  all  around. 
Dull  solemn  pleasure  in  his  face. 
He  saw  the  honours  of  his  race, 

672  The  Tories  were,  to  the  last,  the  stanch  friends  of  the 
Stuarts.  The  Earl  of  Bute  was  perfectly  sensible  of  this 
when  he  invited  into  his  ministry  several  members  of  the 
Cocoa  Tree,  a  club  then  notorious  for  the  high  Jacobitical 
principles  of  its  members.  The  house  in  Pall  Mall,  in  which 
it  was  held,  became  afterwards  as  well  if  not  better  kao-sv-n 
as  the  auction-rooms  of  the  celebrated  Mr.  James  Christie. 


42  THE    GHOST. 

He  saw  their  lineal  glories  rise,  675 

And  toucli'd,  or  seem'd  to  touch  the  skies ; 

Not  the  most  distant  mark  of  fear, 

No  sign  of  axe,  or  scaifold  near. 

Not  one  cursed  thought  to  cross  his  will 

Of  such  a  place  as  Tower  Hill.  680 

Curse  on  this  Muse,  a  flippant  jade, 
A  shrew,  like  every  other  maid 
Who  turns  the  corner  of  nineteen, 
Devour'd  with  peevishness  and  s^jleen : 
Her  tongue,  (for  as  one  bound  for  life,  635 

The  husband  suffers  for  the  wife, 
So  if  in  any  Avorks  of  rhyme 
Perchance  there  blunders  out  a  crime, 
Poor  culprit  bards  must  always  rue  it, 
Although  'tis  plain  the  Muses  do  it)  eso 

Sooner  or  later  cannot  fail 
To  send  me  headlong  to  a  jail. 
Whate'er  my  theme,  (our  themes  we  choose 
In  Modern  days  without  a  Muse, 
Just  as  a  father  will  provide  695 

To  join  a  bridegroom  and  a  bride, 
As  if,  though  they  must  be  the  players, 
The  game  was  wholly  his,  not  theirs) 
Whate'er  my  theme,  the  Muse,  who  still 
Owns  no  direction  but  her  will,  700 

Flies  off,  and  ere  I  could  expect. 
By  ways  oblique  and  indirect, 
At  once  quite  over  head  and  ears 
In  fatal  politics  appears. 


THE    GHOST.  43 

Time  was,  and,  if  I  aught  discern  703 

Of  fate,  that  time  shall  soon  return, 

When,  decent  and  demure  at  least, 

As  grave  and  dull  as  any  priest, 

I  could  see  Vice  in  robes  array'd. 

Could  see  the  game  of  Folly  play'd,  tio 

Successfully  in  fortune's  school. 

Without  exclaiming  rogue  or  fool : 

Time  was,  when  nothing  loath  or  proud, 

I  lackeyed  with  the  fawning  crowd. 

Scoundrels  in  office,  and  would  bow  71s 

To  cyphers  great  in  place,  but  now 

Upright  I  stand,  as  if  wise  Fate, 

To  compliment  a  shatter'd  state, 

Had  me,  like  Atlas,  hither  sent 

To  shoulder  up  the  firmament,  ''■» 

And  if  I  stoop'd,  with  general  crack, 

The  heavens  would  tumble  from  my  back : 

Time  was,  when  rank  and  situation 

Secured  the  great  ones  of  the  nation 

From  all  control ;  satire  and  law  f^ 

Kept  only  little  knaves  in  awe ; 

But  now,  decorum  lost,  I  stand 

Bemused,  a  pencil  in  my  hand. 

And,  dead  to  every  sense  of  shame, 

Careless  of  safety  and  of  fame,  730 

The  names  of  scoundrels  minute  down, 

And  libel  more  than  half  the  town. 

™5  The  poet  is  here  guilty  of  an  injustice  to  himself;  he 
had  from  infancy  a  surly  spirit  of  independence,  which  neither 
misfortunes  could  subdue,  nor  prosperity  corrupt. 


44  THE    GHOST. 

How  can  a  statesman  be  secure 
In  all  his  villanies,  if  jDoor 

And  dirty  authors  thus  shall  dare  735 

To  lay  his  rotten  bosom  bare  ? 
Muses  should  pass  away  their  time 
In  dressing  out  the  jooet's  rhyme 
With  bills  and  ribands,  and  array, 
Each  line  in  harmless  taste,  though  gay,  7« 

When  the  hot  burning  fit  is  on. 
They  should  regale  their  restless  son 
With  something  to  allay  his  rage, 
Some  cool  Castalian  beverage, 

750  The  Rev.  John  Brown,  D.  D.,  bom  in  1715,  was  author, 
among  other  works,  of  the  "Essay  on  the  Characteristics," 
and  of  an  "  Estimate  of  the  Manners  and  Principles  of  the 
Times."  The  latter  publication  excited  uncommon  attention, 
and  ran  through  se%'en  editions  in  one  year.  His  insatiable 
vanity,  dogmatism,  and  arrogance,  rendered  him  disgusting 
to  others,  and  a  torment  to  himself;  disappointed  by  iU  health 
in  his  intention  of  accepting  an  invitation  from  the  Empress 
of  Russia,  to  superintend  an  enlarged  plan  of  education  in 
that  country;  and  highly  imtated  by  the  shghts  and  morti- 
fications he  received  in  this,  he,  in  1766,  became  insane,  and 
put  a  period  to  his  own  existence,  in  the  fiftieth  year  of  his 
age.  He  was  of  the  Warburtoniau  school,  but  possessed 
too  much  of  the  spirit  of  his  master  to  submit,  without 
murmuring,  to  his  dictates.  The  part  he  took  in  the  con-. 
ti-oversy  then  raging  between  Drs.  Lo-svlih  and  Warburton, 
induced  the  latter  to  omit,  in  the  fifth  edition  of  his  Divine 
Legation,  the  following  passage  which  had  occurred  in  the 
preceding  ones:  "See  this  matter  and  what  else  relates  to 
ridicule  as  a  test  of  truth  explained  at  large,  and  in  a  very 
just  and  elegant  manner  by  Mr.  Brown  in  his  first  Essay  on 
the  Characteristics."  Dr.  Brown,  though  not  eminently 
successful  in  his  poetical  attempts,  understood  the  theory 
of  composition ;  and  his  "  Dissertation  on  the  Rise,  Union, 


THE    GHOST.  45 

Or  some  such  draught  (though  they,  'tis  plain, 

Taking  the  Muse's  name  in  vain. 

Know  nothing  of  their  real  court, 

And  only  fable  from  report) 

As  makes  a  Whitehead's  ode  go  down, 

Or  slakes  the  Feverette  of  Brown :  750 

But  who  would  in  his  senses  think, 

Of  Muses  giving  gall  to  drink. 

Or  that  their  folly  should  afford 

To  raving  poets  gun  or  sword  ? 

and  Power;  the  Progressions,  Separations,  and  Corruptions 
of  Poetry  and  Music,"  evinces  a  thorough  acquaintance  with 
the  subjects  on  which  he  treats. 

His  tragedy  of  Barbarossa,  which  was  acted  and  published 
in  December,  1754,  first  introduced  him  to  the  acquamtance 
of  Garricli,  who  wrote  the  prologue  and  epilogue  to  it,  and 
grievously  wounded  the  author's  characteristic  vanity,  by  the 
following  passage  in  the  epilogue : 

"  Let  the  poor  devil  eat,  allow  him  that." 
Dr.  Brown  with  many  eminent  qualifications  for  a  distin- 
guished position  in  the  world  of  letters,  neutralized  them  all 
by  an  inordinate  vanity  which  every  one  appeared  to  take  a 
pleasure  in  mortifying,  and  it  was  said  that  amid  the  storm 
of  controversial  missiles  by  which  he  was  assailed,  few  gave 
him  more  uneasiness  than  an  anonymous  ode,  addressed  to 
him  as  Legislator  Elect  of  Russia,  on  his  being  prevented  by 
a  fit  of  the  gout  from  entering  on  his  high  office  of  civilizing 
that  empire.  The  following  are  some  of  the  most  pungent 
stanzas  of  that  ode: 

Oh  thou !  who  throned  in  priestly  state, 

Once  took  the  pains  to  estimate 
Our  manners  and  our  times ; 

Who  held  the  scales  like  epic  Jove, 

Thy  country's  nothingness  to  prove; 
Accept  these  homely  rhymes. 


46  THE   GHOST. 

Poets  were  ne'er  design'tl  by  fate  755 

To  meddle  with  affairs  of  state, 
Nor  should  (if  we  may  speak  our  thought 
Truly  as  men  of  honour  ought) 

Yet,  pitying  its  etourderie, 
Did  teacli  it  what  was  liberty, 

Wliat  licence,  and  what  faction ; 
And  sliew'd  it  plain,  past  all  dispute, 
That  not  t'obey  the  nod  of  Bute 

Was  a  rebellious  action. 

This  Eussia  heard;  I'm  much  to  blame, 
'Twas  "  all  the  Russias  "  heard,  thy  fame, 

And  prick'd  then:  flappmg  ears; 
Sent  compliments,  and  humbly  ask 
You'd  condescend  to  take  the  task 

Of  taming  their  he-bears. 

Their  bears,  you  cried,  why  be  it  so, 
A  bear's  a  beast,  as  times  now  go, 

Better  to  tame  than  man; 
Men  I  have  tried  with  prose  and  ode. 
And  now  am  drawing  them  a  code. 

Then  bears  shall  have  the  plan. 

A  preacher  national  I  rose. 
Demonstrating  to  friends  and  foes, 

Our  troops  could  only  dance; 
Spite  of  my  proofs  they  drew  their  swords, 
And,  merely  to  gainsay  my  words, 

They  almost  conquer' d  France. 

Yet  still  was  my  compassion  shewn. 
To  save  their  credit  and  my  own, 

I  boasted  through  the  nation. 
That  all  their  enterprising  spirit 
Was  owing  to  the  aspiring  merit 

Of  my  bold  exhortation. 


THE    GHOST.  47 

Sound  policy  their  rage  admit, 
To  launch  the  thunderbolts  of  wit  76o 

About  those  heads  which,  when  they're  shot, 
Can't  tell  if  'twas  by  Wit  or  not. 

Vain  were  my  words,  the  rabble  rout 
Did  only  sneer,  and  gibe,  and  flout. 

As  if  tliey  thought  I  lied ; 
Therefore,  I  give  each  mother's  son 
Up,  as  I've  given  Warburton, 

And  half  my  friends  beside. 

Now  fly  abroad,  ye  red-stamped  hosts, 
Ye  Chronicles,  ye  Evening-posts, 

Proclaim  through  all  the  land. 
That  I  in  Eussia's  cause  engage, 
Ye  curates,  guard  my  vicarage, 

And  eke  my  gown  and  band. 

Meanwhile,  dread  empress,  I  to  thee 
Will  Solon,  will  Lycurgus  be. 

And  Montesquieu  also. 
But  scarce  these  words  were  well  got  out, 
When  lo,  a  demon  called  the  gout 

Did  tweak  him  by  the  toe. 

Come,  Patience,  come,  invoked  full  oft. 
And  in  our  aid  bring  flannel  soft 

To  wrap  the  peccant  member; 
Else,  grief  of  griefs,  he  cannot  go, 
For  who  can  trust  a  gouty  toe 

In  Eussia  in  November. 

Not  go !  avert  it,  gracious  Fate, 
What,  not  to  save  the  Eussian  state. 

And  be  a  legislator ; 
Good  Cincinnatus  left  his  plough, 
Though  he  had  pecks  of  wheat  to  sow. 

When  voted  Eome's  dictator. 


48  THE    GHOST. 

These  things  well  known,  what  devil,  in  spite. 
Can  have  seduced  me  thus  to  write 
Out  of  that  road,  which  must  have  led  763 

To  riches,  without  heart  or  head, 
Into  that  road,  wliicli  had  I  more 
Than  ever  poet  had  before 
Of  wit  and  virtue,  in  disgrace 
Would  keep  me  still,  and  out  of  place,  "« 

Which,  if  some  judge  (you'll  understand 
One  famous,  famous  through  the  land 
For  making  law)  should  stand  my  friend 
At  last  may  in  a  pillory  end ; 
And  all  this,  I  myself  admit,  775 

Without  one  cause  to  lead  to  it  ? — 

For  instance  now — this  book — the  Ghost — 
Methinks  I  hear  some  critic  Post 
Eemark  most  gravely — "  The  first  word 
Which  we  about  the  Ghost  have  heard."  vso 

Peace,  my  good  Sir, — not  quite  so  fast — 
What  is  the  first,  may  be  the  last, 
Whiyh  is  a  point,  all  must  agree, 
Cannot  depend  on  you  or  me. 
Fanny,  no  Ghost  of  common  mould ;  735 

Is  not  by  forms  to  be  controll'd ; 

773  Alluding  to  Lord  Mansfield  as  the  great  improver,  if 
not  founder  of  that  scheme  of  successive  judicial  decisions, 
which,  professing  to  be  glosses  on  some  debatable  questions 
arising  out  of  the  statute  or  common  law,  now  constitute  a 
third  division  or  code  generally  designated  as  Judge-made 
law;  Churchill's  animadversions  however  would  extend  no 
farther  than  to  the  obnoxious  exercise  of  this  power  by  Lord 
Mansfield,  with  reference  to  the  then  anomalous  condition  of 
the  law  of  libel. 


THE    GHOST.  49 

To  keep  her  state,  and  shew  her  skill, 

She  never  comes  but  when  she  will. 

I  wrote  and  wrote,  perhaps  you  doubt, 

And  shrewdly,  what  I  wrote  about ;  790 

Believe  me,  much  to  my  disgrace, 

I,  too,  am  in  the  self-same  case, 

But  still  I  wrote,  till  Fanny  came 

Impatient,  nor  could  any  shame 

On  me,  with  equal  justice,  fall.  795 

If  she  had  never  come  at  all. 

An  underling,  I  could  not  stir 

Without  the  cue  thrown  out  by  her, 

Nor  from  the  subject  aid  receive 

Until  she  came  and  gave  me  leave,  soo 

So  that,  (ye  sons  of  Erudition 

Mark,  this  is  but  a  supposition, 

Nor  would  I  to  so  wise  a  nation 

Suggest  it  as  a  revelation) 

If  henceforth,  dully  turning  o'er  sos 

Page  after  page,  ye  read  no  more 

Of  Fanny,  who  in  sea  or  air. 

May  be  departed  God  knows  where, 

Rail  at  jilt  Fortune  ;  but  agree 

No  censure  can  be  laid  on  me  ;  sio 

For  sure  (the  cause  let  Mansfield  try) 

Fanny  is  in  the  fault,  not  I. 

But,  to  return — and  this  I  hold 
A  secret  worth  its  weight  in  gold 
To  those  Avho  write,  as  I  write  now,  sio 

Not  to  mind  where  they  go,  or  how, 

VOL.  III.  4 


50  THE    GHOST. 

Through  ditch,  through  bog,  o'er  hedge  and  stile, 

Make  it  but  worth  the  reader's  while, 

And  keep  a  passage  fair  and  plain 

Always  to  bring  him  back  again.  sjo 

Through  dirt,  who  scruples  to  approach. 

At  Pleasure's  call  to  take  a  coach  ? 

But  we  should  think  the  man  a  clown. 

Who  in  the  dirt  should  set  us  down. 

But  to  return — It'  Wit,  who  ne'er  «;5 

The  shackles  of  restraint  could  bear, 
In  wayward  humour  should  refuse 
Her  timely  succour  to  the  Muse, 
And,  to  no  rules  and  orders  tied. 
Roughly  deny  to  be  her  guide,  bso 

She  must  renounce  decorum's  plan, 
And  get  back  when  and  how  she  can ; 
As  parsons,  who,  without  pretext, 
As  soon  as  mentioned,  quit  their  text, 
And,  to  promote  sleep's  genial  power,  835 

Grope  in  the  dark  for  half  an  hour, 
Give  no  more  reason  (for  we  know 
Reason  is  vulgar,  mean,  and  low) 
Why  they  come  back  (should  it  befall 
That  ever  they  come  back  at  all)  m 

Into  the  road,  to  end  their  rout, 
Than  they  can  give  why  they  went  out. 
But  to  return — this  book — the  Ghost — 
A  mere  amusement  at  the  most ; 
A  trifle,  fit  to  wear  away  8« 

The  horrors  of  a  rainy  day  ; 


THE    GHOST.  51 

A  slight  shot  silk,  for  summer  wear, 

Just  as  our  modern  statesmen  are, 

If  rigid  honesty  permit 

That  I  for  once  purloin  the  wit  ^ 

Of  him,  who,  were  we  all  to  steal, 

Is  much  too  rich  the  theft  to  feel : 

Yet  in  this  book,  where  ease  should  join 

"With  mirth  to  sugar  every  line  ; 

Where  it  should  all  be  mere  chit-chat,  sss 

Lively,  good-humoured,  and  all  that ; 

Where  honest  Satire,  in  disgrace, 

Should  not  so  much  as  show  her  face 

The  shrew,  o'erleaping  all  due  bounds, 

Breaks  into  laughter's  sacred  grounds,  8€o 

And,  in  contempt,  plays  o'er  her  tricks 

In  science,  trade,  and  politics. 

But  why  should  the  distemper'd  scold 
Attempt  to  blacken  men  enroll'd 
In  power's  dread  book,  whose  mighty  skill         8S5 
Can  twist  an  empire  to  their  will ; 
Whose  voice  is  fate,  and  on  their  tongue 
Law,  liberty,  and  life,  are  hung ; 
Whom  on  inquiry,  truth  shall  find, 
With  Stuarts  link'd,  time  out  of  mind  87o 

Superior  to  their  country's  laws. 
Defenders  of  a  tyrant's  cause  ; 
Men,  who  the  same  damn'd  maxims  hold 
Darkly,  which  they  avow'd  of  old  ; 
Who,  though  by  different  means,  pursue  s^s 

The  end  which  they  had  first  in  view. 
And,  force  found  vain,  now  play  their  part 


52  THE    GHOST. 

With  much  less  honour,  much  more  art  ? 

Why,  at  the  corners  of  the  streets, 

To  every  patriot  drudge  she  meets,  sso 

Known  or  unknown,  with  furious  cry 

Should  she  wild  clamours  vent  ?  or  why, 

The  minds  of  groundlings  to  inflame, 

A  Dashwood,  Bute,  and  Wyndham  name  ? 

Why,  having  not,  to  our  surprise  sas 

The  fear  of  death  before  her  eyes. 

Bearing,  and  that  but  now  and  then. 

No  other  weapon  but  her  pen. 

Should  she  an  argument  afford 

For  blood,  to  men  who  wear  a  sword  ?  sro 

Men,  who  can  nicely  trim  and  pare 

A  point  of  honour  to  a  hair ; 

Honour — a  word  of  nice  import, 

A  pretty  trinket  in  a  court, 

Which  my  Lord,  quite  in  rapture  feels  sss 

Dangling  and  rattling  with  his  seals — 

Honour — a  word  which  all  the  Nine 

Would  be  much  puzzled  to  define — 

Honour — a  word  which  torture  mocks. 

And  might  confound  a  thousand  Lockes —  soo 

Which  (for  I  leave  to  wiser  heads. 

Who  fields  of  death  prefer  to  beds 

Of  down,  to  find  out,  if  they  can, 

What  Honour  is,  on  their  wild  plan) 

Is  not,  (to  take  it  in  their  way,  sos 

And  this  we  sure  may  dare  to  say 

Without  incurring  an  offence,) 

Courage,  law,  honesty,  or  sense : 


THE    GHOST.  53 

Men,  who  all  spirit,  life,  and  soul, 

Neat  butchers  of  a  buttonhole,  910 

Having  more  skill,  believe  it  true 

That  they  must  have  more  courage  too  ; 

Men,  who,  without  a  place  or  name, 

Their  fortunes  speechless  as  their  fame, 

Would  by  the  sword  new  fortunes  carve,  915 

And  rather  die  in  fight  than  starve 

Ai  coronations,  a  vast  field. 

Which  food  of  every  kind  might  yield  ;  • 

Of  good  sound  food,  at  once  most  fit 

For  purposes  of  health  and  wit  ?  mo 

Could  not  ambitious  Satire  rest. 

Content  with  what  she  might  difjrest? 

Could  she  not  feast  on  things  of  course, 

A  champion  or  a  champion's  horse  ? 

A  champion's  horse — no  better  say,  925 

Though  better  figured  on  that  day — 


926  Alluding  to  the  horse  which  Lord  Talbot  mounted  as 
high  steward  at  the  coi'onation.  His  performance  was  so  ludi- 
crously described  in  No.  12  of  the  North  Briton  as  with  other 
provocations  to  occasion  the  duel  between  his  lordship  and 
Mr.  Wilkes,  at  Bagshot,  of  which  we  have  already  given  an 
account.  The  following  passages  occur  in  the  North  Briton 
on  the  subject  of  this  equestrian  exhibition: 

"Not  only  real  services  in  parliament,  but  every  species 
of  elegance  and  refinement,  in  the  polite  arts,  may,  I  think, 
without  censure  be  rewarded  with  a  pension.  A  politeness 
equal  to  that  of  Lord  Talbot's  horse  ought  not  to  pass  un- 
noticed ;  at  the  coronation  he  paid  a  new,  and,  for  a  horse,  a 
singular  respect  to  his  sovei-eign.  I  appeal  to  applauding 
multitudes,  who  were  so  charmed  as  to  forget  every  rule 


54  TIIK    GHOST. 

A  horse,  -which  might  appear  to  us 

Who  deal  in  rhyme,  a  Pegasus ; 

A  rider,  who,  when  once  got  on, 

Might  pass  for  a  Bellero2)hon,  s* 

Dropt  on  a  sudden  from  the  skies, 

To  catch  and  fix  our  wondering  eyes. 

To  witch,  with  wand  instead  of  whip, 

The  workl  with  noble  horsemanship. 

To  twist  and  twine,  both  horse  and  man,  ws 

On  such  a  well-concerted  plan, 

of  decency,  and  to  clap  even  in  the  royal  presence,  whether 
his  or  his  Lord's  dexterity,  on  that  day,  did  not  surpass  any 
courtiers.  Caligula's  horse  had  not  half  the  merit.  We 
remember  how  nobly  he  was  provided  for.  What  the  exact 
proportion  of  merit  was  between  his  lordship  and  his  horse, 
and  how  fur  the  pension  should  be  divided  between  them,  I 
will  not  take  upon  me  to  determine ;  I  leave  this  knotty  point 
to  be  decided  by  the  Earl  of  Eglingtoun,  because  Mr.  John 
Hume,  alias  Home  (for  so  it  is  printed  in  the  New  Sweet 
Nosegay  of  Scottish  Thistles),  tells  the  world,  Vol.  II.  p.  230, 
that  he  is 

A  friend  of  princes,  poets,  wits, 

A  judge  infallible  of  tits. 

"  In  my  private  opinion,  however,  the  merit  of  both  was 
very  great,  and  neither  ought  to  pass  unnoticed. 

"  The  impartial  and  inimitable  pen  of  Cervantes  has  made 
Kosinante  immortal,  as  well  as  Don  Quixote.  Lord  Talbot's 
horse,  like  the  great  planet  in  Milton,  "danced  about  in 
various  rounds  his  wandering  course."  At  different  times  he 
was  progressive,  retrograde,  or  standing  still.  The  progressive 
motion  I  should  rather  incline  to  think  the  merit  of  the  horse, 
the  retrograde  motion  the  merit  of  the  Lord.  Some  of  the 
regulations  of  the  courtiers  themselves  for  that  day  had  long 
been  settled  by  fonner  Lord  Stewards;  it  was  reser\'ed  for 
Lord  Talbot  to  settle  an  etiquette  for  their  horses." 


THE    GHOST.  55 

That  Centaur-like,  when  all  was  done  ? 

We  scarce  could  think  they  were  not  one  ? 

Could  she  not  to  our  itching  ears 

Bring  the  new  names  of  new-coined  peers,        940 

Who  walk'd,  nobility  forgot, 

With  shoulders  fitter  for  a  knot 

Than  robes  of  honour,  for  whose  sake 

Heralds,  in  form  were  forced  to  make  ; 

To  make,  because  they  could  not  find,  aia 

Great  predecessors  to  their  mind  ? 

Could  she  not  (though  'tis  doubtful  since 

Wliether  he  plumber  is,  or  prince) 

Tell  of  a  simple  knight's  advance 

To  be  a  doughty  peer  of  France  ?  sx 

Tell  how  he  did  a  dukedom  gain. 

And  Robinson  was  Aquitain  ? 


9**  To  obtain  a  decided  majority  in  the  House  of  Lords,  it 
■was  thought  expedient  by  Lord  Bute,  within  the  first  two 
years  of  King  George  the  Third's  accession  to  create  sixteen 
peers ;  we  have  seen  nearly  double  that  number  created  in 
one  year.  A  measure  of  this  kind  was  first  resorted  to  in 
1711 ;  when,  to  carry  a  particular  question  in  the  upper  house, 
twelve  peers  were  created  by  the  Tory  faction.  One  of  them, 
Lord  Bathurst,  having  delivered  his  sentiments,  pursuant  to 
his  instructions,  the  Earl  of  Whai-ton  asked  the  remaining 
eleven  tchefher  they  voted  by  their  Foreman  ?  Thus  unceremoni- 
ously comparing  them  to  a  petit  Jury.  Burnet  observes  on 
this  transaction  that  the  Tory  ministers,  finding  that  the 
House  of  Lords  would  not  be  induced  to  favour  their  designs, 
resolved  to  make  an  experiment  which  none  of  our  princes 
had  ventured  on  in  former  times,  that  of  making  twelve  peers 
at  once. 


56  THE    GHOST. 

Tell  how  her  city  chiefs,  disgraced, 

Were  at  an  empty  table  placed  ? 

A  gross  neglect,  which,  whilst  they  live,  sk 

They  can 't  forget,  and  won't  forgive, 

A  gross  neglect  of  all  those  rights 

Which  march  with  city  appetites, 

Of  all  those  canons,  which  we  tind 

By  Gluttony,  time  out  of  mind  m 

Established,  which  they  ever  hold 

Dearer  than  anything  but  gold  ? 

Thanks  to  my  stars — I  now  see  shore — 

952  It  had  been  customary  at  the  coronation  of  the  Kings 
of  England,  ever  since  the  conquest,  to  be  attended  in  the 
procession  by  the  then  greatest  vassals  of  the  crown,  the 
Dukes  of  Normandy  and  Aquitain;  since  the  loss  of  those 
provinces  they  have  been  represented  by  deputy  on  the 
occasion.  At  the  coronation  of  George  the  Third,  the  Duke 
of  Normandy  (not  Aquitain)  was  represented  by  Sir  Thomas 
Robinson,  a  Yorkshire  Baronet,  the  elder  brother  of  the  first 
Lord  Eokeby,  more  generally  called,  to  distinguish  him  from 
Sir  Thomas  Robinson,  first  Lord  Grantham,  by  the  name 
of  either  Sir  Francis  Fidget,  from  his  restlessness,  or  long  Sir 
Thomas,  on  account  of  his  uncommon  height  of  stature,  in 
allusion  to  which  the  following  happy  epigram  was  written : 

"  Unlike  to  Robinson  shall  be  my  song. 
It  shall  be  witty  and  it  shan't  be  long." 

A  ludicrous  anecdote  is  related  of  the  introduction  of  Sir 
Thomas  to  a  Russian  Nobleman,  who  persuaded  himself  that 
he  was  addressing  no  less  a  character  than  Robinson  Crusoe. 
Sir  Thomas  was  a  specious,  empty  man,  and  a  great  pest  to 
persons  of  high  Tank  or  in  ofBce.  He  was  very  troublesome 
to  the  Earl  of  Burlington,  and  when  in  his  visits  to  him  he 
was  told  that  his  Lordship  was  gone  out,  would  desire  to  be  ad- 


THE    GHOST.  57 

Of  courtiers,  and  of  courts  no  more — 

Thus  stumbling  on  my  city  friends,  ses 

Blind  Chance  my  guide,  my  purpose  bends 

In  line  direct,  and  shall  pursue 

The  point  Avhich  I  had  first  in  view, 

Nor  more  shall  with  the  reader  sport 

Till  I  have  seen  him  safe  in  port.  9^0 

Hush'd  be  each  fear — no  more  I  bear 

Through  the  Avide  regions  of  the  air 

The  reader  terrified,  no  more 

Wild  ocean's  horrid  paths  explore. 

Be  the  plain  track  from  henceforth  mine —        s^s 

Cross-roads  to  Allen  I  resign ; 

mitted  to  look  at  the  clock,  or  to  play  with  a  monkey  that  was 
kept  in  the  hall  in  hopes  of  being  sent  for  in  to  the  Earl.  This 
he  had  so  frequently  done  that  all  in  the  house  were  tired  of 
him.  At  length  it  was  concerted  among  the  servants  that  he 
should  receive  a  summary  answer  to  his  usual  questions,  and 
accordingly  at  his  next  coming,  the  porter  as  soon  as  he  had 
opened  the  gate,  and  without  waiting  for  what  he  had  to  say, 
dismissed  him  with  these  words,  "  Sir,  his  Lordship  is  gone 
out,  the  clock  stands,  and  the  monkey  is  dead."  Sir  Thomas 
Robinson  had  been  chiefly  bred  up  in  some  of  the  minor 
German  Courts,  and  was  one  of  the  weakest  of  the  Duke  of 
Newcastle's  political  tools  under  whom  he  was  Secretary  of 
State,  and  on  his  resignation  of  that  office  was  made  Master 
of  the  Great  Wardi-obe,  with  a  pension  of  £2000  a  year  on 
Ireland  for  31  years.  On  the  Duke  of  Newcastle's  attempt 
to  govern  the  House  of  Commons  by  Sir  Thomas  Robinson, 
Pitt  in  his  bitterest  manner  said,  "  he  might  as  well  send  his 
jack-boot  to  govern  us." 

'  0"6  Warburton  was  suspected  of  giving  his  uncle,  Mr. 
Allen,  some  assistance  in  his  epistolary  correspondence  with 
the  Earl  of  Ch.atham,  on  the  subject  of  the  tiddress  of  thanks 
from  the  city  of  Bath,  on  the  peace  of  1763.    Mr.  Allen  was 


58  THE    GHOST. 

Allen,  the  honour  of  this  nation  ; 

Allen,  himself  a  corporation  ; 

Allen,  of  late  notorious  grown 

For  writings  none,  or  all  his  own  ;  ssu 

Allen,  the  first  of  letter'd  men, 

Since  the  good  Bishop  holds  his  pen, 

And  at  his  elbow  takes  his  stand 

To  mend  his  head,  and  guide  his  hand. 

But  hold — once  more,  digression  hence —  sa 

Let  us  return  to  common  sense ; 

The  car  of  Phoebus  I  dischai'ge, 

My  carriage  now  a  Lord  Mayor's  barge. 

Suppose  we  now — (we  may  suppose 
In  verse,  what  would  be  sin  in  prose — )  sm 

The  sky  with  darkness  overspread, 
And  every  star  retired  to  bed  ; 
The  gewgaw  robes  of  Pomp  and  Pride 
In  some  dark  corner  thrown  aside  ; 
Great  lords  and  ladies  giving  way  sa? 

To  Avliat  they  seem  to  scorn  by  day, 
The  real  feelings  of  the  heart, 
And  Nature  taking  place  of  Art ; 
Desire  triumphant  through  the  night, 

the  inventor  and  farmer  of  cross  posts,  by  which  he  acquired 
a  large  fortune. 

888  The  Lord  Mayor,  Aldermen,  and  a  deputation  of  the 
Common  Council,  were  invited  to  the  coronation  dinner  in 
Westminster  Hall;  by  some  mistake  a  table  had  been  neg- 
lected to  be  set  out  for  them,  and,  like  the  Knights  of  the 
Bath  who  were  in  the  same  predicament,  they  got  but  a 
scanty  meal,  and  returned  to  the  city  late  in  the  evening  in 
their  barge,  much  displeased  with  their  part  in  the  show. 


THE    GHOST.  59 

And  Beauty  panting  with  delight ;  looo 

Chastity,  woman's  fairest  crown, 
Till  the  return  of  morn  laid  down, 
Then  to  be  worn  again  as  bright 
As  if  not  sullied  in  the  night ; 
Dull  Ceremony,  business  o'er,  loos 

Dreaming  in  form  at  Cottrell's  door  ; 
Precaution  trudging  all  about 
To  see  the  candles  safely  out, 
Bearing  a  mighty  mastei--key, 
Habited  like  Economy,  loio 

Stamping  each  lock  with  triple  seals. 
Mean  Avarice  creeping  at  her  heels. 
Suppose  we  too,  like  sheep  in  pen. 
The  Mayor  and  Court  of  Aldermen 
Within  their  barge,  which  through  the  deep,     lois 
The  rowers  more  than  half  asleep, 
Moved  slow,  as  overcharged  with  state  ; 
Thames  groan'd  beneath  the  mighty  weight, 
And  felt  that  bawble  heavier  far 
Than  a  whole  fleet  of  men  of  war.  1020 

Sleep  o'er  each  well-known  fliithful  head 
With  liberal  hand  his  poppies  shed, 
Each  head  by  Dullness,  render'd  fit 
Sleep  and  his  empire  to  admit. 
Through  the  whole  passage  not  a  word,  1025 

Not  one  faint,  weak,  half-sound  was  heard ; 
Sleep  had  prevail'd,  to  overwhelm 

1006  Sir  Clement  Cottrell,  master  of  the  ceremonies;  who 
was  succeeded  in  hishigh  office  by  Sir  Robert  Chester. 


60  THE    GHOST. 

The  steersman  nodding  o'er  the  helm  ; 

The  rowers,  without  force  or  skill, 

Left  the  dull  barge  to  drive  at  will ;  loso 

The  sluggish  oars  suspended  hung, 

And  even  Beardmore  held  his  tongue. 

Commerce,  regardful  of  a  freight 

On  which  dej^ended  half  her  state, 

Stepp'd  to  the  helm  ;  with  ready  hand  io:a 

She  safely  clear'd  that  bank  of  sand, 

Where,  stranded,  our  west-country  fleet 

Delay  and  danger  often  meet. 

Till  Neptune  anxious  for  the  trade. 

Comes  in  full  tides,  and  brings  them  aid.  ww 

Next  (for  the  Muses  can  survey 

Objects  by  night  as  well  as  day ; 

Nothing  prevents  their  taking  aim, 

Darkness  and  light  to  them  the  same) 

They  pass'd  that  building  which  of  old  iws 

1032  Beardmore,  whose  conduct  as  under-sheriflf  with  re- 
spect to  Dr.  Shebbeare,  has  ah-eady  been  tlie  subject  of  a 
note.  This  man  was  an  occasional  writer  in  the  Monitor,  an 
opposition  paper,  and  was  afterwards  employed  by  Wilkes  as 
his  solicitor  in  his  contest  with  government,  and  he  and  his 
clerk  being  taken  into  custody  by  the  king's  messengers,  at 
the  same  time  with  his  client,  they  brought  actions  against 
the  Secretaries  of  State,  in  which  very  heavy  damages  were 
recovered. 

1M5  The  Savoy  and  Old  Somerset  House,  formerly  the 
residences  of  the  Queens  of  England,  were  afterwards  pur- 
chased by  parliament  for  national  uses,  and  the  more  con- 
venient palace  of  Buckingham  House  was  appropriated  for 
that  purpose  in  exchange,  in  favour  of  Queen  Charlotte  as 
Queen  consort. 


THE    GHOST.  61 

Queen-mothers  was  design'd  to  hold, 

At  present  a  mere  lodging-pen, 

A  palace  turn'd  into  a  den. 

To  barracks  turn'd,  and  soldiers  tread 

Where  dowagers  have  laid  their  head,  »05o 

Why  should  we  mention  Surrey  Street, 

Where  every  week  grave  judges  meet 

All  fitted  out  with  hum  and  ha. 

In  proper  form  to  drawl  out  law, 

To  see  all  causes  duly  tried  '"ss 

'Twixt  knaves  who  drive,  and  fools  who  ride  ? 

Why  at  the  Temple  should  we  stay  ? 

What  of  the  Temple  dare  we  say  ? 

A  dangerous  ground  we  tread  on  there, 

And  words  perhaps  may  actions  bear ;  loso 

Where,  as  the  brethren  of  the  seas 

For  fares,  the  lawyers  ply  for  fees. 

What  of  that  Bridge  most  wisely  made 

1061  A  hackney-coach  office  was  first  established  by  act 
of  parliament  in  1696,  in  Surrey  Street  in  the  Strand,  and 
five  Commissioners  authorized  to  regulate  the  fares  and  to 
determine  diiferences. 

1063  A  senseless  clamour  was  excited  by  interested  per- 
sons of  all  descriptions  against  the  erection  of  a  bridge  over 
the  Thames,  at  Blackfriars.  Principally  owing  to  the  exer- 
tions of  Mr.  Paterson,  an  eminent  attorney,  and  member  of 
the  Common  Council,  an  act  of  parliament  was  obtained  for 
the  purpose,  but  not  without  considerable  opposition,  founded 
on  arguments  as  httle  tenable  as  those  urged  by  our  author, 
who  seems  to  have  been  guided  in  his  judgment  by  the  cir- 
cumstances of  Paterson  being  the  head  of  the  Anti-WUkites 
in  the  city,  and  of  Mylne,  the  architect,  being  a  Scotchman. 
The  act  of  parliament  having  at  length  been  obtained,  for 


62  THE    GnOST. 

To  serve  the  purposes  of  trade, 

In  the  great  mart  of  all  this  nation,  ices 

By  stopping  up  the  navigation, 

And  to  that  sand  bank  adding  weight. 

Which  is  already  much  too  great  ? 

What  of  that  Bridge,  which,  void  of  sense, 

But  well  supplied  with  impudence,  lo^c 

Englishmen,  knowing  not  the  Guild, 

Thought  they  might  have  a  claim  to  build, 

Till  Paterson,  as  white  as  milk, 

As  smooth  as  oil,  as  soft  as  silk, 

In  solemn  manner  had  decreed,  1075 

■which  the  thanks  of  the  city  were  voted  to  Mr.  Paterson,  a 
committee  was  appointed  to  receive  plans,  and  a  controversy, 
in  which  Dr.  Jobnson  incidentally  took  a  part  against  Mr. 
Mylne,  was  raised  by  the  friends  of  the  different  projectors 
on  the  comparative  solidity  and  beauty  of  semicircular  and 
elliptical  arches;  the  former  were  recommended  by  Mr. 
Thomas  Simpson,  the  celebrated  mathematician,  but  the  plan 
of  Mr.  Robert  Mylne,  on  the  latter  principle,  was  at  length, 
chiefly  by  the  influence  of  Mr.  Paterson,  adopted,  and  the 
first  stone  of  the  bi'idge  was  laid  on  the  31st  of  October,  17C0, 
with  gi-eat  solemnity;  the  inscription  upon  it  in  quaint  Latin 
was  ascribed  to  Mr.  Paterson,  who  incurred  a  very  consider- 
able poi-tion  of  ridicule  on  account  of  it,  in  a  very  witty,  and 
critical  dissection  of  it,  in  a  pamphlet  entitled,  City  Latin. 
The  bridge  was  opened  for  carriages  on  the  18th  of  November 
1769,  and  the  toll  imposed  for  defraying  the  expense  of  build- 
ing, and  which  produced  about  ^8000  a  year  did  not  cease 
until  the  expiration  oft  vventy  years.  The  utility  of  the  bridge 
has  been  proved,  its  durability  is  still  questionable,  the  ma- 
terials of  which  it  is  composed  have,  in  many  instances,  proved 
defective  when  used  in  the  construction  of  works  of  such  ex- 
traordinary magnitude,  and  so  much  exposed  to  the  vicissi- 
tudes of  the  seasons.     Sir  John  Hawkins,  in  his  life  of  John- 


THE    GHOST.  63 

That  on  the  other  side  the  Tweed 

Art,  born  and  bred,  and  fully  grown, 

Was  with  one  Mylne,  a  man  unknown  ; 

But  grace,  preferment,  and  renown, 

Deserving,  just  arrived  in  town  :  loso 

One  Mylne,  an  artist  perfect  quite 

Both  in  his  own  and  country's  right, 

As  fit  to  make  a  bridge  as  he, 

With  glorious  Patavinity, 

To  build  inscriptions,  worthy  found  loss 

To  lie  for  ever  under  ground. 

Much  more,  worth  observation  too, 
Was  this  a  season  to  pursue 

son,  has  entered  minutely  into  the  merits  of  the  bridge,  and 
many  of  his  objections  to  its  style  of  building  appear  well 
founded.  He  notices  the  columns  being  disproportionate  in 
the  ratio  between  their  heights  and  their  diameters,  and  con- 
sequently assuming  the  shape  of  candles ;  of  the  lesser  errors 
he  mentions  the  unwarrantable  mutilation  of  the  keystones 
over  the  arches,  and  the  injudicious  position  of  the  entabla- 
ture of  the  ballustrade.  Mr.  Paterson  was  equally  zealous  in 
1766,  in  obtaining  and  carrying  into  effect  an  act  of  parlia- 
ment for  new  paving  the  City  of  London,  for  which  service 
the  thanks  of  the  court  of  Common  Council  were  again  voted 
to  him. 

Mr.  Mylne  obtained  and  held  the  responsible  appointment 
of  Engineer  to  the  New  Eiver  Company,  until  his  death  in 
August  1811,  at  the  advanced  age  of  79,  and  was  succeeded 
in  his  office  by  his  only  son,  a  gentleman  of  much  eminence 
in  his  profession. 

1084  The  ancient  inhabitants  of  Patavium,  now  Padua, 
were  celebrated  for  their  affected  phraseology,  and  studied 
mode  of  composition.  The  historian  Livy  was  of  this  school, 
of  whom  Quintilian  says.  In  Tito  Livio  miraj  facundise  vero 
patat  inesse  PoUio  Asinius  quandam  Patavinitatem. 


64  THE    GHOST. 

The  theme,  our  Muse  might  tell  in  rhyme: 
The  will  she  hath,  but  not  the  time ;  iiso 

For,  swift  as  shaft  from  Indian  bow, 
(And  when  a  goddess  comes,  we  know. 
Surpassing  Nature  acts  prevail. 
And  boats  want  neither  oar  nor  sail) 
The  vessel  pass'd,  and  i-each'd  the  shore  ifw 

So  quick,  that  thought  was  scarce  before. 

Supjiose  we  now  our  city  court 
Safely  deliver'd  at  the  port. 
And,  of  their  state  regardless  quite. 
Landed,  like  smuggled  goods,  by  night.  noo 

The  solemn  magistrate  laid  down, 
The  dignity  of  robe  and  gown. 
With  every  other  ensign  gone. 
Suppose  the  woollen  nightcap  on ; 
The  flesh-brush  used,  with  decent  state,  nos 

To  make  the  spirits  circulate, 
(A  form  which,  to  the  senses  true. 
The  lickerish  chaplain  uses  too. 
Though,  something  to  improve  the  plan, 
He  takes  the  maid  instead  of  man)  nio 

Swathed,  and  with  flannel  cover'd  o'er. 
To  shew  the  vigour  of  threescore. 
The  vigour  of  threescore  and  ten 
Above  the  proof  of  younger  men, 
Suppose,  the  mighty  Dulman  led  "is 

Betwixt  two  slaves,  and  put  to  bed ; 
Suppose,  the  moment  he  lies  down, 
No  miracle  in  this  great  Town, 


THE    GHOST.  65 

The  drone  as  fast  asleep,  as  he 

Must  in  the  course  of  nature  be,  im 

Who,  truth  for  our  foundation  take, 

When  up,  is  never  half  awake. 

There  let  him  sleep,  whilst  we  survey 
The  preparations  for  the  day  ; 
That  day  on  which  was  to  be  shown  nzs 

Court  pride  by  City  pi'ide  outdone. 

The  jealous  mother  sends  away, 
As  only  fit  for  childish  play, 
That  daughter  who,  to  gall  her  pride. 
Shoots  up  too  forward  by  her  side.  n30 

The  wretch,  of  God  and  man  accurst, 
Of  all  hell's  instruments  the  worst, 
Draws  forth  his  pawns,  and  for  the  day 
Struts  in  some  spendthrift's  vain  array ; 
Around  his  awkward  doxy  shine  1135 

The  treasures  of  Golconda's  mine ; 
Each  neighbour,  with  a  jealous  glare, 
Beholds  her  folly  publish'd  there. 
Garments  well  saved,  (an  anecdote 
Which  we  can  prove,  or  would  not  quote)         nw 
Garments  well  saved,  which  first  were  made 
When  tailors,  to  promote  their  trade, 

1126  We  have  already  noticed  the  magnificent  entertain- 
ment given  to  the  sovereign  and  his  consort,  by  the  city  on  the 
Lord  Mayor's  day  succeeding  the  Coronation. 

1139  This  anecdote,  ■whatever  might  have  been  its  au- 
thenticity, and  interest  at  the  time,  has  now  no  claim  to  the 
latter,  and  we  may  therefore  be  spared  any  pains  in  sub- 
stantiating the  former. 

VOL.  III.  5 


66  THE    GHOST. 

Against  the  Picts  in  arms  arose, 

And  drove  them  out,  or  made  them  clothes ; 

Garments  immortal,  without  end,  ii« 

Like  names  and  titles,  which  descend 

Successively  from  sire  to  son  ; 

Garments,  unless  some  work  is  done 

Of  note,  not  suffer'd  to  aj^pear 

'Bove  once  at  most  in  every  year,  ii'>o 

Were  now,  in  solemn  form,  laid  bare. 

To  take  the  benefit  of  air. 

And,  ere  they  came  to  be  employ'd 

On  this  solemnity,  to  avoid 

That  scent,  which  Russia's  leather  gave,  "53 

From  vile  and  impious  moth  to  save. 

Each  head  was  busy,  and  each  heart 
In  preparation  bore  a  part ; 
Running  together  all  about 

The  servants  put  each  other  out,  ueo 

Till  the  grave  master  had  decreed. 
The  more  haste,  ever  the  worst  speed. 
Miss,  with  her  little  eyes  half-closed, 
Over  a  smuggled  toilette  dozed  : 
The  waiting-maid,  w^iom  story  notes  nss 

A  very  Scrub  in  petticoats. 
Hired  for  one  work,  but  doing  all. 
In  slumbers  lean'd  against  the  wall. 
Milliners,  summon'd  from  afar, 
Arrived  in  shoals  at  Temple  Bar,  n-o 

Strictly  commanded  to  import 
Cart  loads  of  foppery  from  court ; 


THE    GHOST.  67 

With  labour'd  visible  design 

Art  strove  to  be  superbly  fine ; 

Nature,  more  pleasing,  though  more  wild,         ins 

Taught  otherwise  her  darling  child, 

And  cried,  with  spirited  disdain, 

Be  Hunter  elegant  and  plain. 

Lo  !  from  the  chambers  of  the  East, 
A  welcome  prelude  to  the  feast,  nso 

In  safFron-colour'd  robe  array'd. 
High  in  a  car  by  Vulcan  made. 
Who  work'd  for  Jove, himself,  each  steed 
High-mettled,  of  celestial  breed, 
Pawing  and  pacing  all  the  w^ay,  uss 

Aurora  brought  the  wish'd-for  day, 
And  held  her  empire,  till  outrun 
By  that  brave  jolly  groom  the  Sun. 

The  trumpet — hark  !  it  speaks — it  swells 
The  loud  full  harmony ;  it  tells  "9o 

The  time  at  hand  when  Dulman,  led 
By  form,  his  citizens  must  head 
And  march  those  troops,  which  at  his  call, 
Were  now  assembled,  to  Guildhall, 
On  matters  of  importance  great,  'iss 

To  court  and  city,  church  and  state. 

From  end  to  end  the  sound  makes  way, 
All  hear  the  signal  and  obey  ; 
But  Dulman,  who,  his  charge  forgot. 
By  Morpheus  fetter'd,  heard  it  not ;  ia«> 

Nor  could,  so  sound  he  slept  and  fast, 
Hear  any  trumpet,  but  the  last. 

Crape,  ever  true  and  trusty  known, 


68  THE    GHOST. 

Stole  from  the  maid's  bed  to  his  own, 

Then  in  the  spirituals  of  pride,  i^os 

Planted  himself  at  Dulman's  side. 

Thrice  did  the  evei'-faithful  slave, 

With  voice  which  might  have  reach'd  the  grave, 

And  broke  death's  adamantine  chain, 

On  Dulnian  call,  but  call'd  in  vain.  1210 

Thrice  with  an  arm,  which  might  have  made 

The  Theban  boxer  curse  his  trade. 

The  drone  he  shook,  who  rear'd  the  head. 

And  thrice  fell  backward  on  his  bed. 

What  could  be  done  ?  Wliere  force  hath  fail'd 

Policy  often  hath  prevail'd, 

And  what,  an  inference  most  plain, 

Had  been,  Crape  thought  might  be  again. 
Under  his  pillow  (still  in  mind 

The  proverb  kept,  fast  bind,  fast  find)  i^ 

Each  blessed  night  the  keys  were  laid, 

Which  Crape  to  draw  away  assay'd. 

What  not  the  power  of  voice  or  arm 

Could  do,  this  did,  and  broke  the  charm ; 

Quick  started  he  with  stupid  stare,  122s 

For  all  his  little  soul  was  there. 

Behold  him,  taken  up,  rubb'd  down, 

In  elbow-chair,  and  morning-gown ; 

Behold  him,  in  his  latter  bloom, 

Stripp'd,  wash'd,  and  sprinkled  with  perfume ; 

Behold  him  bending  with  the  weight 

Of  robes,  and  trumpery  of  state ;  , 

Behold  him  (for  the  maxim's  true, 

Whate'er  we  by  another  do 


THE    GHOST.  69 

We  do  ourselves,  and  chaplain  paid,  1235 

Like  slaves,  in  every  other  trade, 

Had  mutter'd  over  God  knows  what, 

Something  which  he  by  heart  had  got) 

Having,  as  usual,  said  his  prayers, 

Go  titter,  totter,  to  the  stairs  :  vm 

Behold  him  for  descent  prepare 

With  one  foot  trembling  in  the  air ; 

He  starts,  he  pauses  on  the  brink, 

And,  hard  to  credit,  seems  to  think  ; 

Through  his  whole  train  (the  chaplain  gave      1245 

The  proper  cue  to  every  slave) 

At  once,  as  with  infection  caught. 

Each  started,  paused,  and  aim'd  at  thought ; 

He  turns,  and  they  turn ;  big  with  care, 

He  waddles  to  his  elbow-chair,  1250 

Squats  down,  and,  silent  for  a  season. 

At  last  with  Crape  begins  to  reason  : 

But  first  of  all  he  made  a  sign, 

That  every  soul  but  the  divine 

Should  quit  the  room  ;  in  him  he  knows,  1255 

He  may  all  confidence  repose. 

"  Crape — though  I'm  yet  not  quite  awake — 
Before  this  awful  step  I  take. 
On  which  my  future  all  depends,  , 

I  ought  to  know  my  foes  and  friends.  taso 

My  foes  and  friends — observe  me  still — 
I  mean  not  those  who  well  or  ill 
Perhaps  may  wish  me,  but  those  who 
Have't  in  their  power  to  do  it  too. 
Now  if,  attentive  to  the  state,  lass 


70  THE    GHOST. 

In  too  much  hurry  to  be  great, 

Or  through  much  zeal,  a  motive,  Crape, 

Deserving  praise,  into  a  scrape 

I,  like  a  fool,  am  got  no  doubt 

I,  like  a  wise  man  should  get  out :  1270 

Note  that  remark  without  replies  ; 

I  say  that  to  get  out  is  wise, 

Or  by  the  very  self-same  rule 

That  to  get  in  was  like  a  fool. 

The  marrow  of  this  argument  I'^^s 

Must  wholly  rest  on  the  event, 

And  therefore,  which  is  really  hard, 

Against  events  too  I  must  guard. 

Should  things  continue  as  they  stand, 
And  Bute  prevail  through  all  the  land  Jsso 

Without  a  rival,  by  his  aid 
My  fortunes  in  a  trice  are  made ; 
Nay,  honours,  on  my  zeal  may  smile, 
And  stamp  me  Earl  of  some  great  Isle : 
But  if,  a  matter  of  much  doubt,  isss 

The  present  minister  goes  out, 

1284  The  Isle  of  Bute,  situate  in  the  Frith  of  Clyde,  is  about 
twelve  miles  in  length,  and  five  in  breadth.  A  ludicrous 
statement  was  made  of  the  sum  contributed  by  it  to  the 
revenue,  amounting  to  thirteen  shillings  and  nine-pence  thrce- 
fartliings,  subject  to  some  deductions.  In  allusion  to  its  being 
the  property  of  the  premier  and  favourite,  and  to  his  over- 
whelming influence  and  patronage,  the  following  epigram  was 
made: 

All  other  turns,  vicissitudes  and  changes 
I  could  behold  sedately,  and  be  mute, 
One  metamorphosis  I  own  most  strange  is, 
Great  Britain  turned  into  the  Isle  of  Bute. 


THE    GHOST.  71 

Fain  would  I  know  on  what  pretext 

I  can  stand  fairly  with  the  next  ? 

For  as  my  aim,  at  every  hour, 

Is  to  be  well  with  those  in  power,  laso 

And  my  material  point  of  view, 

Whoever's  in,  to  be  in  too, 

I  should  not,  like  a  blockhead,  choose 

To  gain  these  so  as  those  to  lose : 

'Tis  good  in  every  case,  you  know,  isss 

To  have  two  strings  unto  our  bow," 

As  one  in  wonder  lost.  Crape  view'd 
His  lord,  who  thus  his  speech  pursued : 

"  This,  my  good  Crape,  is  my  grand  point'; 
And  as  the  times  are  out  of  joint,  isoo 

The  greater  caution  is  required 
To  bring  about  the  point  desired. 
What  I  would  wish  to  bring  about 
Cannot  admit  a  moment's  doubt ; 
The  matter  in  dispute  you  know,  isos 

Is  what  we  call  the  Quomodo. 
That  be  thy  task" — The  reverend  slave, 
Becoming  in  a  moment  grave, 
Fix'd  to  the  ground  and  rooted,  stood 
Just  like  a  man  cut  out  of  wood,  isio 

Such  as  we  see  (without  the  least 
Reflection  glancing  on  the  priest) 
One  or  more,  planted  up  and  down. 
Almost  in  every  church  in  town  ; 
He  stood  some  minutes,  then,  like  one  isis 

Who  wish'd  the  matter  might  be  done, 
But  could  not  do  it,  shook  his  head. 


72  THE    GHOST. 

And  thus  the  man  of  Sorrow  said : 

"  Hard  is  tliis  task,  too  hard  I  swear, 
By  much  too  hard  for  me  to  bear ;  1320 

Beyond  expression  hard  my  part, 
Could  mighty  Dulman  see  my  heart. 
When  he,  alas !  makes  known  a  will 
Which  Crape's  not  able  to  fulfil. 
Was  ever  my  obedience  barr'd  \sa 

By  any  trifling  nice  regard 
To  sense  and  honour  ?  could  I  reach 
Thy  meaning  without  help  of  speech, 
At  the  first  motion  of  thy  eye 
Did  not  thy  faithful  creature  fly  ?  1330 

Have  I  not  said,  not  what  I  ought. 
But  what  my  earthly  master  taught? 
Did  I  e'er  weigh,  through  duty  strong, 
In  thy  great  biddings,  right  and  wrong  ? 
Did  ever  Interest,  to  Avhom  thou  1335 

Canst  not  with  more  devotion  bow. 
Warp  my  sound  faith,  or  will  of  mine 
In  contradiction  run  to  thine  ? 
Have  I  not,  at  thy  table  placed, 
When  business  call'd  aloud  for  haste,  1340 

Torn  myself  thence,  yet  never  heard 
To  utter  one  complaining  word, 
And  had,  till  thy  great  work  was  done, 
All  appetites,  as  having  none  ? 
Hard  is  it,  this  great  plan  pursued  1345 

Of  voluntary  servitude, 
Pursued,  without  or  shame  or  fear, 
Through  the  gi*eat  circle  of  the  year, 


THE    GHOST.  73 

Now  to  receive,  in  this  grand  hour, 

Commands  which  lie  beyond  my  power,  ism 

Commands  which  baffle  all  my  skill, 

And  leave  me  nothing  but  my  will: 

Be  that  accepted  ;  let  my  Lord 

Indulgence  to  his  slave  afford  : 

This  task,  for  my  poor  strength  unfit,  i355 

Will  yield  to  none  but  Dulman's  wit." 

"With  such  gross  incense  gratified. 
And  turning  up  the  lip  of  pride, 
"  Poor  Crape  " — and  shook  his  empty  head — 
"  Poor  puzzled  Crape  I" — wise  Dulman  said,    iseo 
"Of  judgment  weak,  of  sense  confined. 
For  things  of  lower  note  design'd  ; 
For  things  within  the  vulgar  reach, 
To  run  of  errands,  and  to  preach, 
"Well  hast  thou  judg'd,  that  heads  like  mine       isss 
Cannot  want  help  from  heads  like  thine ; 
Well  hast  thou  judged  thyself  unmeet 
Of  such  high  argument  to  treat ; 
'Twas  but  to  try  thee  that  I  spoke, 
And  all  I  said  was  but  a  joke.  i3™ 

Nor  think  a  joke.  Crape,  a  disgrace 
Or  to  my  person  or  my  place ; 
The  wisest  of  the  sons  of  men 
Have  deign'd  to  use  them  now  and  then. 
The  only  caution,  do  you  see,  1375 

Demanded  by  our  dignity, 
From  common  use  and  men  exempt, 
Is  that  they  may  not  breed  contempt. 
Great  use  they  have,  when  in  the  hands 


74  THE    GHOST. 

Of  one  like  me,  who  understands,  i38o 

Who  understands  the  time  and  place, 

The  person,  manner,  and  the  grace, 

Which  fools  neglect ;  so  that  we  find, 

If  all  the  requisites  are  join'd, 

From  whence  a  perfect  joke  must  spring ;         isss 

A  joke's  a  very  serious  thing. 

But  to  our  business — my  design. 
Which  gave  so  rough  a  shock  to  thine, 
To  my  capacity  is  made 

As  ready  as  a  fraud  in  trade ;  ..  jsso 

Which,  like  broad-cloth,  I  can,  with  ease 
Cut  out  in  any  shape  I  please. 

Some,  in  my  circumstance,  some  few, 
Aye,  and  those  men  of  genius  too, 
Good  men,  who,  without  love  or  hate,  jsm 

Whether  they  early  rise  or  late. 
With  names  uncrack'd,  and  credit  sound. 
Rise  worth  a  hundred  thousand  pound, 
By  threadbare  ways  and  means  would  try 
To  bear  their  point — so  will  not  I.  1400 

New  methods  shall  my  wisdom  find 
To  suit  these  matters  to  my  mind. 
So  that  the  infidels  at  court. 
Who  make  our  City  wits  their  sport, 
Shall  hail  the  honours  of  my  reign,  wos 

And  own  that  Dulman  bears  a  brain. 

Some,  in  my  place,  to  gain  their  ends, 
Would  give  relations  up,  and  friends  ; 
Would  lend  a  wife,  who  they  might  swear 
Safely,  was  none  the  worse  for  wear ;  "w 


THE    GHOST.  75 

Would  see  a  daughter,  yet  a  maid, 

Into  a  statesman's  arms  betray'd ; 

Nay,  should  the  girl  prove  coy,  nor  know 

What  daughters  to  a  fatlier  owe, 

Sooner  than  schemes  so  nobly  plan'd  his 

Should  fail,  themselves  would  lend  a  hand ; 

Would  vote  on  one  side,  whilst  a  brother, 

Properly  taught,  would  vote  on  t'other ; 

Would  every  petty  band  forget ; 

To  public  eye  be  with  one  set,  1420 

In  private  with  a  second  herd. 

And  be  by  proxy  with  a  third ; 

Would  (like  a  queen,  of  whom  I  read 

The  other  day — her  name  is  fled — 

In  a  book  (where,  together  bound,  1425 

Whittington  and  his  Cat  I  found ; 

A  tale  most  true,  and  free  from  art. 

Which  all  Lord  Mayors  should  have  by  heart) 

A  queen  (0  might  those  days  begin 

Afresh,  when  queens  Avould  learn  to  spin)  hsj 

Who  wrought,  and  wrought,  but  for  some  plot. 

The  cause  of  which  I've  now  forgot. 

During  the  absence  of  the  sun 

Undid  what  she  by  day  had  done) 

While  they  a  double  visage  wear,  143s 

What's  sworn  by  day,  by  night  unswear. 

Such  be  their  arts,  and  such  perchance, 
May  happily  their  ends  advance  ; 
From  a  new  system  mine  shall  spring, 
A  Locum  tenens  is  the  thing.  1440 


76  THE   GHOST. 

That's  your  true  plan — to  obligate 

The  present  ministers  of  state, 

My  shadow  shall  our  court  approach, 

And  bear  my  power,  and  have  my  coach ; 

My  fine  state-coach,  superb  to  view,  "is 

A  fine  state-coach,  and  paid  for  too. 

To  curry  favour,  and  the  grace 

Obtain  of  those  who're  out  of  place  ; 

In  the  mean  time  I — that's  to  say — 

I  proper,  I  myself — here  stay.  »«• 

But  hold — perhaps  unto  the  nation. 
Who  hate  the  Scots  administration, 
To  lend  my  coach  may  seem  to  be 
Declaring  for  the  ministry, 
For  where  the  City-coach  is,  there  "ss 

Is  the  true  essence  of  the  Mayor : 
Therefore  (for  wise  men  are  intent 
Evils  at  distance  to  prevent. 
Whilst  fools  the  evils  first  endure. 
And  then  are  plagued  to  seek  a  cure)  "«o 

No  coach — a  horse — and  free  from  fear 
To  make  our  Deputy  appear, 
Fast  on  his  back  shall  he  be  tied, 
With  two  grooms  marching  by  his  side ; 
Then  for  a  horse — through  all  the  land,  "ss 

To  head  our  solemn  city-band, 
Can  any  one  so  fit  be  found 
As  he,  who  in  Artillery  ground, 

1468  A  ludicrous  accident  of  this  kind  occurred  at  a  review 
of  the  city,  but  the  particulars  have  escaped  our  recollection. 


THE    GHOST.  77 

Without  a  I'ider,  noble  sight, 

Led  on  our  bravest  troops  to  fight  ?  ma 

But  first,  Crape,  for  my  honour's  sake, 
A  tender  point,  inquiry  make 
About  that  horse,  if  the  dispute 
Is  ended,  or  is  still  in  suit: 

For  whilst  a  cause  (observe  this  plan  ms 

Of  justice)  whether  horse  or  man 
The  parties  be,  remains  in  doubt, 
Till  'tis  determined  out  and  out. 
That  power  must  tyranny  appear 
Which  should,  prejudging,  interfere,  hso 

And  weak  faint  judges  overawe 
To  bias  the  free  course  of  law. 

You  have  my  will — now  quickly  run, 
And  take  care  that  my  will  be  done. 
In  pubHc,  Crape,  you  must  appear,  uss 

Whilst  I  in  privacy  sit  here ; 
Here  shall  great  Dulman  sit  alone. 
Making  this  elbow-chair  my  throne, 
And  you,  performing  what  I  bid, 
Do  all,  as  if  I  nothing  did."  hm 

Crape  heard,  and  speeded  on  his  way ; 
With  him  to  hear  was  to  obey ; 

1482  The  determination  of  the  House  of  Commons,  on  the 
subject  of  the  45th  number  of  the  North  Briton,  was  gene- 
rally considered  as  prejudging  a  matter  then  before  another 
tribunal,  and  as  having  a  direct  tendency  to  influence  the 
judge  and  overawe  the  jury. 

1485  For  the  name  and  some  account  of  this  obsequious 
chaplain,  see  supplemental  notes  to  this  poem. 


1495 


78  THE    GHOST. 

Not  without  trouble,  be  assured, 
A  proper  proxy  was  procured 
To  serve  such  infamous  intent. 
And  such  a  lord  to  represent. 
Nor  could  one  have  been  found  at  dl 
On  t'other  side  of  London  AVall. 

The  trumpet  sounds — solemn  and  slow 
Behold  the  grand  procession  go,  iso" 

All  moving  on,  cat  after  kind, 
As  if  for  motion  ne'er  design'd. 

Constables,  whom  the  laws  admit 
To  keep  the  peace  by  breaking  it; 
Beadles,  who  hold  the  second  place  1505 

By  virtue  of  a  silver  mace, 
Which  every  Saturday  is  drawn, 

1514  Our  author's  clerical  connection  ynth.  Westminster  has 
led  him  to  introduce  the  names  of  persons  otherwise  too 
obscure  to  excite  general  interest.  Mr.  Peirson  was  a  leading 
man  in  the  parish  committee  for  repairing  and  beautifying 
St.  Margaret's  church,  and  the  contest  of  that  committee  with 
Dr.  Pearco,  Dean  of  Westminster,  and  Bishop  of  Rochester, 
on  the  subject  of  the  beautifully  painted  eastern  window  pur- 
chased by  them  for  400  guineas,  excited  much  attention.  The 
Dean  insisted  upon  its  being  Popish  and  idolatrous,  and  re- 
quired its  removal,  but  did  not  succeed.  The  history  of  this 
Avindow  is  too  curious  to  be  omitted;  it  was  presented  to 
Henry  YII.  for  the  chapel  he  was  then  building  at  West- 
minster, by  the  magistrates  of  Dort  in  Holland ;  but  he  dying 
before  it  was  completed,  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Abbot 
of  Waltham,  who  put  it  up  in  his  Abbey  church,  where  it 
continued  until  the  dissolution  in  1540.  To  preserve  it  from 
destruction,  it  was  removed  by  the  last  Abbot  to  New  Hall, 
a  seat  of  the  Butlers,  Earls  of  Oi-mond,  in  Essex.  In  Queen 
Elizabeth's  reign  New  Hall  belonged  to  the  Earl  of  Sussex, 


THE    GHOST. 


1510 


1315 


For  use  of  Sunday  out  of  pawn  ; 

Treasurers,  who  with  empty  key 

Secure  an  empty  treasury  ; 

Churchwardens,  who  their  course  pursue 

In  the  same  state,  as  to  their  pew 

Churchwardens  of  St.  Margaret's  go, 

Since  Peirson  taught  them  pride  and  sliow. 

Who  in  short  transient  pomp  appear, 

Like  almanacks  changed  every  year ; 

Behind  whom,  with  unbroken  locks. 

Charity  carries  the  poor's  box, 

Not  knowing  that  with  private  keys 

They  ope  and  shut  it  when  they  please :  i^ao 

Overseers,  who  by  frauds  ensure 

The  heavy  curses  of  the  poor ; 

of  whom  George  Villiers,  Duke  of  Buckingham,  bought  it, 
whose  son  sold  it  to  General  Jlonk,  who,  to  preserve  the  window, 
buried  it  under  ground  durmg  the  prevalence  of  puritanism. 
After  the  restoration  General  Monk  caused  it  to  be  replaced 
in  the  chapel  of  New  Hall.  From  the  heirs  of  General  Monk, 
New  Hall  passed  to  Mr.  Ohuius,  who  demolished  the  chapel, 
and  sold  the  wmdow  to  Mr.  Conyers  for  his  chapel,  at  Copthall, 
near  Epping;  there  it  remained  till  his  son,  intending  to  re- 
build the  mansion,  sold  it  to  the  committee  appointed  for  re- 
pairmg  St.  Margaret's,  A.  d.  1758.  The  Dean's  interference 
occasioned  the  following  epigram : 

"  Our  Saviour,  as  scripture  informs  us,  in  Jewry 

The  changers  of  money  drove  out  in  a  fury ; 

Now  Rochester's  bishop,  what  can  he  do  more? 

■Returns  the  affront,  and  kicks  Christ  out  of  door." 
It  is  probable  our  author  might  also  allude  to  the  trans- 
action in  the  following  couplet : 

"  Who  his  Redeemer  would  pull  down. 

And  sell  his  God  for  half  a  crown."        Ghost,  b.  ii. 


80  THE    GHOST. 

Unclean  came  flocking,  bulls  and  bears, 
Like  beasts  into  the  ark,  by  pairs. 

Portentous,  flaming  in  the  van,  lois 

Stalk'd  the  Pi'ofessor  Shei'idan, 
A  man  of  wire,  a  mere  pantine, 
A  downright  animal  machine  ; 
He  knows  alone,  in  proper  mode. 
How  to  take  vengeance  on  an  ode,  um 

And  how  to  butcher  Ammon's  son 
And  poor  Jack  Di-yden  both  in  one  : 
On  all  occasions  next  the  chair 
He  stands  for  service  of  the  Mayor, 
And  to  instruct  him  how  to  use  isgs 

His  A's  and  B's,  and  P's  and  Q's : 
O'er  letters,  into  tatters  worn, 
O'er  syllables,  defaced  and  torn, 

1523  The  twin  monsters  of  the  Stock-Exchange,  who 
sometimes  undergo  as  strange  a  metamorphosis  as  any  Ovid 
has  recorded,  by  making  their  final  exit  from  their  Pande- 
monium in  the  shape  of  Lame  Ducks ;  and  although  never 
readmitted  to  their  original  seats,  some  have  been  known  to 
•waddle  into  the  House  of  Commons,  and  to  achieve  the  dig- 
nity of  the  Baronetage. 

1527  This  was  no  great  compliment  to  Mr.  Sheridan's  ges- 
ticulation. A  Pantinei  was  a  figure  made  of  pasteboard  in  mi- 
niature imitation  of  the  human  form ;  by  the  least  touch  of  the 
finger  it  might  be  thrown  into  a  variety  of  antic  and  ridicu- 
lous postures ;  about  the  commencement  of  last  century  it  was 
in  high  vogue  among  the  beau-monde,  and  deemed  a  most 
diverting  plaything  for  gentlemen  as  well  as  ladies.  Made- 
moiselle Pantini,  one  of  Marshal  Saxe's  mistresses,  was  the 
ingenious  inventor,  from  whom  it  derived  its  name. 

1630  Mr.  Slieridan,  for  his  own  benefit,  recited  Dryden's  Ode 
with  more  labour  than  success. 


THE    GHOST.  81 

O'ei"  woi'ds  disjointed,  and  o'er  sense, 

Left  destitute  of  all  defence,  1540 

He  strides,  and  all  the  way  he  goes 

Wades,  deep  in  blood,  o'er  Criss-cross-rows : 

Before  him  every  consonant 

In  agonies  is  seen  to  pant ; 

Behind,  in  forms,  not  to  be  known,  i5'.5 

The  ghosts  of  tortured  vowels  groan. 

Next  Hart  and  Duke,  well  worthy  grace 
And  City  favour,  came  in  place : 
No  children  can  their  toils  engage, 
Their  toils  are  turn'd  to  reverend  age  ;  'sso 

"When  a  court  dame,  to  grace  his  brows 
Resolved,  is  wed  to  City-spouse, 
Their  aid  with  Madam's  aid  must  join, 
The  awkward  dotard  to  refine. 
And  teach,  whence  truest  glory  flows,  isss 

Grave  sixty  to  turn  out  his  toes, 
Each  bore  in  hand  a  kit ;  and  each 
To  show  how  fit  he  was  to  teach 
A  Cit,  an  Alderman,  a  Mayor, 
Led  in  a  string  a  dancing  bear.  isso 

Since  the  revival  of  Fingal, 
Custom,  and  custom's  all  in  all, 
Commands  that  we  should  have  regard, 
On  all  high  seasons,  to  the  bard. 

1560  Hart  and  Duke,  more  than  once  before  noticed  as 
eminent  dancing-masters,  who  were  thus  represented  in  one 
of  the  daubings  comprised  in  Bonnell  Thornton's  sign-post 
exhibition.    See  vol.  ii.  p.  307. 
VOL.  III.  & 


82  THE    GHOST. 

Great  acts  like  these,  by  vulgar  tongue  isss 

Profaned  should  not  be  said,  but  sung. 

This  place  to  fill,  renown'd  in  fame. 

The  high  and  mighty  Lockman  came, 

And  ne'er  forgot  in  Dulman's  reign, 

With  proper  order  to  maintain  isw 

The  uniformity  of  pride, 

Brought  Brother  Whitehead  by  his  side. 

On  horse,  who  proudly  paw'd  the  ground, 
And  cast  his  fiery  eyeballs  round, 
Snorting,  and  champing  the  rude  bit,  isra 

As  if,  for  warlike  purpose  fit, 
His  high  and  generous  blood  disdain'd 
To  be  for  sports  and  pastimes  rein'd, 

1568  John  Lockman,  secretary  to  the  British  herring  fishery, 
an  amiable,  inoflensive  man.  In  conversation  he  had  some 
humor,  but  his  attempts  to  excite  merriment  ou  paper,  were 
wretchedly  unsuccessful.  He  was  concerned  in  several  trans- 
lations and  compilations,  among  others  the  Romance  of  the 
Loves  of  Choerca  and  Callirhoe  was  revised  by  him,  he  died 
on  the  2d  of  February,  177L 

1592  The  poet  omits  no  opportunity  of  visiting  Lord  Talbot 
for  his  challenge  to  Wilkes,  and  silly  conduct  during  their 
nocturnal  meeting  at  Bagshot,  of  which  a  full  account  has 
been  given  in  a  former  volume.  The  Lord  High  Steward 
appears  to  have  been  a  weak  and  irritable  but  well  inten- 
tioned  man,  altogether  unequal  to  the  task  he  undertook  of 
being  a  reformer,  and  as  such  of  retrenching  the  expenditure 
of  the  royal  household,  in  despair  of  which,  he  took  frequent 
occasion  in  the  House  of  Lords  to  insist  on  the  inadequacy 
of  the  civil  list.  Mr.  Burke,  in  his  celebrated  speech  on  pre- 
senting resolutions  to  the  House  of  Commons,  for  the  better 
security  of  the  independence  of  parliament  and  of  the  eco- 
nomical reformation  of  the  civil  and  other  establishments. 


THE    GHOST.  83. 

Great  Dymoke,  in  his  glorious  station, 

Paraded  at  the  coronation.  isso 

Not  so  our  city  Dymoke  came, 

Heavy,  dispirited,  and  tame  ; 

No  mark  of  sense,  his  eyes  half-closed, 

He  on  a  mighty  dray-horse  dozed : 

Fate  never  could  a  horse  provide  issa 

So  fit  for  such  man  to  ride. 

Nor  find  a  man  with  strictest  care, 

So  fit  for  such  a  horse  to  bear. 

Hung  round  with  instruments  of  death, 

The  sight  of  him  would  stop  the  breath  isso 

Of  braggart  Cowardice,  and  make 

The  very  court  Drawcansir  quake ; 

thus  humorously  stated  Lord  Talbot's  difficulties  on  the 
occasion,  for  which  purpose  it  was  convenient  to  overrate  his 
abilities : 

"  At  the  beginning  of  his  majesty's  reign,  Lord  Talbot 
came  to  the  administration  of  a  great  department  in  the  house- 
hold. I  believe  no  man  ever  entered  into  his  majesty's  ser  ■ 
vice,  or  into  the  service  of  any  prince,  with  a  more  clear 
integrity,  or  with  more  zeal  and  affection  for  the  interest  of 
his  master;  and  I  must  add,  with  abilities  for  a  still  higher 
service.  Economy  was  then  announced  as  a  maxim  of  the 
reign.  This  noble  lord,  therefore  made  several  attempts 
towards  a  reform.  In  the  year  1777,  when  the  king's  civil 
list  debts  came  last  to  be  paid,  he  explained  very  fully 
the  success  of  his  undertaking.  He  told  the  House  of  Lords, 
that  he  had  attempted  to  reduce  the  charges  of  the  king's 
tables,  and  his  kitchen, — the  thing,  Sir,  was  not  below  him. 
He  knew  that  there  is  nothing  interesting  in  the  concerns  of 
men,  whom  we  love  and  honour,  that  is  beneath  our  atten- 
tion.— 'Love,'  says  one  of  our  old  poets,  'esteems  no 
office  mean ; '  and  with  still  more  spirit,  '  Entire  affection 


•84  THE    GHOST. 

With  dirks,  which,  in  the  hands  of  spite, 

Do  their  damn'd  business  in  the  night, 

From  Scotland  sent,  but  here  display'd  1595 

Only  to  fill  up  the  parade ; 

With  swords,  unflesh'd,  of  maiden  hue, 

Which  rage  or  valour  never  drew ; 

With  blunderbusses,  taught  to  ride 

Like  pocket-pistols,  by  his  side,  i«oo 

In  girdle  stuck,  he  seem'd  to  be 

A  little  moving  armoury. 

One  thing  much  wanting  to  complete 

The  sight,  and  make  a  perfect  treat, 

Was,  that  the  horse,  (a  courtesy  leos 

scorneth  nicer  hands.'  Frugality,  Sir,  is  founded  on  the 
principle,  that  all  riches  have  limits.  A  royal  household, 
grown  enormous,  even  in  the  meanest  departments,  may 
weaken  and  perhaps  destroy  all  energy  in  the  highest  offices 
of  the  state.  The  gorging  a  royal  kitchen  may  stint  and 
famish  the  negotiations  of  a  kingdom.  Therefore,  the  object 
was  worthy  of  his,  was  worthy  of  any  man's  attention. 

"  In  consequence  of  this  noble  lord's  resolution,  (as  he 
told  the  other  house)  he  reduced  several  tables,  and  put  the 
persons  entitled  to  them  upon  board  wages,  much  to  their 
own  satisfaction.  But  unluckily,  subsequent  duties  requiring 
constant  attendance,  it  was  not  possible  to  prevent  their  being 
fed  where  they  were  employed — and  thus  this  first  step 
towards  economy  doubled  the  expense. 

"  There  was  another  disaster  far  more  doleful  than  this.  I 
shall  state  it,  as  the  cause  of  that  misfortune  which  lies  at  the 
bottom  of  almost  all  our  prodigality.  Lord  Talbot  attempted 
to  reform  the  kitchen ;  but  such,  as  he  well  observed,  is  the 
consequence  of  having  duty  done  by  one  person,  whilst 
another  enjoys  the  emoluments,  that  he  found  himself  frus- 
trated in  all  his  designs.     Ou  that  rock  his  whole  adven- 


THE    GHOST.  85 

In  horses  found  of  high  degree) 
Instead  of  going  foi-ward  on, 
All  the  way  backward  should  have  gone. 
Horses,  unless  they  breeding  lack, 
Some  scruple  make  to  turn  their  back,  1610 

Though  riders,  which  plain  truth  declares, 
No  scruple  make  of  turning  theirs. 
Far,  far  apart  from  all  the  rest. 
Fit  only  for  a  standing  jest, 

The  independent,  (can  you  get  isis 

A  better  suited  epithet) 
The  independent  Amyand  came, 

tui-e  split— Eis  wliole  scheme  of  economy  was  dashed  to 
pieces;  his  department  became  more  expensive  than  ever; — 
the  civil  list  debt  accmnulated— Why  ?  It  was  truly  from  a 
cause,  which,  though  perfectly  adequate  to  the  effect,  one 
would  not  have  instantly  guessed ; — it  Avas  because  the  turn- 
spit in  Hie  king's  kitchen  zvas  a  member  of  parliament.  The 
king's  domestic  servants  were  all  undone  ;  his  tradesmen 
remained  unpaid,  and  became  bankrupt — because  the  turnspit 
in  the  king's  kitchen  was  a  member  of  parliament.  His  ma- 
jesty's slumbers  were  interrupted,  his  pillow  was  stuifed  with 
thorns,  and  his  peace  of  mind  entirely  broken — because  the 
king's  turnspit  loas  a  member  of  parliament.  The  judges  were 
unpaid;  the  justice  of  tlie  kingdom  bent  and  gave  way;  our 
ministers  abroad  remained  inactive  and  uninformed ;  the  sys- 
tem of  Europe  was  dissolved ;  the  chain  of  our  alliances  was 
broken ;  all  the  wheels  of  government  at  home  and  abroad 
were  stopped;  because  the  king's  turnspit  was  a  member  of 
parliament.'" 

len  George  and  Claudius  Amyand  were  at  this  period 
among  the  most  eminent  merchants  in  the  city  of  London ; 
the  former  was  in  parliament  for  Barnstable,  and  created  a 
baronet  in  1764;  he  died  in  1766,  when  his  title  descended 


80  THE    GHOST. 

All  burning  with  the  sacred  flame 

Of  liberty,  which  well  he  knows 

On  the  great  stock  of  slavery  grows,  i8« 

Like  sparrow,  who,  deprived  of  mate 

Snatch'd  by  the  cruel  hand  of  Fate, 

From  spray  to  spray  no  more  will  hop, 

But  sits  alone  on  the  house-top ; 

Or  like  himself,  when  all  alone  kts 

At  Croydon,  he  was  heard  to  groan. 

Lifting  both  hands  in  the  defence 

Of  interest,  and  common  sense  ; 

Both  hands,  for  as  no  other  man 

to  his  son,  who  afterwai'ds  took  the  name  of  Cornwall  ;  the 
latter  was  a  commissioner  of  customs,  and  possessed  the 
lucrative  situation  of  receiver-general  of  the  land  tax  for 
London  and  Middlesex ;  and  was  also  with  Henry  Digby  joint 
under-secretary  of  state  to  Mr.  Fox,  afterwards  Lord  Holland. 
These  gentlemen  uniformly  gave  the  weight  of  their  influence 
to  administration,  and  took  the  lead  in  all  the  money  nego- 
tiations of  the  times.  As  practice  alone  can  make  perfect,  these 
transactions  were  then  not  so  well  understood  by  the  public 
as  at  present,  when  we  shall  find  it  difficult  to  render  credible 
the  clamour  that  was  excited  at  the  exorbitant  profit  of  ten 
per  cent,  gained  in  1763,  by  the  contractors,  on  what  was  then 
considered  an  enormous  loan  of  three  millions  and  a  half. 
The  North  Briton  affords  a  complete  specimen  of  the  popular 
language  adopted  on  the  occasion. 

"  The  tei-ms  of  the  new  subscription  have  been  so  injurious 
to  the  public,  but  so  beneficial  to  the  subscribers,  that  is,  to 
the  creatures  of  the  minister,  that  there  was  immediately  an  ad- 
vance of  seven  per  cent,  and  in  a  very  few  days  of  above  eleven 
per  cent.  I  shall,  however,  only  state  it  at  the  round  sum  of 
ten  per  cent,  that  I  may  not  puzzle  the  chancellor  of  the  Ex- 
chequer. The  whole  loan  amounted  to  £3,500,000,  conse- 
quently in  a  period  of  a  very  few  days,  the  minister  gave 


THE    GHOST.  87 

Adopted  and  pursued  his  plan,  leso 

The  left  hand  had  been  lonesome  quite, 

If  he  had  not  held  up  the  right : 

Apart  he  came,  and  fix'd  his  eyes 

With  rapture  on  a  distant  prize, 

On  which,  in  letters  worthy  note,  i6» 

There,  twenty  thousand  pounds,  was  wrote. 

False  trap,  for  credit  sapp'd  is  found 

By  getting  twenty  thousand  pound  : 

Nay,  look  not  thus  on  me,  and  stare, 

Doubting  the  certainty — to  swear  ism 

In  such  a  case  I  should  be  loath — 

But  Perry  Cust  may  take  his  oath. 

among  his  creatures,  and  the  tools  of  his  power,  £350,000, 
which  was  levied  on  the  public ;  the  most  enormous  sum  ever 
divided  in  so  short  a  time  among  any  set  of  men.  A  few  of 
their  names  I  will  mention,  to  shew  in  what  estimation  they 
are  held  by  the  public.  Messsrs.  Touchet,  Glover,  Cust,  (bro- 
ther to  the  able  and  impartial  speaker)  Amyand,  May  gens, 
Salvador,  Colebrooke,  Thornton,  and  Muilman  had  each 
£200,000  of  the  new  subscription,  and  of  course  almost  im- 
mediately cleared  £20,000  each,  which  they  have,  or  have 
not  shared  among  their  friends.  Mr.  Fox  had  £100,000, 
Mr.  Calcraft,  £72,000,  Mr.  Drummond,  £70,000.  The  go- 
vernor of  the  bank,  Robert  Marsh,  Esq.,  had  £150,000  to  keep 
the  gentlemen  there  in  good  humour;  and  to  preserve  his 
own  good  humour,  £50,000.  Lewis  Way,  Esq.,  sub-governor 
of  the  South  Sea  House,  had  the  same  sums  for  the  same 
purposes.  Such  were  the  douceurs  given  to  these  persons 
when  gentlemen  of  the  first  moneyed  property  of  the  kingdom 
who  had  subscribed  the  largest  sums  in  all  the  exigencies  of 
government  during  the  former  wars,  and  who  were  of  known 
aflection  to  the  Brunswick  line  were  refused  any  share,  and  the 
reason  given  to  some  was  '  you  are  no  friend  to  the  minister.'  " 


88  THE    GHOST. 

In  plain  and  decent  garb  array'd 
With  the  prim  Quaker,  Fraud,  came  Trade  ; 
Connivance,  to  improve  the  plan,  leis 

Habited  like  a  juryman, 

1642  Mr.  Peregrine  Cust,  in  answer  to  the  imputations  con- 
tained in  tlie  extract  we  liave  given  from  tlie  Nortli  Briton, 
publislied  an  affidavit  in  defence  of  his  own  conduct  and  mo- 
tives. Having  inserted  the  charge,  we  think  it  reasonable  his 
justification  should  follow,  both,  indeed  are  rendered  neces- 
sary for  the  elucidation  of  the  text. 

"  And  this  deponent  saith,  that  lie  doth  think  himself  pre- 
judiced and  injured  in  his  character  and  credit  in  his  business 
as  a  merchant  of  the  city  of  London,  by  the  aspersions  and 
insinuations  contained  in  the  same  paragraph,  in  the  paper 
called  the  North  Briton ;  so  far  as  the  same  mentions  and  re- 
lates to  the  person  mentioned  by  the  name  of  Cust ;  and  that 
the  same  doth  contain,  in  the  opinion  and  belief  of  this  depo- 
nent, very  gross,  defiimatory,  and  malevolent,  as  well  as  false 
and  unjust  insinuations  and  aspersions  on  the  honour,  charac- 
ter, and  reputation  of  this  deponent.  And  this  deponent  saith 
he  is  the  more  fully  convinced,  that  this  deponent  was  and  is 
the  person  meant  and  intended,  for  that  about  August  or 
September  last,  it  being  generally  understood  that  a  loan  of 
money  would  be  wanted  for  the  service  of  the  public  and 
support  of  government  in  1763;  and  it  being  then  uncertain 
Avhat  sum  would  be  wanted,  (on  account  of  the  uncertainty 
at  that  time  whether  the  war  would  continue  or  not)  and  it 
being  also  apprehended,  that  a  much  larger  loan  would  be 
wanted  "by  government,  than  afterwards  was  found  necessary, 
and  it  being  supposed  that  eight  millions  at  least  would  be< 
wanted  for  the  said  service ;  and  this  deponent  being  desirous 
of  contributing  so  far  as  he  could  to  the  service  of  the  public, 
by  procuring  among  his  friends  part  of  the  money  which 
might  be  wanted  for  the  said  loan  for  the  service  of  govern- 
ment, whether  there  should  be  a  continuation  of  the  war  or 
not,  this  deponent  therefore  gave  out  among  his  acquaintance 
that  he  intended  to  offer  a  list  of  subscriptions  to  the  lords 


THE    GHOST.  89 

Judging  as  interest  prevails, 

Came  next,  with  measures,  weights,  and  scales  ; 

Extortion  next,  of  hellish  race, 

A  cub  most  damn'd,  to  shew  his  face,  leso 

commissioners  of  his  majesty's  treasury,  on  account  of  the 
said  loan,  to  the  amount  of  one  mOIion  or  thereabouts :  and 
tliereupon  this  deponent  received  from  many  persons,  as  well 
those  of  his  acquaintance  as  many  others,  who  this  deponent 
knew  only  by  reputation  and  character  as  responsible  persons, 
letters  offering  the  sums  which  they  were  respectively  willing 
to  subscribe,  and  which  they  desired  to  be  included  in  this 
deponent's  list;  and  this  deponent  did  accordingly  insert  in 
his  said  list  indiscriminately  the  names  of  all  the  persons  who 
so  desired  to  become  subscribers  in  this  deponent's  list  (they 
being  all  persons,  who  iu  this  deponent's  judgment,  were  able 
and  responsible  persons),  and  the  respective  sums  which  they 
severally  desired  to  subscribe  were  accordingly  inserted  in 
their  respective  names  in  the  said  list,  and  no  person  who 
desired  to  have  any  part  of  the  said  subscription  was  left  out 
of  this  deponent's  said  list,  in  regard  this  deponent  looked  on 
the  said  loan  in  the  nature  of  a  public  subscription,  and  as 
what  was  likely  to  be  of  real  service  and  benefit  to  the  public. 
And  this  deponent  saith,  that  in  January  last,  and  long  be- 
fore the  tferms  of  the  said  loan  were  known,  and  before  it 
could  be  possibly  known  whether  the  terms  thereof  would 
prove  advantageous  to  the  subscribers  or  not,  this  deponent 
delivered  in  his  said  list,  for  the  consideration  of  the  lords 
commissioners  of  the  treasury;  and  that  in  the  said  list, 
amounting  to  ^1,024,000,  or  thereabouts,  were  included  the 
names  of  every  person  who  had  wrote  to  this  deponent, 
desiring  to  be  included  in  his  list,  with  the  sums  by  them 
desired  to  be  subscribed,  whether  they  were  of  this  deponent's 
acquaintance  or  strangers  (as  many  of  them  in  fact  were  to 
this  deponent,  except  by  character  as  to  their  abilities),  in 
order  to  their  being  eventually  admitted  as  sharers  of  the  said 
loan.  And  this  deponent  saith,  that  above  four-fifths  of  the 
sum  of  £200,000  being  the  sum  allowed  to  this  deponent  ou 


90  THE    GHOST. 

Forbid  by  fear,  but  not  by  shame, 
Turn'd  to  a  Jew  like  Gideon  came  ; 
Corruption,  Midas  like  behold 

account  of  the  said  list  so  delivered  in  by  this  deponent  as 
aforesaid,  was  divided  among  the  several  persons  who  had 
made  such  applications  as  aforesaid  to  this  deponent,  and  in 
which  this  deponent  had  no  interest  or  share,  or  profit  what- 
soever ;  and  that  there  was  not  any  one  person  who  wrote  to 
this  deponent  to  be  in  his  list  who  had  less  than  one-fifth 
of  the  sum  which  he  so  wrote  for,  except  only  one  person 
who  had  wrote  to  subscribe  for  £12,000,  and  had  £2,000 
only  of  the  loan,  to  make  it  an  even  sum.  And  this  deponent 
saith,  that  the  assertion  contained  in  the  said  paper,  called 
the  North  Briton,  that  a  sum  of  £350,000  was  levied  on  the 
public  is,  according  to  this  deponent's  judgment,  and  best 
of  his  belief,  a  false  and  unjust  misrepresentation,  inasmuch 
as  it  was,  in  this  deponent's  opinion  and  judgment,  uncer- 
tain at  the  time  of  this  deponent's  delivering  in  his  said  list 
as  aforesaid,  whether  the  agreement  for  the  public  loan  would 
or  would  not  be  attended  with  benefit  to  the  subscribers; 
and  there  was  not,  in  this  deponent's  judgment,  any  pro- 
bability that  the  subscribers  to  the  same  would  derive  any 
large,  considerable,  or  unreasonable  benefit  from  it,  nor  was 
the  agreement  itself,  in  this  deponent's  opinion,  unfair  or  in- 
equitable, or  inadequate  to  the  risli  run." 

1652  Sampson  Gideon,  a  Jew  broker,  of  immense  wealth, 
who,  having  been  a  stanch  supporter  of  Sir  Robert  Walpole, 
in  all  his  financial  operations  in  tbe  city,  considered  himself 
entitled  to  a  baronetage,  which  Sir  Robert  was  quite  willing  to 
concede ;  but  strong  prejudices  then  existing  in  consequence 
of  the  Jews  naturalization  bill,  George  the  Second  declined 
conferring  it ;  although  it  was  afterwards  bestowed  on  his  son, 
a  Christian,  and  M.  P.  for  Worcester,  whose  steady  adherence 
to  government  was  ultimately  rewarded  by  an  Irish  peerage, 
under  the  title  of  Lord  Eardley.  The  followng  notice  of  its 
founder's  death,  in  Oct.  1762,  occurs  in  one  of  H.  Walpole's 
letters  to  Conway:    "  Gideon  is  dead  —  worth  more  than  the 


THE    GHOST.  91 

Turning  whate'er  she  toucli'd  to  gold  ; 
Impotence,  led  by  Lust  and  Pride,  less 

Strutting  \Wth  Ponton  by  her  side  ; 

whole  land  of  Canaan;  he  has  left  the  reversion  of  all  his 
milk  and  honej',  after  his  son  and  daughter  and  their  children, 
to  the  Duke  of  Devonshire,  without  insisting  on  the  Duke's 
taking  his  name,  or  being  circumcised."  See  supplemental 
note. 

1656  Daniel  Ponton,  a  gentleman  of  fortune,  who  had  served 
the  office  of  sheriff,  and  was  in  the  magistracy  for  the  county 
of  SuiTey.  The  wannth  with  which  Mr.  Ponton  supported 
the  cause  of  administration  rendered  him  necessarily  ob- 
noxious to  the  opposition.  A  very  severe  charge  against  him 
having  appeared  in  the  St.  James's  Chronicle,  for  the  10th 
of  December,  1768,  in  the  fonn  of  an  introduction  to  a  copy 
of  a  letter,  addressed  to  Daniel  Ponton,  Esq.,  chairman  to  the 
quarter  sessions  at  Lambeth,  complaint  was  made  to  Parlia- 
ment of  it,  upon  which  both  houses,  at  a  conference,  agreed 
that  such  introduction  was  an  insolent,  scandalous,  and 
seditious  hbel,  tending  to  inflame  and  stir  up  the  minds  of  his 
majesty's  subjects  to  sedition,  and  to  a  total  subversion  of  all 
good  order  and  legal  government.  Mr.  Wilkes  being  then  in 
the  King's  Bench  prison  for  several  other  libels,  upon  being 
brought  up  to  the  House  of  Commons,  on  the  3d  of  February, 
1769,  avowed  himself  to  be  the  author  of  the  Introduction, 
upon  which  the  House  of  Commons  resolved,  "That  John 
Wilkes,  Esq.,  a  member  of  this  house,  who  hath,  at  the  bar 
of  this  house,  confessed  himself  to  be  the  author  and  publisher 
of  what  this  house  has  resolved  to  be  an  insolent,  scandalous, 
and  seditious  libel,  and  who  has  been  convicted  in  the  court 
of  King's  Bench  of  having  printed  and  published  a  seditious 
libel,  and  three  obscene  and  impious  libels;  and  by  the  judg- 
ment of  the  said  court  has  been  sentenced  to  undergo  twenty- 
two  months'  imprisonment,  and  is  now  in  execution  under 
the  said  judgment,  be  expelled  this  House."  This  resolution, 
together  with  all  the  others  of  the  same  nature,  was  rescinded 
by  the  House  on  the  3d  of  May,  1782.  Mr.  Ponton  died  in  1777. 


92  THE   GHOST. 

Hypocrisy,  demure  and  sad, 

In  garments  of  the  priesthood  clad. 

So  well  disguised,  that  you  might  swear, 

Deceived,  a  very  priest  was  there ;  i«» 

Bankruptcy,  full  of  ease  and  health. 

And  wallowing  in  well-saved  wealth, 

Came  sneering  through  a  ruin'd  band, 

And  bringing  B in  her  hand ; 

Victory,  hanging  down  her  head,  'sss 

Was  by  a  highland  stallion  led  ; 
Peace,  cloth'd  in  sables,  with  a  face 
Which  witness'd  sense  of  huge  disgrace. 
Which  spake  a  deep  and  rooted  shame 
Both  of  herself  and  of  her  name,  isro 

Mourning  creeps  on,  and,  blushing,  feels 
War,  grim  War,  treading  on  her  heels ; 

1678  The  Great  Commoner,  as  he  was  called  during  the 
period  of  the  publication  of  these  poems,  forms  so  prominent 
a  figure  in  most  of  them,  that,  although  we  have  incidentally 
adverted  to  his  political  conduct  on  several  occasions,  and  the 
high  sense  entertained  by  the  public  of  him,  we  are  induced 
to  add  a  nearly  contemporaneous  character  of  him  attributed 
to  the  Earl  of  Chesterfield. 

Mr.  Pitt  owed  his  rise  to  the  most  considerable  posts  and 
power  in  the  kingdom  simply  to  his  own  abilities.  In  him 
they  supplied  the  want  of  birth  and  fortune,  which  latter  in 
others  too  often  supply'  the  want  of  the  former.  He  was  a 
younger  brother  of  a  very  new  family,  and  his  fortune  was 
only  an  annuity  of  £100. 

"The  array  was  his  original  destination,  and  a  cornetcy 
of  horse  his  first  and  only  commission  in  it.  Thus  unassisted 
by  favour  or  fortune  he  had  no  powerful  protector  to  introduce 
him  into  business,  and  (if  I  may  use  that  expression)  to  do 


THE    GHOST.  93 

Pale  Credit,  shaken  by  the  arts 

Of  men  with  bad  heads  and  worse  hearts, 

Taking  no  notice  of  a  band  ms 

Which  near  her  were  ordain'd  to  stand, 

Well  nigh  destroy'd  by  sickly  fit, 

Look'd  wistful  all  around  for  Pitt : 

Freedom — at  that  most  hallow'd  name 

My  spirits  mount  into  a  flame,  isso 

Each  pulse  beats  high,  and  each  nerve  strains 

Even  to  the  ci'acking ;  through  my  veins 

The  tides  of  life  more  rapid  run. 

And  tell  me  I  am  Freedom's  son — 

Freedom  came  next,  but  scarce  was  seen,  isss 

When  the  sky,  which  appear'd  serene 


the  honours  of  his  parts — ^but  their  o^vn  strength  was  fully- 
sufficient. 

"  His  constitution  refused  him  the  usual  pleasures,  and  his 
genius  forbade  him  the  idle  dissipations  of  youth,  for  so  early 
as  at  the  age  of  sixteen  he  was  the  martj-r  of  an  hereditary 
gout.  He  therefore  employed  the  leisure  which  that  tedious 
and  painful  distemper  either  procured  or  allowed  him  in  ac- 
quiring a  great  fund  of  premature  and  useful  knowledge. 
Thus  by  the  unaccountable  relation  of  causes  and  effects, 
what  seemed  the  greatest  misfortune  of  his  life  was  perhaps 
the  principal  cause  of  its  splendour. 

"  His  private  life  was  stained  by  no  vice,  nor  sullied  by  any 
meanness.  All  his  sentiments  were  liberal  and  elevated. 
His  ruling  passion  was  an  unbounded  ambition,  which  when 
supported  by  great  abilities,  and  crowned  with  great  success, 
make  what  the  world  calls  a  Great  ^lan. 

"  He  was  haughty,  imperious,  impatient  of  contradiction, 
and  overbearing — qualities  which  too  often  accompany,  but 
always  clog,  great  ones. 


94  THE    GHOST. 

And  gay  before,  was  overcast ; 

Horror  bestrode  a  foreign  blast, 

And  from  the  prison  of  the  North, 

To  Freedom  deadly,  storms  burst  forth.  ism 

A  car  like  those,  in  which,  we're  told, 
Our  wild  forefathers  warr'd  of  old. 
Loaded  with  death,  six  horses  bear 
Tlirough  the  blank  region  of  the  air. 

"  He  had  manners  and  address,  but  one  might  discern 
tlirough  them  too  great  a  consciousness  of  his  own  superior 
talents. 

"  He  was  a  most  agreeable  and  lively  companion  in  social 
life,  and  had  such  a  versatility  of  wit,  that  he  could  adapt  it 
to  all  sorts  of  conversation.  He  had  also  a  most  happy  turn 
to  poetry;  but  he  seldom  indulged,  and  seldomer  avowed  it. 

"He  came  young  into  parliament,  and  upon  that  great 
theatre  lie  soon  equalled  the  oldest  and  the  ablest  actors.  His 
eloquence  was  of  every  kind,  and  he  excelled  m  the  argu- 
mentative, as  well  as  in  the  declamatory  way.  But  his  in- 
vectives were  terrible,  and  uttered  with  such  energy  of  diction 
and  such  dignity  of  action  and  countenance,  that  he  intimi- 
dated those  who  were  the  most  willing  and  the  best  able  to 
encounter  him.  Their  arms  fell  out  of  their  hands,  and  they 
shrunk  under  the  ascendant  which  his  genius  gained  over 
theirs. 

"  In  that  assembly,  where  public  good  is  much  talked  of, 
and  private  interest  singly  pursued,  he  set  out  with  acting  the 
patriot,  and  performed  that  part  so  ably,  that  he  was  adopted 
by  the  public  as  their  chief,  or  rather  their  only  unsuspected 
champion. 

"  The  weight  of  his  popularity  and  his  universally  acknow- 
ledged abilities  obtruded  him  upon  King  George  the  Second, 
to  whom  he  was  personally  obnoxious.  He  was  made  Secre- 
tary of  State.  In  this  difficult  and  delicate  situation,  which 
one  would  have  thought  must  have  reduced  either  the  patriot 
or  the  minister  to  a  decisive  option,  he  managed  with  such 


THE    GHOST.  95 

Too  fierce  for  time  or  art  to  tame,  isa 

They  pour'd  forth  mingled  smoke  and  flame 

From  their  wide  nostrils ;  every  steed 

Was  of  that  ancient  savage  breed 

Which  fell  Geryon  nursed  ;  their  food 

The  flesh  of  man,  their  drink  his  blood.  noo 

On  the  first  horses,  ill-match'd  pair, 
This  fat  and  sleek,  that  lean  and  bare, 
Came  ill-match'd  riders  side  by  side, 

ability,  that  while  he  served  the  King  more  effectually  in  his 
most  unwarrantable  electoral  views  than  any  former  minister, 
however  willing,  had  dared  to  do,  he  still  preserved  all  his 
credit  and  popularity  with  the  public,  whom  he  assured  and 
convinced  that  the  protection  and  defence  of  Hanover  with 
an  army  of  seventy-five  thousand  men  in  British  pay,  was 
the  only  possible  method  of  securing  our  possessions  or  acqui- 
sitions in  North  America.  So  much  easier  is  it  to  deceive 
than  to  undeceive  mankind. 

"  His  own  disinterestedness,  and  even  contempt  of  money, 
smoothed  his  way  to  power,  and  prevented  or  silenced  a  great 
share  of  that  envy  which  commonly  attends  it.  Most  men 
think  that  they  have  an  equal  natural  right  to  riches,  and 
equal  abilities  to  make  a  proper  use  of  them,  but  not  very 
many  of  them  have  the  impudence  to  think  themselves  quali- 
fied for  power. 

"  Upon  the  whole  he  will  make  a  great  and  shining  figure 
in  the  annals  of  this  country ;  notwithstanding  the  blot  which 
his  acceptance  of  three  thousand  pounds  per  annum,  pension 
for  three  lives,  upon  his  voluntary  resignation  of  the  seals,  in 
the  first  year  of  King  George  the  Third,  must  make  in  his 
character,  especially  as  to  the  disinterested  part  of  it.  On 
the  whole  it  must  be  acknowledged,  that  he  had  those  quali- 
ties which  none  but  a  Great  Man  can  have,  with  a  mixture 
of  some  of  those  failings,  which  are  the  common  lot  of 
wretched  and  imperfect  human  nature." 


96  THE    GUOST. 

And  Poverty  was  yoked  with  Pride  ; 
Union  most  strange  it  must  appear,  vms 

Till  other  Unions  make  it  clear. 
Next  in  the  gall  of  bittei'ness, 
With  rage,  which  words  can  ill  express, 
With  unforgiving  rage,  which  springs 
From  a  false  zeal  for  holy  things,  nio 

Wearing  such  robes  as  prophets  wear, 
False  prophets  placed  in  Peter's  chair, 
On  which,  in  characters  of  fire. 
Shapes  antic,  horrible,  and  dire 
Inwoven  flamed,  where,  to  the  view,  ins 

In  groups  appear'd  a  rabble  crew 
Of  sainted  devils,  where,  all  round, 
Vile  relics  of  vile  men  were  found. 
Who,  worse  than  devils,  from  the  birth 
Perform'd  the  work  of  hell  on  earth,  itm 

Jugglers,  Inquisitors,  and  Popes, 
Pointing  at  axes,  wheels,  and  ropes, 
And  engines,  framed  on  horrid  plan. 
Which  none  but  the  destroyer,  man 
Could,  to  promote  his  selfish  vieAvs,  1725 

Have  head  to  make  or  heart  to  use, 
Bearing,  to  consecrate  her  tricks, 
In  her  left  hand  a  crucifix, 
"  Remembrance  of  our  dying  Lord," 
And  in  her  right  a  two-edged  sword,  1730 

Having  her  brows,  in  impious  sport, 
Adorn'd  with  words  of  high  import, 
"  On  earth  peace,  amongst  men,  good  will, 


THE    GHOST.  97 

Love  bearing,  and  forbearing  still," 

All  wrote  in  the  hearts'  blood  of  those  1735 

Who  rather  death  than  falsehood  chose : 

On  her  breast,  (where,  in  days  of  yore, 

When  God  loved  Jews,  the  High  Priest  wore 

Those  oracles  which  wei'e  deci'ecd 

To  instruct  and  guide  the  chosen  seed)  nw 

1729  And  on  his  breste  a  bloodie  crosse  he  bore, 
The  deare  remembrance  of  his  dying  Lorde. 

Faene  Queene. 

1738  The  Rational,  a  plate  composed  of  precious  stones, 
■which  the  High  Priest  of  the  Jews  wore  on  his  breast;  and 
which,  by  its  resplendent  brightness,  before  an  engagement, 
manifested  the  protection  of  heaven,  and  prognosticated  vic- 
tory to  the  chosen  people. 

For  a  description  of  the  Rational,  or  Breastplate  of  Judg- 
ment, as  it  is  called  in  our  translation,  see  Exodus,  ch.  xxviii. 
To  this  ornament  was  annexed  the  privilege  granted  to  the 
High  Priest,  of  always  pronouncing  true  and  righteous  judg- 
ments, or  being  endowed  with  the  Urim  and  the  Thummim, 
Lights  and  Perfections,  the  former  of  which  presen-ed  the 
High  Priest  from  being  deceived  himself,  and  the  latter  pre- 
vented his  deceiving  others.  These  words  gave  rise  to  a  warm 
controversy.  Some  learned  authors  contending  that  they 
formed  the  inscription  on  the  Breastplate;  others,  with  the 
poet,  thought  them  the  names  of  some  visible  ornament 
attached  to  it,  consisting  of  so  many  precious  stones,  Avhose 
shining  lustre,  according  to  their  different  radiations,  produced 
a  kind  of  oracular  language,  which  informed  the  High  Priest 
of  the  will  of  God.  Hardouin  holds  the  better  explanation  to 
be,  that  the  two  words  were  expressive  of  the  gifts  imparted 
to  the  High  Priest,  and  to  be  exactly — as  the  Vulgate  has  it, 
Doctrina  et  Veritas;  light  to  know  the  will  of  the  Lord,  and 
candour  and  integrity  of  heart  to  reveal  and  declare  it  fully, 
after  it  is  known,  to  his  people. 

VOL.  III.  7 


k 


98  THE    GHOST. 

Having  with  glory  clad  and  strength, 

The  Virgin  pictured  at  full  length, 

Whilst  at  her  feet,  in  small  pourtray'd. 

As  scarce  worth  notice,  Christ  was  laid. 

Came  Superstition,  fierce  and  fell,  1745 

An  imp  detested,  e'en  in  hell ; 

Her  eye  inflamed,  her  face  all  o'er 

Foully  hesmcar'd  with  human  gore. 

O'er  heaps  of  mangled  saints  she  rode  ; 

Fast  at  her  heels  Death  proudly  strode,  nso 

And  grimly  smiled,  well  pleased  to  see 

Such  havoc  of  mortality  : 

Close  by  her  side,  on  mischief  bent. 

And  urging  on  each  bad  intent. 

To  its  full  bearing,  savage,  wild,  1:55 

The  mother  fit  of  such  a  child. 

Striving  the  empire  to  advance 

Of  Sin  and  Death,  came  Ignorance. 

With  looks,  where  dread  command  was  placed, 
And  sovereign  power  by  pride  disgraced,  noo 

Where,  loudly  witnessing  a  mind 
Of  savage,  more  than  human  kind, 
Not  choosing  to  be  loved,  but  fear'd, 
Mocking  at  right,  Misrule  appear'd, 
With  eyeballs  glaring  fiery  red,  ms 

Enough  to  strike  beholders  dead, 
Gnashing  his  teeth,  and  in  a  flood 
Pouring  corruption  forth  and  blood 
From  his  chafed  jaws ;  without  remorse 
Whipping,  and  spurring  on  his  horse,  two 

Whose  sides,  in  their  own  blood  embay'd. 


THE    GHOST.  99 

E'en  to  the  bone  were  open  laid, 

Came  Tyranny,  disdaining  awe, 

And  trampling  over  sense  and  law  ; 

One  thing,  and  only  one,  he  knew,  1775 

One  object  only  would  pursue  ; 

Though  less  (so  low  doth  passion  bring) 

Than  man,  he  would  be  more  than  kinjr. 

With  every  argument  and  art 
Which  might  corrupt  the  head  and  heart,  mo 

Soothing  the  frenzy  of  his  mind, 
Companion  meet,  was  Flattery  join'd ; 
Winning  his  carriage,  every  look 
Employed,  whilst  it  conceal'd  a  hook ; 
When  simple  most,  most  to  be  fear'd ;  ires 

Most  crafty,  when  no  craft  appear'd ; 
His  tales,  no  man  like  him  could  tell ; 
His  words,  which  melted  as  they  fell, 
Might  even  a  hypocrite  deceive, 
And  make  an  infidel  believe,  1790 

Wantonly  cheating  o'er  and  o'er 
Those  who  had  cheated  been  before. 
Such  Flattery  came,  in  evil  hour. 
Poisoning  the  royal  ear  of  power. 
And,  grown  by  prostitution  great,  1795 

Would  be  first  minister  of  state. 

Within  the  chariot,  all  alone, 
High  seated  on  a  kind  of  throne. 
With  pebbles  graced,  a  figure  came. 
Whom  Justice  would,  but  dare  not,  name.         ieoo 
Hard  times  when  Justice,  without  fear, 
Dare  not  bring  forth  to  public  ear 


100  TIIU;    GHOST. 

The  names  of  those  who  dare  offend 

'Gainst  justice,  and  pervert  her  end ! 

But,  if  the  Muse  afford  me  grace,  isos 

Description  shall  supply  the  place. 

In  foreign  garments  he  was  clad ; 
Sage  ermine  o'er  tlie  glossy  plaid 
Cast  r(;verend  honour ;  on  his  heart. 
Wrought  by  the  curious  hand  of  Art,  isio 

In  silver  wrought,  and  brighter  far 
Than  heavenly  or  than  earthly  star, 
Shone  a  White  Rose,  the  emblem  dear 
Of  him  he  ever  must  revei'e, 
Of  that  dread  lord,  who,  with  his  host  isis 

Of  faithful  native  rebels  lost. 
Like  those  black  spirits  doom'd  to  hell,  ' 
At  once  from  power  and  virtue  fell : 
Around  his  clouded  brows  was  placed 
A  bonnet,  most  superbly  graced  is^o 

With  mighty  thistles,  nor  foi-got 
The  sacred  motto — "  Touch  me  not." 

In  the  right  hand  a  sword  he  bore 
Harder  than  adamant,  and  more 
Fatal  than  winds,  which  from  the  mouth  1325 

Of  the  rough  North  invade  the  South ; 
The  reeking  blade  to  view  presents 
The  blood  of  helpless  innocents, 
And  on  the  hilt,  as  meek  become 
As  lambs  before  the  shearers  dumb,  1330 

With  downcast  eye,  and  solemn  show 
Of  deep  unutterable  woe, 
Mourning  the  time  when  Freedom  reign'd, 


THE    GHOST.  101 

Fast  to  a  rock  was  Justice  chain'd. 

In  his  left  hand,  in  wax  imprest,  isss 

With  bells  and  gewgaws  idly  drest, 
An  image,  cast  in  baby  mould, 
He  held,  and  seem'd  o'erjoy'd  to  hold : 
On  this  he  fix'd  his  eyes ;  to  this 
Bowing,  he  gave  the  loyal  kiss,  i84o 

And,  for  rebellion  fully  ripe, 
Seem'd  to  desire  the  antitype. 
What  if  to  that  Pretender's  foes 
His  greatness,  nay,  his  life,  he  owes  ? 
Shall  common  obligations  bind,  1845 

And  shake  his  constancy  of  mind  ? 
Scorning  such  Aveak  and  petty  chains, 
Faithful  to  James  he  still  remains 
Though  he  the  friend  of  George  appear : 
Dissimulation's  virtue  here.  i85o 

Jealous  and  mean  he  with  a  frown 
Would  awe,  and  keep  all  merit  down, 
Nor  would  to  truth  and  justice  bend, 

1848  Alluding  to  the  Earl  of  Mansfield's  original  predilection 
for  the  Pretender,  as  had  been  manifested  by  drinking  his 
health  at  a  Jacobitical  club  of  young  men  at  the  University. 
His  brother  also  was  in  the  immediate  service  of  the  exiled 
family,  and  took  an  active  part  with  others  of  his  clan  in 
measures  for  their  restoration.  It  is  not  uncharitable  to  sup- 
pose that  Lord  Mansfield  was  prepared  to  retain  his  high  office, 
whoever  occupied  the  highest. 

1854  The  amenity  of  Lord  Mansfield's  habits  indisposed  him 
for  controversial  wrangling  with  his  colleagues,  to  avoid  which 
he  too  often  submitted  in  council  to  the  boisterous  vehemence 
of  Sir  Fletcher  Norton,  rather  than  to  his  arguments. 


102 


THE    GHOST. 


Unless  out-bullied  by  his  friend: 

Brave  Avith  the  coward,  with  the  brave  lass 

He  is  liimself  a  coward  slave  : 

Awed  by  his  fears,  he  has  no  heart 

To  take  a  great  and  open  part : 

Mines  in  a  subtle  train  he  springs, 

And,  secret,  saps  the  ears  of  kings  ;  im 

But  not  e'en  there  continues  firm 

'Gainst  the  resistance  of  a  worm  : 

Born  in  a  country,  where  the  will 

Of  one  is  law  to  all,  he  still 

Retain'd  the  infection,  with  full  aim  isss 

To  spread  it  wheresoe'er  he  came  ; 

Freedom  he  hated,  law  defied, 

The  prostitute  of  power  and  pride  ; 

Law  lie  with  ease  explains  away, 

And  leads  bewilder'd  Sense  astray  ;  im 

Much  to  the  credit  of  his  brain, 

Puzzles  the  cause  he  can't  maintain, 

Proceeds  on  most  familiar  grounds, 

And  where  he  can't  convince  confounds  : 

Talents  of  rarest  stamp  and  size,  isrs 

To  Nature  false,  he  misapplies, 

And  turns  to  poison  what  was  sent 

For  purposes  of  nourishment. 

Paleness,  not  such  as  on  his  wings 

The  messenger  of  sickness  brings,  isso 

But  such  as  takes  its  coward  rise 

From  conscious  baseness,  conscious  vice, 

O'erspread  his  cheeks  ;  disdain  and  pride, 


THE    GHOST.  103 

To  upstart  fortunes  ever  tied, 

ScowFd  on  his  brow ;  Avithin  his  eye  lass 

Insidious,  lurking  like  a  spy. 

To  caution  principled  by  fear, 

Not  daring  open  to  appear. 

Lodged  covert  mischief:  passion  hung 

On  his  lip  quivering:  on  his  tongue  i39o 

Fraud  dwelt  at  large :  within  his  breast 

All  that  makes  villain  found  a  nest ; 

All  that,  on  hell's  completest  plan, 

E'er  join'd  to  damn  the  heart  of  man. 

Soon  as  the  car  reach'd  land,  he  rose,  isss 

And  with  a  look  which  might  have  froze 
The  heart's  best  blood,  which  was  enough 
Had  hearts  been  made  of  sterner  stuff 
In  cities  than  elsewhere,  to  make 
The  very  stoutest  quail  and  quake,  isoo 

He  cast  his  baleful  eyes  around : 
Fix'd  without  motion  to  the  ground, 
Fear  waiting  on  surprise,  all  stood, 
And  horror  chill'd  their  curdled  blood ; 
No  more  they  thought  of  pomp,  no  more  isos 

(For  they  had  seen  his  face  before) 
Of  law  they  thought ;  the  cause  forgot, 
Whether  it  was  or  Ghost,  or  plot, 
Which  drew  them  there :  they  all  stood  more 
Like  statues  than  they  were  before.  isio 

What  could  be  done  ?  Could  art,  could  force. 
Or  both,  direct  a  proper  course 
To  make  this  savage  monster  tame. 


104  THE    GHOST. 

Or  send  him  back  the  way  he  came? 

What  neither  art,  nor  force,  nor  both,  isis 

Could  do,  a  Lord  of  foreign  growth, 
A  Lord  to  that  base  wretch  allied 
In  country,  not  in  vice  and  pride, 
Effected  ;  from  the  self-same  land, 
(Bad  news  for  our  blaspheming  band  i^^o 

Of  scribblers,  but  deserving  note) 
The  poison  came  and  antidote. 
Abash'd,  the  monster  hung  his  head, 
And  like  an  empty  vision  fled  ; 
His  train,  like  virgin  snows,  which  run,  i»^ 

Kiss'd  by  the  burning  bawdy  sun, 
To  lovesick  streams,  dissolved  in  air; 
Joy,  who  from  absence  seem'd  more  fair,  | 

Came  smiling,  freed  from  slavish  awe ;  | 

Loyalty,  Liberty,  and  Law,  i93o  \ 

Impatient  of  the  galling  chain,  ' 

And  yoke  of  power,  resumed  their  reign  ; 
And,  burning  with  the  glorious  flame 
Of  public  virtue,  Mansfield  came.  1334 

1934  Churchill  gave  added  point  to  his  satire,  and  at  the 
same  time  evaded  legal  animadversion  by  thus  introducing 
the  name  of  his  victim  in  apparent  but  ironical  contrast  with 
a  preceding  elaborate  and  exaggerated,  but  still  not  to  be 
mistaken  delineation  of  the  darker  shades  of  his  character. 


SUPPLEMENTAL    NOTES. 

64  The  reins  thai  fell  from  Wyndham's  hand. 

Charles  Wyxdham,  Earl  of  Egremont,  joint  secretary 
of  state  with  tlie  Earl  of  Halifax,  and  son  of  the  celebrated 
Sir  William  Wyndham,  chancellor  of  the  exchequer  in  the 
reign  of  Queen  Anne.  Lord  Egremont  died  suddenly  iu 
August,  1763,  shortly  after  actions  at  law  had  been  commenced 
against  him  and  his  colleague  by  Wilkes  for  the  illegal  seizure 
of  his  papers.  He  was  succeeded  in  office  by  Lord  Sandwich. 
It  was  observed  at  the  time  that  Lords  Egremont  and  Halifax 
owed  their  immunitj'  from  much  of  the  poet's  wonted  strain 
of  invective  against  all  the  active  opponents  of  Wilkes,  to 
their  not  being  Scotchmen ;  but  this  plea  certainly  did  not 
avail  in  favour  of  the  Earl  of  Sandwich. 

0  had  but  fate  to  Halifax  decreed. 
The  seat  of  birth  on  t'  other  side  the  Tweed, 
-  Had  some  bleak  shire  of  penury  the  reign, 
More  starved  than  Famine's  prophecy  can  feign, 
But  given  him  title,  in  the  general  ban, 
We  with  the  country  had  o'erwhelm'd  the  man, 
There  like  Enceladus  had  lain  oppress'd, 
With  half  an  Island  heavy  on  his  breast. 

79  Whose  heads,  ichen  other  methods  fail, 
Receive  instruction  from  the  tail. 

Whatever  difference  of  opinion  may  exist  as  to  the  expe- 
diency or  propriety  of  flogging  in  the  army,  the  greater  degree 
of  classical  and  scholastic  eminence  attained  by  the  pupils  of 
Doctors  Busby  and  Biixh,  from  what  has  resulted  from  a  more 
lenient  regime,  confirms  the  doctrine  laid  down  by  Butler,  in 
his  Hudibras,  that 

"  Canons  shoot  the  higher  pitches 
The  lower  you  let  down  their  breeches." 


106  SUPPLEMENTAL   NOTES. 

206  To  put  eyes  in  as  put  them  mit. 

John  Taylor,  the  editor  of  the  Sun  evening  paper,  was 
originally  an  oculist,  in  which  business  he  succeeded  tlie  no- 
torious chevalier,  his  father,  on  whose  death  he  was  appointed 
oculist  to  the  King;  early  in  life  he  published  a  volume  of 
poems  with  this  motto  in  the  title  page: 

I  left  no  calling  for  this  idle  trade. 

Upon  which  his  friend  Colman  aptly  retorted, 

For  none  were  blind  enough  to  seek  thy  aid. 

Later  in  life  Taylor  republished  those  poems  with  others, 
including  Mon.  Tonson,  the  only  lines  by  which  he  is  now 
remembered,  and  we  are  induced  to  quote,  by  way  of  coun- 
terpart to  the  exaggerated  sanction  mentioned  in  vol.  ii.  p. 
317,  as  having  been  given  by  Lord  Chesterfield  to  Mallet; 
the  following  extract  of  a  letter  from  Lord  Byron  blazoned  in 
the  title-page,  and  who  must  have  had  a'  very  unusual  acces 
either  of  good  nature  or  of  bad  taste  when  he  wrote  it. 

Dear  Sir — I  have  to  thank  you  for  a  volume  written  in 
the  good  old  style  of  our  Elders  and  our  Betters,  which  I  am 
glad  to  see  is  not  yet  extinct.  Yours,  Byron. 

John  Taylor  died  in  1832,  and  not  in  1829,  as  stated  in 
p.  23. 

225  E'en  Annet  censured  and  conjined* 
This  man,  in  addition  to  the    publication   mentioned  in 
p.  25,  wrote  a  book  called  "  The  Resurrection  of  Jesus  con- 

*  Strong  representations  were  made  to  the  Government  of 
the  mexpediency  of  inflicting  the  sentence  of  pillory  and  im- 
prisonment on  so  aged  and  apparently  mild  an  individual ; 
Lord  Bute  appeared  disposed  in  the  first  instance  to  accede 
to  a  mitigation  of  it,  but  on  a  second  interview  with  a  noble 
advocate  for  Annet,  the  minister  said  that  he  had  just  had 
Archbishop  Seeker  with  him,  in  high  displeasure  at  the  sug- 
gestion, and  insisting  on  the  full  enforcement  of  the  sentence, 
and  which  was  accordingly  inflicted  to  the  letter. 


SUPPLEMENTAL    NOTES.  107 

sidered  by  a  Moral  Philosopher,"  which  was  answered  by 
Dr.  Samuel  Chandler,  F.  R.  S.,  the  celebrated  nonconformist 
divine.  Annet  was  one  of  that  series  of  philosophers  as  they 
have  called  themselves,  who  in  succession  have  repeated  the 
same  trite  objections  to  revelation,  and  as  often  as  they  have 
been  refuted  have  returned  to  their  dirty  work  again, 
Condorcet  filtered  through  the  dregs  of  Paine. 

Among  the  earliest  in  the  English  list  was  Lord  Herbert  of 
Cherbury,  who  with  Hobbes  presented  the  incongruous  but 
not  unusual  spectacle  of  infidels  beheving  in  visions,  and  in- 
stinctively apprehensive  of  demons  and  darkness ;  to  them 
succeeded  Shaftesbury  and  Bolingbroke  with  a  minor  swarm 
of  Tindals,  Cbubbs,  Woolstons,  Mandevilles,  and  Annets, 
and  the  class  has  at  length  dwindled  down  to,  if  not  expired, 
with  the  coarse  blasphemy  of  Richard  Carlile,  and  the  always 
mischievous  but  happUy  not  always  intelligible  gibberish  of 
Jeremy  Bentham. 

*>6  For  present  grand  electioneering. 

H.  "Walpole,  in  a  letter  to  Lady  Aylesbury  at  Paris,  thus 
adverts  to  the  warm  canvass  then  in  progress. 

"  But  what  care  you.  Madam,  about  our  parliaments;  you 
will  see  the  ventre  of  the  old  one  with  songs  and  epigrams  into 
the  bargain.  We  do  not  shift  our  parliaments  with  so  much 
gayety.  Jloney  in  one  hajid  and  abuse  in  the  other,  these  are 
all  the  arts  we  know;  wit  and  a  gamut  I  don't  believe  ever 
signified  a  parliament,  whatever  the  glossaries  may  say,  for 
they  never  produce  pleasantry  and  harmony.  Perhaps  you 
may  taste  this  Saxon  pun,  but  I  know  it  will  make  the  anti- 
quarian society  die  with  laughing." 

The  following  letter  from  Colonel  N.  Berkeley  to  his  con- 
stituents, who  had  presumed  to  instruct  him  in  his  duty  as  to 
the  Excise  bill  then  in  agitation,  has  by  no  means  lost  its  value 
as  a  precedent  under  the  nova  progenies  of  the  Reform  Bill. 

"  Gentlemen — Yours  I  received,  and  am  very  much  sur- 
prised at  your  insolence  in  troubling  me  about  the  Excise. 
You  know,  what  I  know  very  well,  that  I  bought  you.  I  know 
what  perhaps  you  think  I  don't  know,  that  you  are  about  sel- 
ling yourselves  to  somebody  else,  and  I  know  what  perhaps 
you  don't  know,  that  I  am  now  about  buying  another  borough. 


108  SUPPLEMENTAL    NOTES. 

And  now  may  the  curse  of  God  light  upon  you  all,  and  may 
your  houses  be  as  common  to  excisemen,  as  your  wives  and 
daughters  were  to  me  wiieu  I  stood  candidate  lor  your  suf- 
frages." 

627   Eere  she  made  lordly  temples  rise 
Befcrre  Vie  pious  Dashwood's  eyes; 
Temples,  tchich,  built  ahft  in  air, 
May  serve  for  shew,  if  not  for  prayer . 
In  addition  to  the  short  note  on  these  lines  in  vol.  ii. 
p.  101,  we  subjoin  an  account  of  West  Wycombe  Church,  built 
at  the  charge  of  Sir  Francis  Dashwood,  afterwards  Lord  Le 
Despenser,  given   in  Wilkes's   most  playful  style,  alluding 
also  to   some  negotiations  for  compromise  of  his  political 
differences  with  the  recent  associate  of  his  profligacies. 

"  The  word  memento  in  immense  letters  on  the  steeple  sur- 
prised and  perplexed  me.  I  could  not  find  the  word  mm,  or 
perhaps  the  other  word  was  meri,  from  the  practice  as  well  as 
the  precept  of  the  noble  Lord.  As  to  the  elegance  of  the 
Latin,  his  Lordship  has  embarrassed  himself  as  little  about 
that  as  he  has  about  the  elegance  of  his  English.  Memento 
mori  is  besides  more  monkish,  and  therefore  more  becoming 
St.  Francis.  This  conjecture  that  the  other  word  on  the 
outside  must  be  meri.  is  farther  strengtiiencd  by  the  magnifi- 
cent gilt  ball  at  the  top  of  the  steeple,  which  is  hollowed,  and 
made  so  very  convenient  in  the  inside  for  the  celebration,  not 
of  devotional  but  of  convivial  rites,  that  it  is  the  best  Globe 
Tavern  I  was  ever  in;  but  I  must  own  I  was  afraid  my 
descent  from  it  would  have  been  as  precipitate  as  his  Lord- 
ship's was  from  a  high  station,  which  turned  his  head  too.  I 
admire,  likewise,  the  silence  and  secrecy  which  reign  in  that 
great  globe  undisturbed,  but  by  his  jolly  songs,  very  unfit  for 
the  profane  ears  of  the  world  below.  As  to  secrecy,  it  is  the 
most  convenient  place  imaginable,  and  it  is  whispered  that  a 
negotiation  was  here  entame  by  the  noble  Lord  himself  with 
Messrs.  Wilkes  and  Churchill.  The  event  will  shew  the 
amazing  power  of  his  Lordship's  oratory,  but  if  from  perverse- 
ness  neither  of  these  gentlemen  then  yielded  to  his  wise  rea- 
sons, nor  to  his  dazzling  offers,  they  were  both  delighted  with 
his  divine  milk  punch." 


SUPPLEMENTAL   NOTES.  109 

633  There  over  Melcombe^s  feathered  head. 

Lord  Melcombe  was  unfortunate  in  having,  as  editor  of  his 
Diary,  Mr.  Penruddocke  Wyndham,  a  gentleman,  who,  in  his 
preface,  professing  unwonted  purity  of  principle,  took  upon 
himself,  with  unmeasured  severity,  to  stigmatize  his  noble 
relation's  conduct  as  having  been  altogether  influenced  by 
the  basest  motives  of  avarice,  vanity,  and  selfishness.  Hard 
words  these  towards  a  statesman  who  had  the  nalvet(5  to  give 
the  real  clue  to  all  the  political  intrigues  of  those  days,  and 
equally  applicable  to  the  present;  whether  whig  or  tory, 
whether  civil  and  religious  liberty,  or  church  extension  are 
the  party  symbols,  it  is  still,  according  to  the  motto  to  the 
Diary,  All  for  quaeter  day. 

750  And  cure  the  Feverette  of  Brown. 

Dr.  Brown,  a  far  wiser  and  better  man  than  Jeremy  Ben- 
tham,  made  himself  equally  ridiculous  by  that  overweening 
vanity  which  led  each  of  them  to  suppose  himself  capable 
of  legislating  for  a  great  state.  The  following  letters  from 
Brown  to  Garrick  amusingly  develop  the  absurdity  of  the 
expectations  entertained  by  the  codeficator,  which,  however, 
in  his  case,  produced  a  fatal  termination :  See  p.  44,  note. 

Dear  sir — Another,  and  still  more  serious  circumstance 
I  must  infonn  you  of,  that  I  have  lately  been  invited  to  assist 
in  the  civilization  of  a  great  empire.  I  have  had  letters  from 
Russia  which  do  me  more  honour  than  I  can  pretend  to  de- 
serve, but  which  I  have  answered  in  such  a  manner  as  may 
probably  carry  me  to  Petersburg  in  a  summer  or  two.  The 
Empress  is  aiming  at  great  things,  but  seems  to  me  to  be 
wandering  in  the  dark.  I  have  sent  a  general  sketch  of  a 
plan,  which,  by  this  time,  is  laid  before  her  Imperial  Majesty. 
Whether  the  whole  or  any  part  of  it  may  be  adopted,  I  cannot 
yet  say ;  if  it  should,  you  will  probably,  some  time  or  other, 
see,  "A  System  of  Legislation  for  the  Eussian  Empire." 

Yours  ever, 

John  Brown. 

December  16, 1762. 
Dear  sir — Why  did  you  not  tell  me  that  you  was  to  go 
out  of  town  to-night  ?    I  would  have  seen  you  in  spite  of  all 


110  SUPPLEMENTAL    NOTES. 

obstacles.  As  it  is  otherwise,  I  cannot  omit  this  opportunity 
of  tlianlting  you  for  your  friendly  letter.  Your  caution  is 
well  fciunded;  on  what  you  (and  I  too)  know  of  the  impetu- 
osity of  my  temper;  and  it  will  certainly  put  me  more  on  my 
guard,  than  I  should  have  been  without  it.  However,  to  let 
you  see,  that  in  theory,  at  least,  I  am  tolerably  prudent  on  this 
occasion;  I  will  transcribe  the  concluding  paragraph  of  my 
letter  to  the  I'rime  Minister  of  the  Russian  Empire.  "  I  will 
take  the  liberty  to  observe  to  your  Excellency,  that  I  think 
my  purpose  in  coming  to  Petersburg  cannot  be  too  little 
talked  of,  either  before  my  arrival,  or  when  I  am  there.  It 
will  be  but  for  a  foreigner  silently  to  make  his  observations  on 
the  state  of  the  Empire;  and  in  the  time  and  manner  which 
prudence  may  dictate,  convei-t  them  to  their  proper  use.  This 
will  prevent  jealousies,  and  tend  gradually  to  carry  forward 
those  salutary  designs,  which  will  be  most  surely  established 
by  being  insensibly  begun."  Prudence  herself !  in  theory. 
Yet  I  know,  by  experience,  that  I  have  an  unconquerable 
tendency  to  bolt  out  truths,  independent  of  the  consequences 
they  may  produce.  Therefore,  again,  I  say,  thank  you  for 
your  good  advice.  I  will  endeavour  to  follow  it.  As  to  the 
point  you  speak  of;  it  would  certainly  be  dangerous  to  carry 
it  so  far  as  to  think  of  removing  the  seat  of  Empire. 

That  is  certainly  too  much  to  think  of:  but  to  reinstate  the 
city  of  Moscow  in  some  degree  of  splendour,  and  to  make  it 
one  of  the  two  seats  of  art  and  science,  I  think  is  not  so  dan- 
gerous a  proposal.  However,  nothing  of  this  kind  will  I  say 
to  any  soul  living  but  the  Empress  herself,  and  that  with  great 
caution.  But  let  me  be  fairly  at  home  again,  and  then  if  I 
do  not  tell  them  my  mind  at  large,  in  a  general  and  connected 
plan  of  legislation,  may  I  be  knouted  to  death  by  the  metro- 
politan of  Novogorod  or  Moscow !     Yours  truly, 

John  Brown. 

Dr.  Brown  had  probably  incurred  the  satirist's  displeasure 
by  having  taken,  as  he  was  wont  to  do,  the  same  freedom  of 
criticism  in  conversation  as  he  did  in  writing,  as  appears  in  a 
letter  to  Garrick,  in  which  this  observation  occurs:  "I  do  not 
like  your  friend  Churchill's  third  book  of  the  Ghost;  to  talk 


SUPPLEMENTAL    NOTES.  Ill 

in  the  gi"and  epic  style,  it  has  neither  beginning,  nor  middle, 
nor  end;  It  is  crammed  with  personal  abuse,  and  that  thrown 
on  people  who  did  not  deserve  it  for  aught  that  appears.  It 
is  obscure;  here  and  there  a  good  line,  but  many  of  the  me- 
diocre rank  in  my  opinion.  In  short,  he  will  scribble  himself 
down  in  spite 'of  genius." 

1058  The  armorial  ensigus  of  the  two  Temples,  a  horse 
and  a  lamb,  have  given  rise  to  sundrj^  obvious  and  appro- 
priate jeux  d'esprit,  and  few  more  worthy  of  preservation 
than  the  following : 

ON  THE   TEMPLAKS. 

As  by  the  Templars  holds  you  go, 

The  horse  and  lamb  displayed. 
In  emblematic  figures  shew 

The  merits  of  their  trade. 

The  client  may  infer  from  thence. 

How  just  is  their  profession; 
The  lamb  sets  forth  their  innocence. 

The  horse  their  expedition. 

0  happy  Britons,  happy  isle ! 

Let  foreign  nations  say, 
Where  you  get  justice  without  guile. 

And  Law  without  delay ! 

THE  ANSWER. 

Deluded  men,  these  holds  forego. 

Nor  trust  such  cunning  elves; 
These  artful  emblems  tend  to  shew 

Their  clients,  not  themselves. 

'Tis  all  a  trick,  these  are  all  charms 
By  which  they  mean  to  cheat  }'ou ; 

But  have  a  care,  for  you're  the  lambs, 
And  they  the  wolves  that  eat  you. 

Nor  let  the  thoughts  of  no  delay. 
To  these  their  courts  misguide  you ; 

'Tis  you're  the  shewy  horse,  and  they 
The  jockeys  that  will  ride  you. 


112  SUPPLEMENTAL    NOTES. 

liTS  Be  Hunter  elegant  and  plain. 

The  poet  was  not  happy  in  his  selection  of  female  excel- 
lence, if  he  wished  to  combine  it  in  this  instance  with  beauty 
and  simplicity.  This  young  lady's  elopement  with  the  Earl 
of  Pembroke,  has  already  been  mentioned  in  vol.  ii.  p.  302,  it 
excited  infinite  interest  in  the  fashionable  world,  and  the 
event  was  thus  communicated  by  Horace  Walpole  to  his 
friend  Conway,  "  In  all  your  reading,  true  or  false,  have  you 
ever  heard  of  a  young  earl,  married  to  the  most  beautiful 
woman  in  the  world,  a  lord  of  the  bed-chamber,  a  general 
officer,  and  with  a  great  estate,  quitting  every  thing,  resigning 
wife  and  world,  and  embarking  for  life  in  a  packet-boat  with 
a  Miss?  I  fear  your  connexions  will  but  too  readily  lead  you 
to  the  name  of  the  peer;  it  is  Henry,  the  Earl  of  Pembroke; 
the  nymph,  Kitty  Hunter.  The  town  and  Lady  Pembroke 
■were  but  too  much  witnesses  to  their  intrigue,  last  Wednes- 
day, at  a  great  ball  at  Lord  Middleton's.  On  Thursday  they 
decamped.  However,  that  the  writer  of  their  romance,  or  I, 
as  he  is  a  noble  author^  might  not  want  materials,  the  Earl  has 
left  a  bushel  of  letters  behind  him ;  to  his  mother,  to  Lord 
Bute,  to  Lord  Ligonior  (the  two  last  to  resign  his  employ- 
ments) and  to  Jlr.  Stopford,  whom  he  acquits  of  all  privity 
to  his  design.  In  none  he  justifies  himself,  unless  this  is  a 
justification,  that  having  long  tried  in  vain  to  make  his  wife 
hate  and  dislike  him,  he  had  no  way  left  but  this,  and  it  is 
to  be  hoped  he  will  succeed;  and  then  it  may  not  be  the 
worst  event  that  could  happen  to  her." 

1191  The  time  at  hand  ivhen  Dulman  led. 

The  Lord  Mayor  for  1761-2,  thus  designated,  was  Sir  Samuel 
Fludyer,  aBlackwell  Hall  factor  of  the  first  eminence.  His  ori- 
gin was  so  low  as  to  be  employed  in  attending  the  packhorses 
then  used  in  transporting  cloth  from  the  western  counties  to 
London.  By  great  industrj',  a  spirit  of  entei'prise  and  good 
fortune,  he  acquired  prodigious  wealth,  and  arrived  at  great  im- 
portance in  the  commercial  world,  and  without  much  abating 
from  a  continued  attention  to  the  objects  of  his  extensive  com- 
merce, he  lived  in  all  the  taste  and  luxury  of  nobility  to  which 
he  had,  by  a  second  marriage,  allied  himself. 


SUPPLEMENTAL    NOTES.  113 

lu  consequence  of  a  strong  combination  of  interests  against 
him,  he  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  to  represent  the  city 
of  London  in  the  House  of  Commons,  but  sat  in  several  par- 
liaments for  Chippenham. 

Soon  after  his  splendid  entertainment  as  Lord  Mayor  to  the 
King  and  Roj'al  Family  at  Guildhall,  his  besetting  sin  of 
avarice  got  the  better  of  his  ordinary  caution,  cast  a  cloud 
over  his  reputation,  and  is  supposed  to  liavc  shortened  his  life. 

In  his  capacity  of  assignee  of  a  baulirupt's  estate,  the 
creditors  impugned  not  only  his  judgment  but  his  integrity, 
and  on  a  hearing  before  Lord  Camden,  those  imputations 
were  confinned,  and  a  discovery  was  at  the  same  time  made 
of  a  contraband  trade  he  had  carried  on  in  scarlet  cloth,  to 
the  detriment  of  the  East  India  Company.  A  decree  passed 
against  him  delivered  in  terms  of  severe  animadversion.  Sir 
Samuel,  who  was  present  in  court,  sunk  beneath  the  chas- 
tisement, and  did  not  long  survive  it. 

Beckford,  his  successor  in  the  mayoralty  gave  four  enter- 
tainments far  more  costly  and  magnificent  than  that  given  by 
his  predecessor  to  Royalty,  or  indeed  on  any  occasion  since 
the  days  of  Henry  VIIL  when  the  Emperor  Charles  V.  was 
feasted  at  Guildhall.  One  of  Beckford's  evening  entertain- 
ments at  the  Mansion  House  cost  him  above  £10,000. 

The  principal  opponent  in  the  court  of  Aldennen  to  the 
Wilkites,  was  the  Honourable  Alderman  Thomas  Harley, 
who  had  ingratiated  himself  with  the  administration  by  per 
sonally  seizing  the  Boot  {Bute)  and  Petticoat,  typical  of  the 
Favourite  and  the  Princess  Dowager,  which  the  mob  were 
throwing  into  the  fire  lighted  by  the  Sheriffs,  for  burning 
No.  45  of  the  North  Briton  by  order  of  the  House  of  Lords. 

The  constant  allusion  throughout  the  Fourth  book  of  the 
Ghost  to  the  Lord  Mayor  and  officers  of  the  corporation  of 
London,  renders  it  convenient  to  give  a  list  of  them  for  the 
year  1761-2,  but  who  have  left  no  sufficiently  enduring  me- 
morial of  their  merits  to  deteimine  to  which  of  them  to  apply 
the  characters  in  the  poem,  and  therefore,  while  Dulman 
and  Crape  very  clearly  represent  the  Lord  Mayor  and  his 
Chaplain,  the  designations  of  Stentor  and  Whiffle  must  float 
in  uncertainty  over  the  remaining  worthy  functionaries. 
VOL.  III.  8 


114  SUPPLEMENTAL    NOTES. 

Lord  Mayor Sir  S.  Fludyer,  Bart.  M.  P. 

Chaplain Rev.  Dr.  Bruce. 

Recorder Sir  W.  Moreton,  knt. 

Deputy  Recorder James    Eyre,   Esq.,    afterwards 

Lord  Chief  Baron,  who  in 
1794  presided  at  tlie  trials  of 
Tookc,  Hardy,  and  Thelwall. 

Town  Clerk Sir  James  Hodges,  knt. 

Common  Serjeant Thomas  Nugent,  Esq. 

Remembrancer Peter  Roberts,  Esq. 

City  Solicitor W.  Hussey,  Esq. 

Comptroller Dutton  Seaman,  Esq. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Samuel  Bruce  was  also  preacher  at  Somerset 
Chapel,  which  he  had  held  several  years,  having  printed  a 
sermon  preached  on  occasion  of  the  rebellion  of  1745.  His 
patron.  Sir  Samuel  Fludyer,  obtained  for  him,  immediately 
after  his  mayoralty,  and  probably  in  consideration  of  his  suf- 
ferings from  Churchill's  rod,  the  valuable  vicarage  of  Inglis- 
ham,  CO.  Wilts. 

15G8   The  high  and  mifjhty  Lochnan  came. 

Lockman,  in  addition  to  being  a  dealer  in  small  literary 
ware  as  mentioned  in  p.  82,  was  a  great  adept  in  music,  and 
the  composer  of  a  very  popular  ballad  beginning  "  How  canst 
thou  lovely  Nancy,"  which  was  sung  at  Vauxhall,  and  at 
most  of  the  other  public  gardens  round  London. 

1652   Tarri'd  to  a  Jeio  like  Gideon  came. 

This  imputation  of  extortion,  like  too  many  of  Chuixhill's 
random  bits,  is  not  merely  overcharged  but  altogether  unti-ue. 
Sampson  Gideon  was  a  Jew  broker,  the  most  considerable  of 
his  tribe,  the  great  oracle  and  leader  of  what  was  originally 
called  Jonathan's  Coffee  House  in  Exchange  Alley,  but  which 
has  since  been  dignified,  by  the  more  appropriate  name  of  the 
Stock  Exchange;  he  was  the  great  agent  and  manager  in  the 
seven  years  war  for  the  rich  bankers  and  others  who  had  ac- 
quired, what  were  then  thought,  gi-eat  ready  money  fortunes. 
He  amassed  a  considerable  property ;  and  possessed  an  odd 
mixture  of  character :  but  he  was  a  man  of  strong  natural  un- 
derstanding, of  great  liberality  and  generosity,  and  of  some 


SUPPLEMKNTAL    NOTES.  115 

humour.  He  for  many  years  gave  .£100  at  the  anniversary 
festivals  of  the  sons  of  the  clergy.  He  procured  for  his  only 
son,  -whom  he  had  educated  as  a  christian,  a  baronetage,  by 
patent  dated  May  21,  1759,  in  which  lie  was  styled  Sampson 
Gideon  the  younger,  son  of  S.  Gideon,  of  Spalding,  co.  Lin- 
coln, and  of  Belvidere,  co.  Kent,  and  sent  him,  with  the  patent, 
a  very  sensible  letter,  exhorting  him  to  remember  his  dignity, 
to  maintain  a  conduct  worthy  of  it,  and  telling  him  that, 
though  it  was  the  lowest  hereditary  honour  in  this  country', 
it  was  frequently  a  step  to  higher,  as  proved  to  be  the  case. 
It  has  been  said  to  have  been  a  maxim  with  him — never  grant 
an  annuity  for  life  to  an  old  woman — they  wither,  but  they 
never  die.  And  when  people  dealing  with  him  for  such  articles 
happened  to  be  taken  with  a  dreadful  asthmatic  cough  as  they 
approached  his  room  door,  he  would  call  out  to  them,  "Aye, 
you  may  cough ;  but  it  shall  not  save  you  six  months  purchase 
of  the  annuity.  In  the  year  1745,  Jlr.  Snow,  the  banker 
in  the  Strand,  immortalized  by  the  verses  addressed  to  him  by 
Dean  Swift,  had  lent  Sampson  £20,000  for  some  specific 
purpose  for  three  months;  but  the  Pretender's  army  having 
made  some  advance,  and  the  old  gentleman,  being  taken  with 
a  panic,  sent  Sampson  a  pitiful  note,  stating  his  apprehensions 
of  a  run  upon  the  house,  and  all  manner  of  dreadful  conse- 
quences, and  begged  that  he  would  return  him  the  money 
immediately ;  on  which  Sampson  went  very  coolly  to  the  bank, 
got  twenty  bank  notes,  sent  to  the  apothecary's  for  a  phial  of 
hartshoi-n,  rolled  up  the  phial  in  the  notes,  and  sent  Mr.  Snow 
all  his  money  back  again,  to  his  great  satisfaction.  By  his 
will  he  gave  to  the  poor  of  the  sj'nagogue  of  Portuguese 
•Jews  £2000,  provided  they  would  permit  him  to  be  interred  in 
their  burying  ground  at  Mile  End,  and  that  prayers  shoiild  be 
addressed  over  him  according  to  their  accustomed  ceremonies. 
He  was  carried  in  great  funeral  pomp  from  Belvedere,  where 
he  died  Oct.  17, 1762,  aged  63,  to  Pewterer's  Hall,  in  Lime 
Street,  and  thence  to  the  desired  spot,  to  be  buried  with  his 
fathers,  leaving  a  son,  as  before  mentioned,  who  married  a 
daughter  of  Lord  Chief  Justice  Wilmot,  took  the  name  of 
Eardley,  and  was  created  an  Irish  peer  by  the  title  of  Baron 
Eardley,  of  Spalding ;  and  two  daughters,  of  whom  one  married 


116  SUri'LKMKN TAL    NOTKS. 

Lord  Viscount  Gage,  and  died  witliout  issue  in  1783,  and  the 
other  died  unniiirried  in  1784. 

1934   0/ public  virtue,  Mansfield  came. 

No  able  or  impartial  pen  has  vet  been  employed  to  develop 
the  character  of  Lord  Mansfield,  and  place  it  on  that  fair 
basis  of  truth  and  justice,  which  can  alone  transmit  it  fairly 
to  posterity.  His  early  prejudices  in  fivvour  of  the  family  of 
Stuart,  his  strong  tendency  to  extend  the  royal  prerogative, 
and  his  unconstitutional  doctrine  on  the  law  of  Hbels,  formed 
the  sum  of  his  offences,  on  which  a  black  superstructure  of 
crimes  was  erected  by  the  virulence  of  party;  and  the  cata- 
logue of  his  sins  comprised  every  epithet  the  language  could 
afford  to  calumniate  his  memory  as  a  judge  and  as  a  man.  As 
the  best  means  of  repelling  charges  as  ftUse  as  thej''  were  in- 
jurious, his  friends  and  admirers  resorted  to  the  injudicious 
language  of  unqualified  and  declamatory  praise.  His  mild  and 
pleasing  eloquence,  his  silver  tones,  his  experience,  the  per- 
spicuity of  his  language  and  the  rectitude  of  his  understand- 
ing, were  the  foundation  on  which  rested  the  extravagant 
commendations  of  those,  who  made  him  the  god  of  their  idol- 
atry. On  the  bench,  he  was  rivalled  by  the  cultivated  powers 
of  Lord  Camden,  and  in  the  House  of  Lords,  he  was  discon- 
certed by  the  astounding  oratory  of  Lord  Chatham.  As  an 
English  lawyer,  it  is  difficult  justly  to  appreciate  his  merit  ; 
though  his  fame  be  inferior  in  that  rugged  and  exclusive  path, 
to  a  Coke,  a  Holt,  and  a  Kenyon;  though  he  too  frequently 
interpreted  the  statutes  with  the  same  license  that  he  would 
the  institutes  of  Justinian,  yet  his  long  course  of  judicial  emi- 
nence was  marked  with  only  two  decisions,*  to  which  his 
brethren  of  the  bench  refused  their  assent,  and  their  opinion 
was  ultimately  sanctioned  by  the  House  of  Lords.  Of  all  the 
unfortunate  victims  of  biography,  his  Lordship's  case  must 
excite  the  deepest  commiseration ;  but  the  friendship  of  Pope, 
as  well  as  the  splendour  of  his  own  abilities,  have  secured  a 
permanency  of  reputation  to  Lord  Chief  Justice  Mansfield 

*  The  great  leading  case  of  Perrin  v.  Blake,  and  one  relat- 
ing to  the  law  of  literary  property. 


SUPPLEMENTAL   NOTES.  117 

which  can  never  be  impaired — even  by  Mr.  John  HoUiday, 
the  conveyancer's  long  law  life  of  him,  in  two  large  quarto 
volumes,  composed  of  pleadings  and  reports  most  inartificially 
strung  together. 

Lord  Mansfield  was  much  blamed  for  permitting  the  record 
of  the  information  against  Wilkes  to  be  amended  by  an  order 
made  at  his  house  the  evening  before  the  trial,  by  substituting 
throughout,  in  setting  out  the  libellous  passages,  the  word 
TEXOR  for  that  of  purport,  a  substantial  distinction,  and 
one  calculated  to  interfere  with  the  line  of  argument  intended 
to  have  been  taken  by  the  defendant's  counsel.* 

The  unjustifiable  language  respecting  Lord  Mansfield,  adopt- 
ed by  Wilkes  and  his  party,  called  forth  from  his  Lordship 
the  following  animated  vindication  of  his  conduct,  the  inser- 
tion of  which  in  this  place  can  require  no  apology.  "  If  I  have 
ever  supported  the  king's  measures,  if  I  have  ever  afforded 
any  assistance  to  government,  if  I  have  discharged  my  duty 
as  a  public  or  private  oifcer,  by  endeavouring  to  preserve  pure 
and  perfect  the  principles  of  the  constitution;  maintaining 
unsullied  the  honour  of  the  courts  of  justice,  and  by  an  up- 
right administration  of,  to  give  a  due  effect,  to  the  laws,  I 
have  hitherto  done  it  -i^ithout  any  other  gift  or  reward  than 
the  most  pleasing  and  most  honourable  one,  the  conscientious 
conviction  of  doing  what  was  right.  I  do  not  affect  to  scorn 
the  opinion  of  mankind ;  I  wish  earnestly  for  popularity ;  I 
will  seek  and  will  have  popularity ;  but  I  ^\■ill  tell  you  how  I 
will  obtain  it,  I  wUl  have  that  popularity  which  follows,  and 
not  that  which  is  run  after.  It  is  not  the  applause  of  a  day, 
it  is  not  the  huzzas  of  thousands,  that  can  give  a  moment's 
satisfaction  to  a  rational  being;  that  man's  mind  must  indeed 
be  a  weak  one,  and  his  ambition  of  a  most  depraved  sort,  who 


*  For  designating  which  as  "  officious,  arbitrary,  and  iJle-, 
gal,"  the  attorney-general,  Sir  F.  Norton,  moved  the  court 
for  a  rule  to  shew  cause  why  an  attachment  should  not  issue 
against  Almon,  the  publisher  of  a  "  Letter  concerning  Libels, 
Wan-ants,  Seizure  of  Papers,  &c."  1765,  but  the  application 
dropped  in  consequence,  as  was  supposed,  of  the  resignation 
of  Sir  Fletcher  Norton,  or  for  some  better  reason. 


118  SUPrLEMENTAL    NOTES. 

can  be  captivated  by  such  wretched  alhircmeiits,  or  satisfied 
with  such  momentary  gratilications.  I  say  with  the  Roman 
orator,  and  can  say  it  with  as  much  truth  as  he  did,  "  Ego 
hoc  animo  semper  fui,  ttiinvkUam  viriule  pni-tajn,  f/loriam,  non 
iiifamiam j/utaretn.'^  But  threats  have  been  carried  farther, 
personal  violence  has  been  denounced,  unless  public  humour 
be  complied  with.  I  do  not  fear  such  threats,  I  do  not  be- 
lieve there  is  any  reason  to  fear  them,  it  is  not  tlie  genius 
of  the  worst  of  men  in  the  worst  of  times  to  proceed  to  such 
shocking  extremities ;  but  if  such  an  event  should  happen, 
let  it  be  so;  even  such  an  event  might  be  productive  of 
wholesome  effect;  such  a  stroke  might  rouse  the  better  part 
of  the  nation  from  their  letliargic  condition  to  a  state  of 
activity,  to  assert  and  execute  the  law,  and  punish  the  daring 
and  impious  hands  which  had  violated  it :  and  those  who 
now  supinely  behold  the  danger  which  threatens  all  liberty, 
from  the  most  abandoned  licentiousness,  might,  by  such  an 
event,  be  awakened  to  a  sense  of  their  situation,  as  drunken 
men  are  often  stunned  into  sobriety.  If  the  security  of  our 
persons  and  property,  of  all  we  hold  dear  and  valuable,  are 
to  depend  upon  the  caprice  of  a  giddy  multitude,  or  to  be  at 
the  disposal  of  a  mob ;  if  in  compliance  with  the  humours, 
and  to  appease  the  clamours  of  those,  all  civil  and  political 
constitutions  are  to  be  disregarded  or  overthrown,  a  life 
somewhat  more  than  sixty  is  not  worth  preserving  at  such  a 
price;  and  he  can  never  die  too  soon,  who  lays  down  his  hfe 
in  support  and  vindication  of  the  policy,  the  government,  and 
the  constitution  of  his  countrj'." 

'i  That  Schomherg  never  shall  he  there. 

The  Battiad,  a  mock  heroic  poem  of  some  merit,  in  imita- 
tion of  Garth's  Dispensary,  was  written  by  Moses  Mendez, 
assisted  by  Paul  Whitehead  and  Dr.  Schomberg  on  occasion 
of  the  war  waged  by  the  latter  with  the  College  of  Physicians, 
in  consequence  of  their  requiring  him  to  submit  to  an  exami- 
nation prior  to  his  being  admitted  a  Licentiate,  although  he 
had  already  in  fact  been  during  many  years  in  very  extensive 
practice.  The  Doctor  rejected  the  requisition  with  great  haugh- 
tiness, and  spoke  with  much  contempt  of  one  of  the  persons 
who  was  summoned  to  be  examined  at  the  same  time,  and 


SUPPLEMENTAL    KOTES.  119 

wlio  was  in  consequence  admitted  with  extraordinary  lionours. 
He  however  ultimately  submitted  to  be  examined,  and  ob- 
tained a  Doctor's  degree  from  the  University  of  Cambridge ; 
but  the  rancour  of  the  College  remained  unappeased ;  tliey 
found  out  that  he  had  been  born  abroad,  although  he  had 
lived  in  England  ever  since  he  was  two  years  of  age,  and  when 
after  much  trouble,  delay,  and  expense,  he  obtained  an  act  of 
naturalization,  frcsli  obstacles  were  raised,  which  he  success- 
fully obviated  by  an  appeal  to  Westminster  Hall. 

We  cannot  better  close  our  annotations  on  this  long  and 
digressive  storj^  of  the  Cock  Lane  Ghost,  than  by  giving  the 
advertisement  of  the  Bottle  Conjurer,  who,  with  Miss  Fanny, 
present  two  of  the  most  discreditable  specimens  of  the  credu- 
lity of  the  last  century,  and  we  should  be  better  pleased  if 
the  popular  delusions  which  this  first  half  of  the  present  has 
exhibited,  were  not  in  danger  of  incurring  equal  animadver- 
sion from  posterity. 

"  LITTLE  HAYJIAEKET  THEATRE." 

16  January,  1749. 

"A  Person  then  and  there  before  the  audience,  will  take 
a  common  walking  cane  from  any  one  of  the  spectators  on 
which  he  will  play  the  music  of  every  instrument  now  in 
use. 

"  He  next  will  present  a  common  wine  bottle  to  be  examin- 
ed by  the  spectators.  This  bottle  being  placed  on  a  table, 
he  will  then  without  any  equivocation  go  into  it,  and  sing 
while  there.  During  which  time  any  person  may  handle  it 
and  see  that  it  does  not  exceed  a  common  tavern  bottle.  Those 
who  come  in  masked  habits  to  the  entertainment,  will,  if 
agreeable  to  them,  be  told  by  the  performer  -who  they  are. 

Stage  7s.  6c?.     Boxes  5s.    Pitt  2,s.     Gallery  2s. 

To  begin  at  half  an  hour  after  six  o'clock. 

"  After  the  above,  in  a  private  room,  and  for  a  fresh  gratuity, 
he  will  shew  the  dead  to  any  gentleman  or  lady  requiring  it, 
and  tell  the  thoughts,  however  secret,  of  their  past  lives,  and 
give  a  full  view  of  the  persons  who  may  have  injured  them, 
dead  or  alive. 


120  SUPPLEMKNTAL    NOTES. 

"  Most  of  tlie  crowned  heads  of  Asia,  Africa,  and  Europe, 
have  witnessed  these  performances. 

"  There  will  be  a  proper  guard  to  keep  the  house  in  due 
deconim." 

Tlie  house  was  crowded,  the  curtain  drew  up,  when  no- 
thing appeared  but  a  table  covered  with  a  green  baize  cloth 
and  a  common  quart  bottle  on  it;  the  swindler  and  all  liis  as- 
sociates had  in  the  mean  time  decamped  with  the  entrance 
money,  when  after  some  time  the  patience  of  the  audience 
being  exhausted,  they  wreaked  their  vengeance  on  the  chan- 
deliers, fittings  up,  and  benches  of  the  house,  and  dispersed 
in  unspeakable  confusion. 

Among  the  spectators  was  William  Duke  of  Cumberland, 
who  in  the  mele  lost  his  diamond-hilted  sword,  on  which  the 
Jacobite  portion  of  the  crowd  set  up  a  cry  of  Rilly  the 
Butcher  has  lost  his  knife,  and  this  formed  the  refrain  of 
the  veritable  ballad  of  the  Bottle  Conjurer,  written  on  the 
occasion. 

We  subjoin  extracts  from  Walpole's  Correspondence  of  two 
of  the  incidents  in  the  foregoing  poem,  of  both  of  which  he 
was  an  eye-witness,  and  has  described  with  much  humour 
and  apparent  accuracy. 

COCK  LANE   GHOST. 

"  You  told  me  not  a  word  of  Mr.  M.  and  I  have  a  great 
mind  to  be  as  coolly  indolent  about  our  famous  ghost  in  Cock 
Lane.  I  could  send  you  volumes  on  it;  and  I  believe  if  I 
were  to  stay  a  little,  I  might  send  its  life  dedicated  to  my 

Lord  D by  the  Ordinary  of  Newgate,   its  two  great 

patrons.  A  drunken  parish  clerk  set  it  on  foot  out  of  revenge, 
the  Methodists  have  adopted  it,  and  the  whole  town  think  of 
nothing  else.  E.  Canning  and  the  rabbit  woman  were  modest 
impostors  in  comparison  of  this,  which  goes  on  without  saving 
the  least  appearances.  The  Archbishop  who  would  not  sufler 
the  Minor  to  be  acted  in  ridicule  of  the  Methodists,  permits 
this  farce  to  be  played  every  night,  and  I  shall  not  be  surprised 
if  they  perform  it  in  the  great  hall  of  Lambeth.  I  went  to 
hear  it,  for  it  is  not  an  apparition  but  an  amlition.  We  set 
out  from  the  opera,  changed  our  clothes  at  Northumberland 


SUPPLEMENTAL    NOTES.  121 

House,  the  Duke  of  York,  Lady  Northumberland,  Lady  JL 
Coke,  Lord  Hertford,  and  I,  all  in  one  hackney-coach,  and 
drove  to  the  spot;  it  rained  torrents,  yet  the  lane  was  full  of 
mob,  and  the  house  so  full,  we  could  not  get  in ;  at  last  they 
discovered  it  was  the  Duke  of  York,  and  the  company 
squeezed  themselves  into  one  another's  pockets  to  make  room 
for  us.  The  house,  which  is  borrowed,  and  to  which  the 
ghost  has  adjourned,  is  wretchedly  small ;  when  we  opened 
the  chamber,  in  which  were  fifty  people,  with  no  light  but 
one  tallow  candle  at  the  end,  we  tumbled  over  the  bed  of 
the  child  to  whom  the  ghost  comes,  and  whom  they  are 
murdering  by  inches  in  such  insufferable  heat  and  stench. 
At  the  top  of  the  room  are  ropes  to  dry  clothes.  I  asked  if 
we  were  to  have  rope-dancing  between  the  acts.  We  had 
nothing ;  they  told  us,  as  they  would  at  a  puppet-show,  that 
it  would  not  come  that  night  till  seven  in  the  morning,  that 
is,  when  there  were  only  'prentices  and  old  women.  We 
stayed,  however,  till  half  after  one.  The  Methodists  have 
promised  them  contributions;  provisions  ai'e  sent  in  like 
forage,  and  all  the  taverns  and  ale-houses  in  the  neighbour, 
hood  make  fortunes.  The  most  diverting  part  is  to  hear 
people  wonder  when  it  will  be  found  out,  as  if  there  was  any 
thing  to  find  out;  as  if  the  actors  would  make  their  noises 
when  they  can  be  discovered." 

FUNERAL    OF    GEOKGE    II. 

"  Do  you  know,  I  had  the  curiosity  to  go  to  the  burjang  the 
other  night:  I  had  never  seen  a  royal  fimeral;  nay,  I  walked 
as  a  rag  of  quality,  which  I  found  would  be,  and  so  it  was, 
the  easiest  way  of  seeing  it.  It  is  absolutely  a  noble  sight. 
The  prince's  chamber  hung  with  purple  and  a  quantity  of 
silver  lamps,  the  coffin  vmder  a  canopy  of  purple  velvet,  and 
six  great  chandeliers  of  silver  on  high  stands  had  a  very 
good  effect.  The  ambassador  from  Tripoli  and  his  son  were 
carried  to  see  the  chamber.  The  procession  through  a  line 
of  foot  guards,  every  seventh  man  bearing  a  torch,  the  horse- 
guards  lining  the  outside,  their  officers  with  drawn  sabres  and 
crape  sashes  on  horseback,  the  drums  muffied,  the  fifes,  beUs 
tolling,  an(?  minute  guns, — all  this  was  very  solemn.     But 


122  SUPPLEMENTAL    NOTES. 

the  charm  was  the  entrance  of  the  abbey,  where  we  were  re- 
ceived by  the  dean  and  chapter  in  ricli  robes,  the  choir  and 
almsmen  bearing  torches;  the  whole  abbey  so  illuminated, 
that  one  saw  it  to  greater  advantage  than  by  day ;  the  tombs, 
long  aisles,  and  fretted  roof,  all  appearing  distinctly,  and  with 
the  happiest  chiaroscuro.  There  wanted  n.othing  but  incense 
and  little  chapels  here  and  there,  with  priests  saying  mass 
for  the  repose  of  the  defunct;  yet  one  could  not  complain  of 
its  not  being  Catholic  enough.  AVhon  we  came  to  the  chapel 
of  Henry  VII.  all  solemnity  and  decorum  ceased:  no  order 
was  observed ;  people  sat  or  stood  where  they  could  or  would ; 
the  yeomen  of  the  guard  were  crying  out  for  help,  opprest  by 
the  immense  weight  of  the  coffin ;  the  bishop  read  sadly,  and 
blundered  in  the  prayers ;  the  fine  chapter, '  ^lan  that  is  born 
of  a  woman,'  was  chanted,  not  read ;  and  the  anthem,  besides 
being  immeasurablj'  tedious,  would  have  served  as  well  for  a 
nuptial.  The  real  serious  part  was  the  figure  of  the  Duke  of 
Cumberland,  heightened  by  a  thousand  melancholy  circum- 
stances. He  had  a  dark  brown  adonis,  and  a  cloak  of  black 
cloth,  with  a  train  of  five  yards.  Attending  the  funeral  of  a 
father  could  not  be  pleasant;  his  leg  extremely  bad,  yet  forced 
to  stand  upon  it  near  two  hours ;  his  face  bloated  and  distorted 
with  his  late  paralytic  stroke,  which  has  affected  one  of  his 
eyes ;  and  placed  near  the  mouth  of  the  vault,  mto  which,  in 
all  probability,  he  must  himself  so  soon  descend;  think  how 
unpleasant  a  situation !  He  bore  it  with  a  finn  and  unaffected 
countenance.  This  grave  scene  was  fully  contrasted  by  the 
burlesque  Duke  of  Newcastle.  He  fell  into  a  fit  of  crying 
the  moment  he  came  into  the  chapel,  and  flung  himself  into 
a  stall,  the  archbishop  hovering  over  him  with  a  smelling 
bottle :  but  in  two  minutes  his  curiosity  got  the  better  of  his 
hypocrisy,  and  he  ran  about  the  chapel  with  his  glass  to  spy 
who  was  or  was  not  there,  spying  with  one  hand,  and  mopping 
his  eyes  with  the  other.  Then  returned  the  fear  of  catching 
cold;  and  the  Duke  of  Cumberland,  who  was  sinking  with 
heat,  felt  himself  weighed  down,  and  turning  round,  found  it 
was  the  Duke  of  Newcastle  standing  upon  his  train  to  avoid  the 
chill  of  the  marble.  It  was  very  theatric  to  look  down  into  the 
vault  where  the  coffin  lay,  attended  by  mourners  with  lights." 


THE    CANDIDATE* 

This  Poem  was  -w-ritten  iu  1764,  on  occasion  of  the  contest 
between  the  Earls  of  Hardwicke  and  Sandwich,  for  the  High- 
stewardship  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  vacant  by  the 
death  of  the  Lord  Chancellor  Hardwicke.  The  spirit  of  party 
ran  high  in  the  University,  and  no  means  were  left  untried 
by  either  candidate,  to  obtain  a  majority.  The  election  was 
fixed  for  the  30th  of  Jlarch,  when,  after  much  altercation,  the 
votes  appearing  equal,  a  scrutiny  was  demanded ;  whereupon 
the  Vice-Chancellor  adjourned  the  senate  sine  die.  On  ap- 
peal to  the  Lord  High-Chancellor,  he  detennmed  in  favour 
of  the  Earl  of  Hardwicke,  and  a  mandamus  issued  accord- 

*  Churchill's  repeated  allusions  in  this  poem  to  the  politi- 
cal predilections  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  derive  some  of 
their  pungency,  no  doubt,  from  the  rejection  he  had  there 
experienced.  Those  predilections  had  been  invariably  dis- 
played in  favour  of  the  Stuarts  und  their  adherents,  so  much 
so,  that  on  the  accession  of  the  present  reigning  family,  Ox- 
ford was  in  so  disturbed  a  state  as  to  render  it  necessaiy  to 
station  a  troop  of  horse  there  under  the  command  of  General 
Pepper,  in  order  to  secure  its  obedience,  about  the  same  time 
that  a  munificent  donation  of  books  had  been  presented  by 
the  King  to  the  University  of  Cambridge,  on  which  the  follow- 
ing epigram,  by  an  Oxonian,  was  circulated: 

The  king,  observing  with  judicious  eyes, 

The  state  of  both  his  Universities, 

To  Oxford  sent  a  troop  of  horse ;  and  why  ? 

That  learned  body  wanted  loyalty : 

To  Cambridge  books,  as  very  well  discerning 

How  much  that  loyal  body  wanted  learning. 

This  was  thus  answered  by  Sir  William  Browne : 

The  king  to  Oxford  sent  a  troop  of  horse. 
For  Tories  own  no  argmuent  but  force ; 
With  equal  sense  he  books  to  Cambridge  sent, 
For  Whigs  admit  no  force  but  arirument. 


124  THE    CANDID ATK. 

inglj'.     On  a  supposition  that  Lonl  Smulwicli  was  favoured 
by  the  Crown, the  following  epigram  was  written: 

A  DOUBT. 

To  be  Granta's  high  steward,  wlicn  it  comes  to  tlie  choice, 
If't  be  true,  fur  Lord  Sandwieli  the  king  gives  his  voice, 

Can  any  good  subject  refuse  him? 
But  yet  if  tlie  king  to  make  the  matter  more  nice, 
Has  declared  that  he  means  to  discourage  all  vice,* 
I'ray  mayn't  we  offend  if  we  choose  him? 

On  the  publication  of  this  poem  Lord  Bath  wrote  thus 
to  his  friend  and  protcg(3  Colman.  "  I  thank  j-ou  for  your 
letter,  and  the  inclosed  poem  in  it,  which  is  in  my  opinion 
the  severest  and  the  best  of  all  Churchill's  works.  He  has 
a  great  genius,  and  is  an  excellent  poet ;  there  are  to  be  sure 
some  as  fine  lines  as  ever  were  writ,  and  some  as  low  prosaic 
trash  as  ever  came  from  Grub  Street.  One  may  plainly  see 
that  all  his  works  are  what  the  French  call  pieces  rapports. 
He  has  always  a  vast  number  of  loose  verses  Ij'ing  by  him 
which  he  can  bring  into  any  poem  that  he  wants  to  enlarge 
to  the  price  of  half-a-crown,  and  so  sticks  them  in  as  he 
wants  them.  I  cannot,  however,  in  the  main,  approve  of  such 
abominable  abuse.  You  know  I  never  was  famous  for  great 
partiality  to  ministers ;  I  am  acquainted  with  very  few  who 
are  at  present  such,  and  I  never  would  be  one  mj'self  though 
often  offered  it.  From  these  considerations,  you  may  be  sure 
that  it  is  not  any  fondness  of  mine  for  great  men,  that  makes 
me  dislike  this  poem ;  but  really,  it  is  so  scandalously  abusive, 
that  no  one  who  has  the  least  decency,  can  approve  such  Bil- 
lingsgate stuff,  running  a  muck,  as  Tope  calls  it,  at  once  upon 
all  mankind." 

Among  the  sketches  of  characters  generally  attributed  to 
the  Earl  of  Chesterfield,  is  one  of  Lord  Sandwich,  in  which 
the  following  passages  occur: 

"  The  art  of  i-obbing  vice  of  its  disgust,  and  throwing 
around  it  the  mantle  of  convivial  pleasure,  belongs  in  a  very 
peculiiu"  manner,  to  this  nobleman.  I  undei'stand,  that  from 
his  youth  to  the  present  time,  he  has  proceeded  in  one 
uniform,  unblushing  course  of  debauchery  and  dissipation. 

*  Alluiiing  to  the  royal  proclamation  for  the  discourage- 
ment of  vice  and  immoralitv. 


THE    CANDIDATE.  125 

His  conversation  is  chiefly  tinctured  with  uncliaste  expres- 
sions and  indecent  allusions;  and  some  have  assured  me  that, 
if  these  -were  to  be  omitted  by  him,  much  of  his  wit,  or,  at 
least,  what  is  called  his  wit,  would  be  lost. 

"  It  was  most  certainly,  a  very  serious  business,  and  yet  I 
could  not  help  smiling  at  being  infonned  of  this  nobleman's 
rising  in  the  House  of  Lords  and  making  a  grave,  laboured 
speech  against  a  blasphemous  production  of  Mr.  Wilkes. 
Surely  it  was  very  mal-a-jjropos,  as  the  whole  kingdom  must 
suspect  his  sincerity,  and  even  his  friends  could  not  but  feel 
the  ridiculousness  of  his  situation.*  He  is,  however,  an 
able  and  an  active  minister;  his  abih ties  arc  imiversally  ac- 
knowledged; and  although  I  have,  at  times,  been  not  quite 
satisfied  with  him  (for  an  immoral  character  will  never 
possess  my  entire  confidence),  j^et,  on  due  examination, 
I  have  found  him  deserving  the  high  station  he  possesses. 

"  It  is  a  great  imperfection  in  government,  that  a  king, 
who  is  under  the  influence  of  religion,  and  feels  the  comforts 
and  necessity  of  it,  should  be  prevented  from  making  a  sense 
of  it,  and  its  sanctions  a  necessary  qualification  in  his  servants. 
The  friends  of  this  noble  person,  who  partake  the  mirth  and 
good  humour  of  his  jovial  hours,  have,  no  doubt,  a  great  re- 
gard for  him;  bv;t  he  is  an  unpopular  character  with  the 
nation  in  general. 

"  I  have  been  informed  that  he  was  seriously  aSected  at  the 
treatment  he  met  with  from  the  j'ouug  men  at  Cambridge, 
when  he  was  candidate  for  the  office  of  High-steward  to  that 
University.    It  must,  indeed,  be  extremely  mortifying  to  a 

*  They  did  indeed !  And  who  could  have  done  otherwise, 
on  hearing  the  exordium  of  the  oration,  which  was  to  the 
following  purport : 

"  I  have  a  paper  in  my  hand,  whose  contents  are  of  such 
a  liorrible  and  detestable  nature,  that  I  almost  wonder  it  did 
not  draw  down  the  immediate  vengeance  of  heaven  upon  this 

nation. This  shocking  composition  may  be  said  to  contain 

two  parts;  a  hlasphemous  and  an  obscene  part.  I  shall  not 
shock  the  many  Right  Reverend  Bishops  who  are  present 
■with  a  recital  of  i\\&  former,  but  shall  confine  my  observations 
to  the  lattery  He  then  read  from  bad  to  worse,  until  Lord 
Lyttelton  interpsoed  to  stop  the  disgusting  ribaldry. 


12G  THE    CANDIDATE. 

man,  -who  means  to  be  young  as  long  as  he  lives,  that  the 
whole  youth  of  a  large  university  should  not  only  treat  his 
name  with  contempt,  and  harass  his  friends  with  an  un- 
popular cry,  but  mark  his  personal  appearance  with  the  most 
confirmed  and  open  disapprobation."  I  am  sorry  for  these 
things — but  he  is  certainly  a  good  minister!  " 

In  corroboration  of  Lord  Chcptcrfield's  observations  on  the 
inexpediency  of  admitting  men  of  known,  if  not  avowed 
profligacy  of  life  and  conversation,  into  the  confidence  of  tlie 
crown,  or  in  a  more  especial  manner,  we  would  add,  into  the 
Commons'  House  of  Parliament,  we  would  quote  Burke's 
noble  and  irrefragable  apothegm,  in  his  charges  against 
Warren  Hastings,  which  he  avers  to  have  arrived  at  from 
personal  experience  and  long  conviction,  and  Avishes  as  such 
to  be  recorded  —  "that  there  never  was  a  had  man 

ViTIO  HAD   ABILITY  FOR  GOOD   SERA'ICE." 

Dr.  Watts  had  before  embodied  the  same  sentiment  m  one 
of  his  hymns : 

Wild  and  unwholesome  as  the  tree 

Will  all  the  branches  be. 
How  can  we  hope  for  living  fruit 

Fi-om  a  corrupted  tree. 

What  mortal  power  from  things  unclean. 

Can  pure  productions  bring. 
Who  can  command  a  vital  stream 

From  an  infected  spring. 


*  "This  alludes  to  the  following  singular  circumstances 
which  occurred  during  the  canvass:  When  this  nobleman 
was  candidate  for  the  High  Stewardship  of  the  University 
of  Cambridge,  in  opposition  to  Lord  Hardwicke,  the  whole 
body  of  students,  a  very  few  excepted,  exerted  their  utmost 
opposition  to  him,  and  treated  his  supporters  with  the  most 

avowed  insults. In  Trinity  college,  particularly,  when  a 

sumptuous  public  entertainment  was  provided  by  the  head 
of  it  for  the  unpopular  candidate;  as  soon  as  grace  was 
pronounced,  all  the  scholars,  &c.,  to  the  number  of  forty, 
immediately  quitted  the  hall.  This  dignified  mark  of  con- 
tempt made,  I  believe,  the  soup  of  that  day,  and  some  suc- 
ceeding ones,  very  bitter  to  his  Lordship."  For  their  names, 
see  a  note  upon  the  Poem. 


THE    CANDIDATE. 

Enough  of  Actors — let  them  play  the  player, 
And,  free  from  censure,  fret,  sweat,  strut,   and 

stare, 
Garrick  abroad,  what  motives  can  engage 

3  Garrick,  in  September,  1763,  induced  by  a  variety  of 
motives,  determined  upon  visiting  the  Continent;  his  insati- 
able vanity  had  dreaded  an  intermission  of  public  favour,  and 
he  rightly  judged  that  during  a  temporary  absence  the  town 
would,  upon  comparison,  properly  appreciate  his  superiority, 
and  greet  his  return  with  redoubled  pleasure.  In  this  he  was 
not  disappointed;  he  returned  in  April,  1765;  his  first  appear- 
ance was  honoured  by  the  king.  The  joy  of  tlie  audience  was 
expressed  by  unbounded  acclamations,  repeated  at  intervals 
during  his  recitation  of  a  prologue  written  by  himself  for  the 
occasion.  His  foreign  tour  had  been  of  considerable  service 
to  him,  and  was  productive  of  a  more  elegant  and  graceful 
manner,  and  a  general  improvement  in  his  style  of  acting. 
Before  his  arrival  in  England,  he  was  so  apprehensive  of  the 
reception  he  might  possibly  meet  with  that  he  sat  down 
seriously  at  Paris  to  write  a  satire  on  himself,  anticipating 
the  dreaded  censure  of  the  town.  This  poem,  entitled  the 
Sick  Money,  he  sent  to  a  friend  in  London,  to  be  published 
preparatory  to  his  arrival ;  the  town,  engrossed  by  himself, 
fortunately  for  him,  had  no  leisure  to  peruse  his  performance, 
which  sunk  still-born  from  the  press.  It  possessed  neither 
wit  nor  poetry. 

Our  author  is,  we  think,  peculiarly  happy  in  his  intro- 


128  THE    CANDIDATE. 

To  waste  one  couplet  on  a  barren  stage  ? 
Ungratelul  Garrick  !  when  these  tasty  days         s 
In  justice  to  themselves,  allow'd  thee  praise; 
When,  at  thy  bidding,  Sense,  for  twenty  years, 
Indulo-ed  in  laughter,  or  dissolved  in  tears ; 
When  in  return  for  labour,  time,  and  health, 
The  Town  had  given  some  little  share  of  wealth, 
Couldst  thou  repine  at  being  still  a  slave? 
Barest  thou   presume  to  enjoy   that  wealth   she 

gave  ? 
Couldst  thou  repine  at  laws  ordain'd  by  those 
Whom  nothing  but  thy  merit  made  thy  foes  ? 
Whom,  too  retined  for  honesty  and  trade,  is 

By  need  made  tradesmen,  pride  had  bankrupts 

made ; 
Whom  fear  made  drunkards,  and,  by  modern  rules. 
Whom  drink  made  wits,  though  nature  made  them 

fools  ; 
With  such,  beyond  all  pardon  is  thy  crime. 
In  such  a  manner,  and  at  such  a  time,  20 

To  quit  the  stage ;  but  men  of  real  sense. 
Who  neither  lightly  give,  nor  take  offence, 

duction,  from  which  he  proceeds,  with  more  tliaii  usual 
address,  to  his  subject,  which  we  the  rather  take  notice  of, 
as  our  author's  poetical  prefaces  are  sometimes  too  much 
detached  from  the  main  body  of  the  poem,  and  too  foreign  to 
the  nature  of  the  subject. 

21  The  ultimate  retirement  of  Mr.  Garrick  from  the  stage 
in  1770,  was  dignified  by  every  charm  that  rank  and  accom- 
plishments could  confer  upon  it.  One  of  the  most  distin- 
guished ladies  of  rank,  Lady  Georgiana  Spencer,  considered 
him  as  her  most  brilliant  guest.     The  hospitalities  of  the 


THE    CANDIDATE.  129 

Shall  own  thee  clear,  or  pass  an  act  of  grace, 
Since  thou  hast  left  a  Powell  in  thy  place. 

Enough  of  Authors — why,  when  scribblers  fail. 
Must  other  scribblers  spread  the  hateful  tale  ?     as 
Why  must  they  pity,  why  contempt  express, 
And  why  insult  a  brother  in  distress  ? 


convivial  Rigby  awaited  him  at  Mistley,  and  Lord  Camden 
hailed  a  period  with  joy  when  he  could  profit  by  his  visits, 
without  encroaching  on  the  duties  of  his  high  office.  Nor 
were  these  invitations  unretumed.  Garrick  had  rendered 
Hampton  a  scene  of  peculiar  enjoyment.  As  a  companion 
Garrick  hit  the  true  medium,  nothing  could  exceed  his  tact 
for  playful  humour  while  he  told  a  characteristic  story  with 
all  his  professional  power. 

Garrick's  wit  secured  his  friendships,  the  wit  of  Foote  ren- 
dered his  S(^ciety  unsafe.  Men  laughed  with  Garrick  without 
pain,  the  wit  of  Foote  was  a  sacrifice,  and  there  was  always 
a  victim  smoking  on  the  altar.  Garrick  had  studied  human 
nature  thoroughly. 

He  took  his  final  leave  of  the  public  on  June  11,  177G,  in 
the  part  of  Don  Felix  in  the  Wonder,  for  the  benefit  of  the 
actors'  benevolent  fund,  the  following  being  the  concluding 
lines  of  his  address  on  the  occasion. 

Shan't  I,  who  oft  have  drenched  my  hands  in  gore, 
Stabb'd  many,  poison'd  some,  beheaded  more, 
Who  numbers  slew  in  battle  on  this  plain. 
Shan't  I  the  slayer,  try  to  feed  the  slain, 
"     Brother  to  all,  with  equal  love  I  view 

The  men  who  slew  me,  and  the  men  I  slew. 

It  is  painful  to  observe,  that  while,  as  appears  by  Garrick's 
bulky  correspondence  of  two  volumes  in  4to,  he  was  maintain- 
ing an  epistolary  intercourse  with  Warburton  of  the  most  con- 
fidential, if  not  affectionate  character,  the  latter,  in  a  letter 
to  Hurd,  allowed  himself  to  write  most  disparagingly  of  his 
VOL.   III.  9 


130  THE    CANDIDATE. 

Let  those,  who  boast  the  uncoinnion  gift  of  brains 
The  hiurel  pluck,  and  wear  it  for  their  pains :     30 
Fresh  on  their  brows  for  ages  let  it  bloom, — 
And,  ages  past,  still  ilourish  round  their  tomb. 
Let  those,  who  without  genius  write,  and  write, 
Versemen  or  prosemen,  all  in  Nature's  spite. 
The  pen  laid  down,  their  course  of  folly  run       35 

friend,  on  the  subject  of  his  Ode  to  Shakspeare  at  the  Strat- 
ford Jubilee,  beginning— 

To  what  blest  genius  of  the  isle 

Shall  Gratitude  her  tribute  pay, 

Decree  the  festive  day, 
Erect  the  statue,  and  devote  the  pile? 

Do  not  your  sympathetic  hearts  accord, 

To  own  the  "  bosom's  lord?  " 
'Tishe!  'tis  he!  that  demi-god ! 
Who  Avon's  flowery  margin  trod, 

While  sportive  fency  round  him  flew. 
Where  Nature  led  him  by  the  hand. 

Instructed  him  in  all  she  knew. 
And  gave  him  absolute  command ! 
'Tishe!  'tishe! 
"  The  God  of  our  idolatry!  " 
To  him  the  song,  the  edifice  we  raise, 
He  merits  all  our  wonder,  all  our  praise ! 
"  Garrick's  portentous  ode,  as  you  truly  call  it,   has  but 
one  line  of  tridh  in  it,  which  is  where  he  calls  Shakspeare 
the  god  of  our  idolatry,  t^ie  sense  I  will  not  allow  it,  for  that 
which  is  so  highly  satirical  he  makes  the  topic  of  his  hero's 
encomium.    The  ode  itself  is  below  any  of  Gibber's.    Gib- 
ber's nonsense  was  something  like    sense,  but   this  man's 
sense  whenever  he  deviates  into  it  is  much  more  like  non- 
sense." 

24  WiUiam  Powell,  a  pupil  of  Garrick's,  and  next  to  him 
and  Barry,  the  most  popular  performer  on  the  stage.    His 


THE    CANDIDATE.  131 

lu  peace,  unread,  unraention'd,  be  undone. 
Why  should  I  tell,  to  cross  the  will  of  Fate, 
That  Francis  once  endeavour'd  to  translate  ? 
Why,  sweet  oblivion  winding  round  his  head. 
Should  I  recall  poor  Murphy  from  the  dead  ?     io 
Why  may  not  Langhorne,  simple  in  his  lay, 
Effusion  on  effusion  pour  away. 
With  Friendship  and  with  Fancy  trifle  here, 
Or  sleep  in  Pastoral  at  Belvidere  ? 

first  appearauco  in  Pliilaster  captivated  the  public,  and  tliis 
theatrical  phenomenon  (for  so  he  was  called)  contributed  to 
supply  the  chasm  occasioned  by  his  master's  absence,  and 
during  two  years  was  the  great  pillar  of  the  theatre  in  which 
solely  by  his  merit  he  maintaitied  a  superior  rank  and  import- 
ance. Powell  in  person  was  tall  although  not  graceful,  but  his 
countenance  was  open  and  manly,  and  strongly  marked  with 
an  expressive  brow.  His  voice  was  harmonious  and  adapted 
to  the  expression  of  strength  as  well  as  of  tenderness.  Ho 
was  endowed  with  great  sensibility,  and  on  the  stage  indulged 
all  the  tender  feelings  of  the  soul  to  excess ;  if  ever  he  dis- 
pleased, it  was  from  a  defect  of  that  critical  judgment  which 
is  seldom  the  companion  of  a  warm  imagination;  he  occa- 
sionally ranted  and  blustered,  and  would  sometimes  whine 
and  blubber,  and  consequently  excited  ridicule  when  he  in- 
tended to  be  most  pathetic.  Powell  purchased  a  share  in 
the  patent  of  Covent  Garden  Theatre,  and  died  at  Bristol, 
Julj',  1769,  of  a  raging  fever,  at  the  premature  age  of  33. 

Garrick,  in  a  letter  to  Colmau  from  Paris,  October,  8, 1763, 
writes,  ''  I  am  vastly  happy  that  Powell  strikes  you  so  much 
in  the  rehearsal  of  Pliilaster.  He  will  surprise,  and  I  most 
cordially  wish  it,  for  I  think  him  a  very  worthy  man."  In 
another  letter,  "  I  am  very  angry  with  Powell  for  playing  that 
detestable  part  of  Alexander.  Every  genius  must  despise  it, 
because  that  and  such  fustian-like  stuff  is  the  bane  of  true 
merit.  If  a  man  can  act  it  well,  I  mean,  to  please  the  people, 
he  has  somethin";  in  him  that  a  cood  actor  should  not  have." 


132  THE    CANDIDATE. 

Sleep  let  them  all,  with  Dullness  on  her  throne, 
Secure  from  any  malice  but  their  own. 

Enough  of  Critics — let  them,  if  they  please. 
Fond  of  new  pomp,  each  month  pass  new  decrees ; 
Wide  and  extensive  be  their  infant  state, 
Their  subjects  many,  and  those  subjects  great,    so 
Whilst  all  their  mandates  as  sound  law  succeed. 
With  fools  who  write,  and  greater  fools  who  read. 


Sterne,  in  a  letter  to  Garrick,  thus  writes  of  Powell, "  Give 
me  some  one  of  less  smoke  and  more  fire.  There  are  who, 
like  the  Pharisees,  still  think  that  they  shall  be  heard  for 
much  speaking:  come,  come  away,  my  dear  Garrick,  and 
teach  us  another  lesson." 

28  The  Eev.  Philip  Francis,  translator  of  Plorace  and 
Demosthenes ;  in  the  fomier  work  he  Avas  considerably  as- 
sisted by  Dr.  Dunkin,  and  it  is  still  the  most  successful 
attempt  to  translate  an  untranslatable  work. 

41  John  Langhorne,  D.  D.  the  translator  of  Plutarch,  and 
author  of  some  poetical  pieces  of  merit.  His  writings  are 
correct  and  delicate,  but  are  deficient  in  force  of  thought  and 
expression.  He  was  author  of  the  answer  to  the  Prophecy 
of  Famine,  entitled  Genius  and  Valour,  noticed  in  our  pre- 
liminary remarks  on  the  former  poem.  His  Fables  of  Flora 
are  elegantlj'  told,  and  are  deservedly  the  most  popular  of  his 
productions.  He  was  on  terms  of  intimacy  with  General 
Crawford  and  Lord  Eardley,  and  laid  the  scene  of  many  of 
his  pastoral  and  other  poems  at  Belvidere  in  Kent,  the  seat 
of  that  nobleman.  Dr.  Langhorne  was  also  the  author  of  a 
tragedy,  called  the  Fatal  Prophecy,  and  of  a  ver}-  feeble 
mixture  of  prose  and  verse,  entitled,  Effusions  of  Friendship 
and  Fancy.  He  died  in  1779,  a  victim,  as  it  is  said  of  hira 
in  Baker's  Biographia  Dramatica,  to  his  too  frequent  visits 
to  the  Peacock,  a  Burton  ale-house  in  Gray's  Inn  Lane.  He 
was  part  editor  and  also  a  principal  contributor  to  the  Criti- 
cal Review. 


THE    CANDIDATE.  133 

What  though  they  lay  the  realms  of  Genius 

waste, 
Fetter  the  fancy  and  debauch  the  taste ; 
Though  they,  like  doctors,  to  approve  their  skill, 
Consult  not  how  to  cure,  but  how  to  kill ; 
Though  by  whim,  envy,  or  resentment  led. 
They  damn  those  authors  whom  they  never  read ; 
Though,  other  rules  unknown,  one  rule  they  hold, 
To  deal  out  so  much  praise  for  so  much  gold :     eo 
Though  Scot  with  Scot,  in  damned  close  intrigues, 
Against  the  commonwealth  of  letters  leagues  ? 
Uncensured  let  them  pilot  at  the  helm. 
And  rule  in  letters,  as  they  ruled  the  realm : 
Ours  be  the  curse,  the  mean  tame  coward's 

curse,  « 

(Nor  could  ingenious  Malice  make  a  worse. 
To  do  our  sense,  and  honour  deep  despite) 
To  credit  what  they  say,  read  what  they  wi-ite. 
Enough  of  Scotland — let  her  rest  in  peace  ; 
The  cause  removed,  effects  of  course  should  cease. 
Why  should  I  tell,  how  Tweed,  too  mighty  grown, 
And  proudly  swell'd  with  waters  not  his  own, 
Burst  o'er  his  banks,  and,  by  desti'uction  led. 
O'er  our  faint  England  desolation  spread, 
Whilst,  riding  on  his  waves,  Ambition,  plumed 
In  tenfold  pride,  the  port  of  Bute  assumed, 
Now  that  the  river  god,  convinced,  though  late, 
And  yielding,  though  reluctantly,  to  Fate, 
Holds  his  fair  coui'se,  and  with  more  humble 

tides, 


134  THE    CANDIDATE. 

In  tribute  to  the  sea,  as  usual,  glides  ;  8o 

Enough  of  States,  and  such  like  trifling  things ; 
Enough  of  kinglings,  and  enough  of  kings ; 
Henceforth,  secui'C,  let  ambush'd  statesmen  lie, 
Spread  the  court  web,  and  catch  the  patriot  fly : 
Henceforth,  unwliipt  of  Justice,  uncontroll'd        8.3 
By  fear  or  shame,  let  Vice,  secure  and  bold. 
Lord  it  with  all  her  sons,  whilst  Virtue's  groan 
Meets  with  compassion  only  from  the  throne. 

Enough  of  Patriots — all  I  ask  of  man 
Is  only  to  be  honest  as  lie  can :  so 

Some  have  deceived,  and  some  may  still  deceive; 
'Tis  the  fool's  curse  at  random  to  believe. 
Would  those,  who,  by  opinion  placed  on  high, 
Stand  fair  and  perfect  in  their  country's  eye. 
Maintain  that  honour,  let  me  in  their  ear  « 

8'  We  may  here  add  anotlier  quotation  from  Langliorne's 
Poem  of  Genius  and  Valour  to  that  before  given  in  a  note  on 
the  Prophecy  of  Famine,  vol.  i.  p.  175. 

In  spite  of  faction's  blind  unmannered  rage, 
Of  various  fortune  and  destructive  age, 
Fair  Scotland's  honoui-s  yet  unchanged  are  seen. 
Her  palms  still  blooming  and  her  laurels  green. 
Lord  Bute,  on  Sept.  8,  1763,  ostensibly  retired  from  the  ad- 
ministration of  public  affairs,  which  led  to  the  speedy  disso- 
lution of  a  cabinet  as  contemptible  for  talent  as  it  had  become 
odious  to  all  classes  of  the  public  by  its  arbitrary  and  uncon- 
stitutional encroachments  on  the  most  sacred  rights  of  the 
people,  their  persons,  and  their  domiciles. 

90  Patriots,  Sir  Robert  Walpole  said,  are  easily  raised.  I 
have  myself  made  many  a  one,  'tis  but  to  refuse  an  unrea- 
sonable demand,  and  up  springs  a  patriot.  See  also  Supple- 
mental Note. 


THE    CANDIDATE.  135 

Hint  this  essential  doctrine — Persevere. 
Should  they  (which  Heaven  forbid)  to  v/in  the 

grace 
Of  some  proud  courtier,  or  to  gain  a  place, 
Their  king  and  country  sell,  with  endless  shame 
The  avenojing  Muse  shall  mark  each  traitorous 

name; 
But  if,  to  honour  true,  they  scorn  to  bend,  loi 

And,  proudly  honest,  hold  out  to  the  end. 
Their  grateful  country  shall  their  fame  record, 
And  I  myself  descend  to  praise  a  loi'd. 

Enough  of  Wilkes — with  good  and  honest  men 
His  actions  speak  much  stronger  than  my  pen. 
And  future  ages  shall  his  name  adore, 
"When  he  can  act  and  I  can  write  no  more. 
England  may  prove  ungrateful  and  unjust,  109 

But  fostering  France  shall  ne'er  betray  her  trust : 

110  Wilkes,  at  this  time,  had  withdrawn  to  France,  from  the 
double  prosecution  hanging  over  him  for  No.  45  of  the  North 
Briton,  and  the  Essay  on  Woman.  That  ingenious  piibUca- 
tion,  Chrysal,  or  the  Adventures  of  a  Guinea,  by  Charles 
Johnson,  contains  a  tolerably  accurate  delineation  of  his 
character,  which  should  be  read  as  an  antidote  to  our  author's 
infatuated  panegyric. 

At  the  same  time  there  is  no  denj-ing  but  that  he  achieved 
some  great  constitutional  objects  for  his  countrj',  and  with 
undaunted  spirit  wrote  down  one  administration,  who,  ha(J  its 
members  been  of  ability  equal  to  their  inclination,  would  have 
revived  those  restrictions  on  the  press  which  formed  one  of 
the  worst  features  of  the  reign  of  Charles  the  Second,  the 
worst  of  sovereigns,  Tiberius  not  excepted. 

It  was  Wilkes  also  who  first  taught  the  public  to  consider 
the  King's  speech  as  the  mere  fabrication  of  his  ministers,  and 


136 


THE    CANDIDATE. 


'Tis  a  brave  debt  wliieb  gods  on  man  impose, 
To  pay  with  praise  the  merit  e'en  of  foes. 
"When  the  great  warrior  of  Amilcar's  race 
Made  Rome's  wide  empire  tremble  to  lier  base, 
To  prove  lier  virtue,  though  it  gall'd  lier  pride, 
Rome  gave  that  fiime  which  Carthage  had  denied. 

Enough  of  Self — that  darling  luscious  theme, 
O'er  which  philosophers  in  I'aptures  dream ; 
Of  which  with  seeming  disregai'd  they  write, 
Then  prizing  most,  when  most  they  seem  to 

slight ;  120 

Vain  proof  of  folly  tinctured  strong  with  pride ! 
What  man  can  from  himself  himself  divide  ? 
For  me,  (nor  dare  I  lie)  my  leading  aim 
(Conscience  first  satisfied)  is  love  of  fame  ; 

as  such  proper  to  be  commented  on,  approved  or  treated  with 
contempt.  By  his  bold  and  detennined  conduct  in  the  case 
of  the  city  printers,  ho  anniliilated  the  povi-er  of  commitment 
assumed  by  the  Speaker's  warrant,  and  rendered  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  the  Serjeant-at-arais  subject  to  the  control  of  a  con- 
stable. He  punished  arbitrary  secretaries  of  state  by  holding 
them  up  to  public  scorn,  abolished  general  warrants,  and 
obliged  even  Lord  Mansfield  to  declare  them  illegal.  But 
this  was  not  all:  he  contributed  to  render  an  Englishman's 
house  his  castle,  for  it  is  to  him  we  are  indebted  for  the 
benefit  of  having  our  papers  considered  as  sacred  in  all  cases 
short  of  high  treason. 

Horace  Walpole  thus  writes,  July  31,  1T62,  to  Lady  Cliles- 
bury,  "  Election  stock  more  buyers  than  sellers.  Promotions 
— Mr.  Wilkes  as  high  as  he  can  go.  Apropos  he  was  told. 
Lord  Chancellor  intended  to  signify  to  him  that  the  King 
did  not  approve  the  city's  choice;  he  replied,  then  I  shall 
signify  to  his  Lordship  that  I  am  at  least  as  fit  to  be  Lord 
Mayor  as  he  is  to  be  Lord   Chancellor.     This  being  more 


THE    CANDIDATE.  137 

Some  little  fame  derived  from  some  brave  few, 
Who  prizing  Honour,  prize  her  votaries  too. 
Let  all  (nor  shall  resentment  flush  my  cheek) 
Who  know  me  well,  what  they  know,  freely 

speak, 
So  those  (tlie  greatest  curse  I  meet  below) 
Who  know  me  not,  may  not  pretend  to  know. 
Let  none  of  those,  who  bless'd  with  parts  above 
My  feeble  genius,  still  I  dare  to  love, 
Doins;  more  mischief  than  a  thousand  foes, 
Posthumous  nonsense  to  the  world  expose, 
And  call  it  mine ;  for  mine,  though  never  known. 
Or  which,  if  mine,  I  living  blush'd  to  own.        i3s 
Know  all  the  world,  no  greedy  heir  shall  find, 

gospel  than  every  thing  Mr.  Wilkes  says,  the  formal  appro- 
bation was  given." 

When  the  Wilkes  fever  had  subsided,  Walpole  says  to  his 
friend  Conway,  "  We  can  go  through  the  city  without  being 
mobbed,  and  through  Brentford  without  having  No.  45 
chalked  on  one's  coach-door.  Wilkes  is  almost  as  dead  as 
Sacheverill." 

Wilkes,  with  his  usual  hiimour,  while  in  exile  wrote  to  his 
friend  Garrick  from  Paris,  Jan.  17, 1767. 

"  I  keep  a  steady  and  a  longing  eye  to  clear  England,  but 
I  do  not  know  when  I  am  likely  to  see  its  white  cliffs  again. 
Perhaps  I  may  be  doomed,  like  my  predecessors  in  Plutarch, 
to  pass  the  rest  of  my  life  in  exile,  so  dangerous  is  it  to  do  great 
service  to  any  country." 

In  the  full  tide  of  Wilkes's  popularity,  on  his  return  to 
London,  through  which  he  was  carried  on  the  shoulders  of 
the  mob,  Burke  quoted  from  Horace's  character  of  Pindar — 

Numerisquefe7'tur, 


Lege  sdlutui. 


138  THE    CANDIDATE. 

Die  when  I  will,  one  couplet  left  behind. 
Let  none  of  those,  whom  I  despise  though  great. 
Pretending  friendship  to  give  malice  weight,      mo 
Publish  my  life ;  let  no  false  sneaking  peer, 
(Some  such  there  are)  to  win  the  public  ear, 
Hand  me  to  shame  with  some  vile  anecdote. 
Nor  soul-gall'd  bishop  damn  me  with  a  note. 
Let  oaie  poor  sprig  of  bay  around  my  head         uj 
Bloom  whilst  I  live,  and  point  me  out  when  dead  ; 
Let  it,  (may  Heaven,  indulgent,  grant  that  prayer) 
Be  planted  on  my  grave,  nor  wither  there ; 
And  when,  on  travel  bound,  some  rhyming  guest 


138  Churchill,  before  his  death,  dcstroA-ed  all  his  manu- 
scripts, excepting  the  Dedication  to  his  Sermons,  and  the 
Journey,  though  he  completed  neither  of  these  poems,  he  had 
■written  a  poem  entitled  the  Conclave,  previous  to  the  Rosciad, 
but  it  was  deemed  too  offensive  for  publication.  A  short 
poem  called  the  Poetry  Pi-ofessors,  was  confident!}^  attributed 
to  him,  but  it  was  written  by  his  friend  Robert  Lloyd,  and 
published  in  the  St.  James's  Magazine,  of  which  he  was  the 
Editor. 

1*1  John  Boyle,  Earl  of  Cork  and  Orrery,  the  translator 
of  Pliny's  Letters,  was  also  the  author  of  Observations  on  the 
Life  of  Swift,  whose  memory  is  nottreated  in  them  either  with 
candour  or  impartiality.  In  them  his  Lordship  attributes  the 
humiliating  condition,  to  which  the  Dean  was  reduced  for 
many  years  before  his  death,  to  a  judgment  of  heaven  upon  his 
vanity  and  ambition,  and  concludes  with  comparing  him  to  one 
of  his  own  Laputan  Struldbrugs,  and  the  Dean's  head,  by  way 
of  frontispiece  to  the  book,  does  not  disparage  the  resemblance. 
Warburton  in  one  of  his  letters  to  Dr.  Hurd,  with  liis  wonted 
power,  and  more  than  his  wonted  justice,  well  exposes  this 
sample  of  lordly  and  pedantic  biography. 

"  Lord  Orrery's  imperial  flower  of  speech,  the  sovereign  of 


\ 


THE    CANDIDATE.  139 

Roams  througli  the  Churchyard,  whilst  liis  din- 
ner's drest,  150 
Let  it  hold  up  this  comment  to  his  eyes, 
Life  to  the  last  enjoy 'd.  Here  Churchill  lies  ; 
Whilst  (0,  what  joy  that  pleasing  flattery  gives  !) 
Reading  my  Works,  he  cries — Here  Churchill 
lives. 
Enough  of  Satire — in  less  harden'd  times      i3J 
Great  was  her  force,  and  mighty  were  her  rhymes. 
I've  read  of  men,  beyond  man's  daring  brave. 
Who  yet  have  trembled  at  the  strokes  she  gave  ; 
Whose  souls  have  felt  more  terrible  alai'ms 
From  her  one  line,  than  from  a  world  in  arms ; 
When  in  her  faithful  and  immortal  page 

this  grove  of  delights  is  what  the  French  call  Galimatias — but 
seriously  what  would  the  noble  lord  say  of  his  enemies  when 
he  draws  so  chai-ming  a  picture  of  diablerie  from  his  friend, 
yet  he  himself  told  me  he  pursued  their  friendship  so  sedu- 
lously that  he  suffered  numberless  indignities  from  Swift  be- 
fore he  could  be  admitted  to  any  degree  of  familiarity.  Per- 
haps then  he  had  taken  his  revenge  in  this  representation 
which  however  1  believe  a  true  one.  But  it  seems  a  strange 
office  in  a  friend  to  acquaint  the  public  with  such  truths ; 
don't  you  think  that  age  in  want  of  a  little  truth  and  sense, 
which  gave  credit  to  the  Bottle  man,  and  applauses  to  Orrery's 
Letters,  of  which  the  bookseller  told  me  he  had  sold  twelve 
thousand,  the  first  impression  having  been  disposed  of  in  one 
day." 

1^  The  reader  requires  no  prompter  to  remind  him  that 
Warburton  is  the  person  alluded  to  in  this  line. 

I'la  A  humble  grave,  in  the  churchyard  of  Dover,  con- 
tains aU  that  was  mortal  of  our  author.  His  being  buried  in 
a  place  so  much  frequented  by  travellers  almost  gives  an  air 
of  prophecy  to  these  affecting  lines. 


140  THE    CANDIDATE. 

They  saw  transmitted  down  from  age  to  age 
Recorded  villains,  and  each  spotted  name 
Branded  with  marks  of  everlasting  shame, 
Succeeding  villains  sought  her  as  a  friend,  i6i 

And,  if  not  really  mended,  feign'd  to  mend ; 
But  in  an  age,  when  actions  are  allow'd 
Wliich  strike  all  honour  dead,  and  crimes  avow'd 
Too  terrible  to  suffer  the  report, 
Avow'd  and  praised  by  men  who  stain  a  court, 
Propp'd  by  the  arm  of  Power ;  when  Vice,  high 

born, 
High-bred,  high-station'd,  holds  rebuke  in  scorn ; 
When  she  is  lost  to  every  thought  of  fame ; 
And,  to  all  virtue  dead,  is  dead  to  shame ; 
When  Prudence  a  much  easier  task  must  hold 
To  make  a  new  world,  than  reform  the  old ; 
Satire  throws  by  her  arrows  on  the  ground, 
And  if  she  cannot  cure,  she  will  not  wound- 
Come,  Panegyric — though  the  Muse  disdains. 
Founded  on  truth,  to  prostitute  her  strains         iso 
At  the  base  instance  of  those  men  who  hold 
No  argument  but  power,  no  god  but  gold, 
Yet,  mindful  that  from  heaven  she  drew  her  birth, 
She  scorns  the  narrow  maxims  of  this  earth ; 
Virtuous  herself,  brings  Virtue  forth  to  view,     iss 

i"9  Churchill  as  well  as  Pope  might  justly  say  of  him- 
self— 

I  am  not  used  to  panegyric  strains, 
Besides  a  fate  attends  on  all  1  write, 
That  when  I  aim  at  praise,  they  say  I  bite. 


THE    CANDIDATE.  141 

And  loves  to  praise,  where  praise  is  justly  due. 

Come,  Panegyric — in  a  former  hour. 
My  soul  with  pleasure  yielding  to  thy  power, 
Thy  shrine  I  sought,  I  pray'd — but  wanton  air, 
Before  it  reach'd  thy  ears,  dispersed  my  prayer ; 
E'en  at  thy  altars  whilst  I  took  my  stand, 
The  pen  of  truth  and  honour  in  my  hand. 
Fate,  meditating  wrath  'gainst  me  and  mine. 
Chid  my  fond  zeal,  and  thwarted  my  design, 
Whilst,  Hayter  brought  too  quickly  to  his  end, 
I  lost  a  subject  and  mankind  a  friend.  iss 

Come,  Panegyric — bending  at  thy  throne. 
Thee  and  thy  power  my  soul  is  proud  to  own : 
Be  thou  my  kind  protector,  thou  my  guide, 
And  lead  me  safe  through  passes  yet  untried. 
Broad  is  the  road,  nor  difficult  to  find,  aoi 

"Which  to  the  house  of  Satire  leads  mankind ; 


195  Dr.  Thomas  Hayter,  Bishop  of  Norwich,  was  the  natu- 
ral son  of  Blackbourn,  Archbishop  of  York,  and  in  Sept. 
1761,  translated  to  the  See  of  London,  at  a  time  of  life  when 
his  powers  both  of  mind  and  body  were  in  their  full  vigour, 
but  he  had  no  opportunity  of  displaying  them  in  that  station, 
as  he  died  in  the  month  of  February  in  the  succeeding  year 
of  a  quinsy. 

Ostendent  ierris  hunc  iantum  fata  neqiie  ultra, 
Esse  sinunt. 

He  was  the  intimate  friend  of  Jortin  and  of  Clarke,  and 
had  been  appointed,  in  1759,  Governor  to  George  the  Third, 
then  Prince  of  Wales,  but  was  abruptly  dismissed  by  the 
Princess  Dowager  and  Lord  Bute,  on  their  discovering  that 
he  was  bent  on  giving  that  solid  instruction  to  the  Prince 


142  THE    CANDIDATE. 

Narrow,  and  unfrequented,  are  the  ways, 
Scarce  found  out  in  an  age,  which  lead  to  praise. 
What  though  no  theme  I  choose  of  vulgar  note. 


'o 


Nor  Avish  to  write  as  brother  bards  have  wrote. 
So  mild,  so  meek  in  praising,  that  they  seem 
Afraid  to  wake  their  patrons  from  a  dream? 
What  though  a  theme  I  choose,  which  might  de- 
mand 
The  nicest  touches  of  a  master's  hand  ?  =10 

Yet,  if  the  inwai-d  workings  of  my  soul 
Deceive  me  not,  I  shall  attain  the  goal. 
And  Envy  shall  behold,  in  triumph  raised. 
The  poet  praising,  and  the  patron  praised. 

What  patron  shall  I  choose  ?  shall  public  voice. 
Or  private  knowledge,  influence  my  choice  ?      216 

which  it  was  their  interest,  and  that  of  the  cabal  of  Leicester 
liouse  to  withhold. 

The  following  lines  were  written  on  the  occasion : — 

Not  gentler  virtues  glowed  in  Cambray's  breast, 
Not  more  his  young  Telemachus  was  blessed; 
Till  envy,  faction,  and  ambitious  rage, 
Drove  from  a  guilty  court  the  pious  sage. 
Back  to  his  flock  with  transport  he  withdrew. 
And  but  one  sigh,  an  honest  one  he  knew ! 

0  guard  my  royal  pupil,  heaven!  he  said;  , 
Let  not  his  youth  be,  like  my  age,  betrayed! 

1  would  have  formed  his  footsteps  in  thy  way — 
But  "  vice  prevails,  and  impious  men  bear  sway." 

Horace  Walpole,  as  usual,  vents  some  small  sneers  and 
insinuations  against  the  Bishop,  but  being  unable  to  substan- 
tiate a  single  charge  against  him,  just  hints  a  fault,  and  hesi- 
tates dislike. 


THE    CANDIDATE.  143 

Shall  I 'prefer  the  grand  retreat  of  Stowe, 
Or,  seeking  patriots,  to  friend  Wildman's  go? 
"  To  Wildman's  ! "  cried  Discretion,  (who  had 

heard, 
Close  standing  at  my  elbow,  every  word)  mo 

"  To  Wildman's !   art  thou  mad  ?   canst  thou  be 

sure 
One  moment  there  to  have  thy  head  secure  ? 
Are  they  not  all  (let  observation  tell) 
All  mark'd  in  characters  as  black  as  hell, 
In  Doomsday  book,  by  ministers  set  down,         225 
Who  style  their  pride  the  honour  of  the  crown  ? 
Make  no  reply — let  reason  stand  aloof — 
Pi-esumptions  here  must  pass  as  solemn  proof. 

217  Then  the  magnificent  seat  of  the  excellent  Earl  Temple, 
and  now  of  the  Duke  of  Buckingham,  and  celebrated,  while 
in  possession  of  Lord  Cobham,  by  Pope,  in  these  lines : 

"  Still  follow  sense,  of  every  art  the  soul, 
Parts  answering  parts  shall  slide  into  a  whole; 
Spontaneous  beauties  all  around  advance. 
Start  e'en  from  difficulty,  strike  from  chance. 
Nature  shall  join  you ;  time  shall  make  it  grow 
A  work  to  wonder  at,  perhaps  a  Stowe." 

Moit,vii  Essays. 

218  The  minority,  with  the  Duke  of  Devonshire  at  their 
head,  estabUshed  a  society  at  a  tavern  in  Albemarle  Street, 
kept  by  one  Wildman,  a  brother-in-law  of  Mr.  J.  H.  Tooke. 
This  institution  was  intended  merely  to  keep  the  party 
together,  compact  and  ready  for  action,  without  entering 
into  any  political  discussions.  But,  on  the  apostasy  of 
many  of  the  members,  the  party  dwindled  away,  and  the 
death  of  the  Duke  of  Devonshire  completed  the  dissolution 
of  the  society. 


144  THE    CANDIDATK. 

Tliat  settled  faith,  that  love  which  over  springs 
In  the  best  subjects,  for  the  best  of  kings,  230 

Must  not  be  measured  now,  by  what  men  think. 
Or  say,  or  do — by  what  they  eat  and  drink  ; 
Where  and  with  whom,  that  question's  to  be  tried, 
And  statesmen  are  the  judges  to  decide ; 
No  juries  call'd,  or,  if  call'd,  kept  in  awe  ;  2^5 

They,  facts  confess'd,  in  themselves  vest  the  law. 
Each  dish  at  Wildman's  of  sedition  smacks ; 
Blasphemy  may  be  gospel  at  Almack's." 

Peace,  good  Discretion  1  peace — thy  fears  are 
vain ; 
Ne'er  will  I  herd  with  Wildman's  factious  train ; 

238  Old  Alraacks,  a  noted  Tory  club-house  in  Pall  Mall, 
the  name  of  ■which  has  been  since  transferred  to  a  coterie  of 
female  noblesse  of  the  highest  birth  and  fashion,  under  whose 
conduct,  subscription  assemblies  and  entertainments  of  the 
most  select  and  exclusive  character,  are  held  during  the 
London  season. 

240  Wildman  was  a  wine-merchant,  and  originally  kept  a 
coffee-house  in  Bedford  Street,  Covent  Garden,  which  was 
frequented  by  the  most  vehement  of  Wilkes's  supporters  in 
Westminster;  he  afterwards  removed  his  establishment  to 
Argyle  Street,  and  ultimately,  in  1765,  obtained  the  situation 
of  Cofferer  of  the  wine-cellar  in  the  royal  household. 

Wildman,  with  Gay  and  Cotes,  acted  subordinate  parts  in 
the  discreditable  episode  between  John  Wilkes  and  John 
Home,  afterwards  Tooke,  involving  a  question  of  old  clothes 
which  the  latter  alleged  had  been  purchased  for  Wilkes  when 
at  Paris,  by  Wildman,  and  sold  or  pawned  by  the  former. 
An  acrimonious  correspondence  took  place  between  Wilkes 
and  Home,  on  the  subject  of  these  vestimenta  pretiosa  of 
Eutrapelus  as  Wilkes  called  them,  adding  in  a  letter  to  Home, 
"  I  hope.  Sir,  the  putting  them  on  will  not  have  the  same  effect 


THE    CANDIDATE.  145 

Never  the  vengeance  of  the  great  incur,  241 

Nor,  Avithout  might,  against  the  mighty  stir. 
If,  from  long  proof  my  temper  you  distrust. 
Weigh  my  profession,  to  my  gown  be  just ; 
Dost  thou  one  parson  know  so  void  of  grace      245 
To  pay  his  court  to  patrons  out  of  place  ? 

If  still  you  doubt  (though  scarce  a  doubt  re- 
mains) 
Search  through  my  alter'd   heart,  and  try  my 
reins. 


on  you  as  formerly  on  him ;  "  to  which  Home  retorted,  "If 
they  have  no  more  effect  on  me  than  Horace  supposes  them 
to  have  had  on  Eutrapelus,  they  -will  not  do  me  much  mis- 
chief: 

Eutrapelus  cuicunque  nocere  volebat 
Vestimenta  dabat  pretiosa. 

"  The  fact  is,  Sir,  as  any  schoolboy  can  tell  you,  that  Eu- 
ti-apelus  did  not  wear  the  clothes  himself  as  you  suppose,  but 
left  them  with  a  profligate  at  Paris;  and  the  bad  effects 
enumerated  by  Horace,  in  the  following  lines,  relate  to  the 
fellow  who  pawned  them,  and  not  to  Eutrapelus  who  gave 
him  the  opportunity." 

Home  also  charged  "Wilkes  with  having  given  him  a  draft 
on  his  banker  for  ^1500,  when  he  knew  he  had  not  fifteen 
pence  in  the  world;  this  ingenious  device,  which  aj^parently 
constituted  one  of  Wilkes's  qualifications  for  the  representa- 
tion of  Middlesex,  has  by  the  operation  of  the  reform  act, 
in  its  considerate  indulgence  to  human  infirmity,  becomfe 
extended  to  its  metropolitan  boroughs;  more  than  one  of 
which  has  rejoiced  in  a  member  possessing  that  qualification 
in  common  with  Wilkes,  and  equally  profligate  with  him  in 
life  and  conversation,  but  ha%-ing  no  pretence  to  his  ability, 
his  classical  acquirements,  his  public  services,  or  his  brilliancy 
of  social  wit. 

VOL.   III.  10 


146  THE    CANDIDATE. 

There,  searching,  find,  nor  deem  me  now  in  sport, 

A  convert  made  by  Sandwich  to  the  court.         2so 

Let  madmen  follow  error  to  the  end, 

I,  of  mistakes  convinced,  and  proud  to  mend, 

Strive  to  act  better,  being  better  taught, 

Nor  blush  to  own  that   change  which  reason 

wrought : 
For  such  a  change  as  this,  must  justice  speak ; 
My  heart  was  honest,  but  my  head  was  weak. 

Bigot  to  no  one  man,  or  set  of  men, 
Without  one  selfish  view,  I  drew  my  pen  ; 
My  country  ask'd,  or  seem'd  to  ask,  my  aid, 
Obedient  to  that  call,  I  left  off  trade  ;  sso 

A  side  I  chose,  and  on  that  side  was  strong, 
Till  time  hath  fairly  proved  me  in  the  wrong : 
Convinced,  I  change,  (can  any  man  do  more  ?) 
And  have  not  greater  patriots  changed  before  ? 
Changed,  I  at  once  (can  any  man  do  less  ?)       sss 
Without  a  single  blush,  that  change  confess ; 
Confess  it  with  a  manly  kind  of  pride, 
And  quit  the  losing  for  the  winning  side, 

250  John  Montague,  Earl  of  Sandwich,  was,  in  Sept.  1763, 
appointed  one  of  the  principal  Secretaries  of  State.  His  Lord- 
ship's abilities  as  a  statesman  and  his  virtues  as  a  man 
were  at  least  doubtful,  until  the  full  conviction  of  them 
blazed  upon  the  public  in  the  memoirs  prefixed  to  his  voyage 
in  the  Levant,  written  by  the  disinterested  and  impartial 
pen  of  his  chaplain,  the  Reverend  Jolm  Cooke.  During  his 
lifetime  the  Earl  of  Sandwich  acquired,  according  to  the 
habitual  alternations  of  his  conduct,  the  sobriquets  of 
Lothario,  from  the  hero  of  the  Fair  Penitent,  or  of  Jemmy 
Twitcher,  one  of  Macheath's  gang  in  the  Beggar's  Opera. 


THE    CANDIDATE.  147 

Granting,  whilst  virtuous  Sandwich  holds  the 

rein, 
What  Bute  for  ages  might  have  sought  in  vain. 
Hail,  Sandwich — nor  shall  Wilkes  resentment 

show,  271 

Hearing  the  praises  of  so  brave  a  foe —  [refuse 
Hail,  Sandwich — nor,  through  pride,  shalt  thou 
The  grateful  tribute  of  so  mean  a  Muse — 

271  The  Earls  of  Sandwich  and  of  March  voluntered  their 
evidence  in  the  house  of  Lords  in  support  of  the  charges 
brought  against  Wilkes,  as  the  author  of  several  obscene, 
blasphemous,  and  impious  libels ;  and  in  their  seats  in  Par- 
liament, these  noble  Lords  displayed  a  zealous  sense  of  reli- 
gious horror  at  the  crime  of  the  offender.  Lord  Sandwich  had 
indeed  once  been  on  the  most  intimate  footing  of  friendship 
with  Mr.  Wilkes  until  political  differences  occasioned  its 
dissolution,  and  by  their  habits  of  life,  and  thorough  ac- 
quaintance with  the  topics  of  their  reprehension,  their  Lord- 
ships were  no  doubt  peculiarly  calculated  for  making  their 
declamatory  accusation.  The  Earl  of  Chesterfield,  in  a  letter 
to  his  son,  expresses  his  sense  of  the  obligations  conferred 
upon  their  country  by  the  patriotic  commoner,  and  the  virtuous 
peer.  "Happy,"  says  he,  "is  it  for  this  nation,  that  God 
hath  been  pleased  to  raise  up  in  Mr.  Wilkes  a  patriotic  de- 
fender of  our  rights  and  liberties,  and  in  the  Earl  of  Sand- 
wich so  zealous  a  defender  of  our  religion  and  morals." 

The  political  character  of  the  Earl  of  Sandwich  sustained 
some  severe  shocks,  particularly  on  his  appointment  to  the 
head  of  the  Admiralty,  in  1771,  when  repeated  motions  were 
made  in  both  Houses  pointedly  censuring  his  conduct  in  that 
situation,  and  praying  his  removal.  In  1782,  a  very  severe 
motion  was  made  by  Mr.  Fox,  on  the  same  subject,  which, 
in  a  full  house,  was  negatived  by  a  majority  of  only  nineteen 
voices,  and  was  immediately  followed  by  a  complete  change 
of  administration. 


148  THE    CANDIDATE. 

Sandwich,  all  hail — when  Bute  with  foreign  hand, 
Grown  wanton  with  ambition,  scourged  the  land  ; 
When  Scots,  or  slaves  to  Scotsmen,  steer'd  the 

helm ; 
When  peace,  inglorious  peace,  disgraced  the  realm, 
Distrust,  and  general  discontent  prevail'd ; 
But  when,  (he  best  knows  why)  his  spirits  fail'd ; 
When,  with  a  sudden  panic  struck,  he  fled,         sm 
Sneak'd  out  of  power,  and  hid  his  miscreant  head  ; 
When,  like  a  Mars,  (fear  order'd  to  retreat) 
We  saw  thee  nimbly  vault  into  his  seat. 
Into  the  scat  of  power,  at  one  bold  leap,  :85 

A  perfect  connoisseur  in  statesmanship  ; 
When,  like  another  Machiavel,  we  saw 
Thy  fingers  twisting,  and  untwisting  law, 
Straining,  where  godlike  Reason  bade,  and  where 
She  warranted  thy  mercy,  pleased  to  spare  ;      290 
Saw  thee  resolved,  and  fix'd  (come  what,  come 

might) 
To  do  thy  God,  thy  king,  thy  country,  right ; 


282  Lord  Bute,  finding  the  whole  English  nation  exaspe- 
rated against  him  after  the  Excise  Bill  had  received  the  royal 
assent,  thought  proper  to  resign,  having  continued  in  power 
ten  months  and  ten  days.  He  immediately  retired  to  Har- 
rowgate,  glad  to  escape  from  the  threatening  insults  of  an  in- 
furiated London  populace.  He  had,  however,  with  consider- 
able discretion,  previous  to  his  resignation,  secured  places 
and  pensions  for  his  relations  and  dependents  to  the  amount 
of  above  .£8000  per  annum ;  a  very  paltry  sum  indeed  as  com- 
pared with  the  dealings  in  that  way  of  some  of  his  successors 
in  the  Premiership. 


THE    CANDIDATE.  149 

All  things  were  changed,  suspense  remain'd  no 

more. 
Certainty  reign'd  where  doubt  had  reign'd  before  : 
All  felt  thy  virtues,  and  all  knew  their  use,        295 
What  virtues  such  as  thine  must  needs  produce. 

Thy  foes  (for  honour  ever  meets  with  foes) 
Too  mean  to  praise,  too  fearful  to  oppose, 
In  sullen  silence  sit ;  thy  friends  (some  few,       293 
Who,  friends  to  thee,  are  friends  to  honour  too) 
Plaud  thy  brave  bearing,  and  the  Commonweal 
Expects  her  safety  from  thy  stubborn  zeal. 
A  place  amongst  the  rest  the  Muses  claim. 
And  bring  this  free-will  offering  to  thy  fame ; 
To  25rove  their  virtue,  make  thy  virtues  known, 
And,  holding  up  thy  fame,  secure  their  own.      305 

From  his  youth  upwards  to  the  present  day. 
When  vices,  more  than  years,  have  mai'k'd  him 

gray ; 
When  riotous  excess,  with  wasteful  hand. 
Shakes  life's  frail  glass,  and  hastes  each  ebbing 

sand. 
Unmindful  from  what  stock  he  drew  his  birth. 
Untainted  with  one  deed  of  real  worth,  312 

Lothario,  holding  honour  at  no  price, 

307  Xhe  mingled  vein  of  ironical  praise,  and  of  unqua- 
lified execration  which  pervades  this  poem,  constitutes  it 
perhaps  the  severest  satire  ever  •m-itten  by  the  pen  of  man, 
though  the  inspiration  naturally  resulting  from  such  a  subject 
may  detract  somewhat  from  the  merit  of  the  poet,  to  whom 
the  praises  of  imagination  and  invention  must  in  this  instance 
be  denied. 


150  THE    CANDIDATE. 

Folly  to  folly  added,  vice  to  vice ; 

Wrought  sin  with  greediness,  and  sought  for  shame 

With  greater  zeal  than  good  men  seek  for  fame. 

Where  (reason  left  without  the  least  defence) 
Laughter  was  mirth,  obscenity  was  sense  ; 
Where  Impudence  made  Decency  submit ; 
Where  noise  was  humour,  and  where  whim  was  wit ; 
Where  rude,  untemper'd  license  had  the  merit 
Of  liberty,  and  lunacy  was  spirit ;  3« 

Where  the  best  things  were  ever  held  the  worst, 
Lothario  was,  with  justice,  always  first. 

To  whip  a  top,  to  knuckle  down  at  taw, 
To  swing  upon  a  gate,  to  ride  a  straw, 
To  play  at  push-pin  with  dull  brother  peers. 
To  belch  out  catches  in  a  porter's  ears, 
To  reign  the  monarch  of  a  midnight  cell. 
To  be  the  gaping  chairman's  oracle ;  330 

Whilst,  in  most  blessed  union  rogue  and  whore 
Clap  hands,  huzza,  and  hiccup  out,  encore  ; 
Whilst  gray  Authority,  who  slumbers  there 
In  robes  of  watchman's  fur,  gives  up  his  chair ; 
With  midnight  howl  to  bay  the  affrighted  moon. 
To  walk  with  torches  through  the  streets  at  noon ; 
To  force  plain  nature  from  her  usual  way, 
Each  night  a  vigil,  and  a  blank  each  day ; 
To  match  for  speed  one  feather  'gainst  another, 
To  make  one  leg  run  races  with  his  brother :     340 
'Gainst  all  the  rest  to  take  the  northern  wind, 
Bute  to  ride  first,  and  he  to  ride  behind  ; 
To  coin  newfangled  wagers,  and  to  lay  'em, 


THE    CANDIDATE.  151 

Laying  to  lose,  and  losing  not  to  pay  'em  ; 
Lothario,  on  that  stock  which  nature  gives,        34s 
Without  a  rival  stands,  though  March  yet  lives. 

When  Folly,  (at  that  name  in  duty  bound, 
Let  subject  myriads  kneel,  and  kiss  the  ground. 
Whilst  they  who,  in  the  presence  upright  stand 
Are  held  as  rebels  through  the  loyal  land)  sse 

Queen  every  where,  but  most  a  queen  in  courts. 
Sent  forth  her  heralds,  and  proclaim'd  her  sports  ; 
Bade  fool  Avith  fool  on  her  behalf  engage. 
And  prove  her  right  to  reign  from  age  to  age, 
Lothario,  great  above  the  common  size,  355 

With  all  engaged,  and  won  from  all  the  prize ; 
Her  cap  he  wears,  which  from  his  youth  he  wore. 
And  every  day  deserves  it  more  and  more. 

Nor  in  such  limits  rests  his  soul  confined ; 
Folly  may  share,  but  can't  engross  his  mind ;     ^ 
Vice,  bold  substantial  Vice,  puts  in  her  claim, 
And  stamps  him  perfect  in  the  books  of  shame. 
Observe  his  follies  well,  and  you  would  swear 
Folly  had  been  his  first,  his  only  care ; 


3^6        alter  vergentibus  annis 

In  senium,  longoque  togse  tranquillior  nsu 
Dedidicit  jam  pace  ducem;  famseque  petitor 
Multa  dare  in  vulgus :  totus  popularibus  auris 
Impelli,  plausuque  sui  guadere  theatri : 
Nee  reparare  novas  vires;  raultumque  priori 
Credere  fortune ;  stat  magni  nominis  umbra 
QnaVis  fruffifero  quercus,  &c.     Lucani  Phars.  lib.  i. 

The  Duke  of  Queensbury  was  living  in  1804,  when  the 
above  quotation  was  made  in  the  first  edition.  For  some  ac- 
count of  him  and  of  his  death  see  Supplementary  Note. 


152  THE    CANDIDATE. 

Observe  his  vices,  you'll  that  oath  disown,  sss 

And  swear  that  he  was  born  for  vice  alone. 

Is  the  soft  nature  of  some  hapless  maid. 
Fond,  eusj-,  full  of  faith,  to  be  betray'd  ? 
Must  she,  to  virtue  lost,  be  lost  to  fame,  369 

And  he  who  w^rought  her  guilt  declare  her  shame  ? 
Is  some  brave  friend,  who,  men  but  little  known, 
Deems  every  heart  as  honest  as  his  own. 
And,  free  himself,  in  others  fears  no  guile, 
To  be  ensnared,  and  riiin'd  with  a  smile? 
Is  law  to  be  perverted  from  her  course  ?  37s 

Is  abject  fraud  to  league  with  brutal  force  ? 
Is  freedom  to  be  crush'd,  and  every  son 
Who  dares  maintain  her  cause,  to  be  undone  ? 
Is  base  corruption,  creeping  through  the  land. 
To  plan,  and  work  her  ruin,  underhand,  sso 

With  regular  approaches,  sure,  though  slow? 
Or  must  she  perish  by  a  single  blow  ? 
Are  kings  (who  trust  to  servants,  and  depend 
In  servants  (fond,  vain  thought !)  to  find  a  friend) 
To  be  abused,  and  made  to  draw  their  breath     sas 
In  darkness  thicker  than  the  shades  of  death  ? 
Is  God's  most  holy  name  to  be  profaned. 
His  word  rejected,  and  his  laws  arraign'd. 
His  servants  scorn'd,  as  men  who  idly  dream'd 

374  The  poet  here  endeavours  to  stigmatise  the  insincerity 
of  Lord  Sandwich's  conduct  to  Wilkes,  of  which  the  latter  Iiad 
certainly  reason  to  complain,  and  of  the  treachery  resorted  to 
in  betraying  the  results  of  their  unhallowed  orgies.  To  a 
well  constituted  mind  it  is  a  matter  of  some  exultation  to  ob- 
serve that  the  bands  by  which  profligates  are  associated 
yield  to  the  first  attacks  of  interest  or  caprice. 


391 


395 


THE    CANDIDATE.  153 

His  service  laugh'd  at,  and  his  Son  blasphemed  ? 
Are  debauchees  in  morals  to  preside  ? 
Is  faith  to  take  an  Atheist  for  her  guide  ? 
Is  Science  by  a  blockhead  to  be  led  ? 
Are  states  to  totter  on  a  drunkard's  head  ? 
To  answer  all  these  purposes,  and  more. 
More  black  than  ever  villain  plann'd  before, 
Search  earth,  search  hell,  the  devil  cannot  find 
An  agent,  like  Lothario,  to  his  mind. 

Is  this  nobility,  which,  sprung  from  kings, 
AVas  meant  to  swell  the  power  from  whence  it 

springs  ;  ^™ 

Is  this  the  glorious  produce,  this  the  fruit. 
Which  nature  hoped  for  from  so  rich  a  root  ? 
Were  there  but  two,(search  all  the  world  around) 
Were  there  but  two  such  nobles  to  be  found, 
The  very  name  would  sink  into  a  term  405 

Of  scorn,  and  man  would  rather  be  a  worm 
Than  be  a  lord  :  but  Nature,  full  of  grace, 
Nor  meaning  birth  and  titles  to  be  base. 
Made  only  one,  and  having  made  him,  swore, 
In  mercy  to  mankind,  to.  make  no  more  :  410 

Nor  stopp'd  she  there,  but,  like  a  generous  friend. 
The  ills,  which  error  caused,  she  strove  to  mend. 
And  having  brought  Lothario  forth  to  view. 
To  save  her  credit,  brought  forth  Sandwich  too. 

Gods  !  with  what  joy,  what  honest  joy  of  heart, 
Blunt  as  I  am,  and  void  of  every  art, 

414  Another  instance  of  ChurchiU's  favourite  antitypical 
application  of  his  satire. 


154  THE    CANDIDATE. 

Of  every  art  which  great  ones  in  the  state 
Practise  on  knaves  they  fear,  and  fools  they  hate, 
To  titles  with  reluctance  taught  to  bend, 
Nor  prone  to  think  that  virtues  can  descend,      420 
Do  I  behold  (a  sight,  alas  !  more  rare 
Than  honesty  could  wish)  the  noble  wear 
His  fatlier's  lionours,  when  his  life  makes  known 
They're  liis  by  virtue  not  by  birth  alone  ; 
When  he  recalls  his  father  from  the  grave, 
And  pays  with  interest  back  that  fame  he  gave  : 
Cured  of  her  splenetic  and  sullen  fits. 
To  such  a  peer  my  willing  soul  submits, 
And  to  such  virtue  is  more  proud  to  yield 
Than  'gainst  ten  titled  rogues  to  keep  the  field. 
Such,  (for  that  truth  e'en  envy  shall  allow)        431 
Such  Wyndham  was,  and  such  is  Sandwich  now. 

O  gentle  Montague,  in  blessed  hour 
Didst  thou  start  up  and  climb  the  stairs  of  power  ; 
England  of  all  her  fears  at  once  was  eased,        435 
Nor,  'mongst  her  many  foes  was  one  displeased ; 
France  heard  the  news,  and  told  it  cousin  Spain ; 
Spain  heard,  and  told  it  cousin  France  again ; 
The  Hollander  relinquish'd  his  design 
Of  adding  spice  to  spice,  and  mine  to  mine  ;       440 
Of  Indian  villanies  he  thought  no  more. 
Content  to  rob  us  on  our  native  shore  : 
Awed  by  thy  fame,  (which  winds  with  open  mouth 
Shall  blow  from  east  to  west,  from  north  to  south) 
The  western  world  shall  yield  us  her  increase, 
And  her  wild  sons  be  soften'd  into  peace  ;  446 

Rich  eastern  monarchs  shall  exhaust  their  stores, 


THE    CANDIDATE.  155 

And  pour  unbounded  wealth  on  Albion's  shoi'es  ; 
Unbounded  wealth,  which  from  those   golden 

scenes, 
And  all  acquired  by  honourable  means,  450 

Some  honourable  chief  shall  hither  steer, 
To  pay  our  debts,  and  set  the  nation  clear. 

Nabobs  themselves,  allured  by  thy  renown. 
Shall  pay  due  homage  to  the  English  crown ; 
Shall  freely  as  their  king  our  king  receive —      iss 
Provided,  the  Directors  give  them  leave. 

450  Meer  Jaffier,  Ali  Cawn,  on  his  elevation  to  the  Subah- 
ship  of  Bengal  by  the  victorious  arms  of  Lord  Clive,  then 
Colonel  Clive,  ceded  to  the  company  a  tract  of  country,  the 
annual  rent  of  which  amounted  to  £600,000,  reserving  to 
himself  the  quit  rents,  amounting  to  £30,000  a  year.  He  soon 
after  granted  these  quit  rents  to  the  colonel,  as  an  acknowledg- 
ment of  his  obligations  to  him.  The  payment  of  these  quit 
rents,  commonly  known  by  the  name  of  Clive' s  Jaghire,  was 
stopped  under  some  futile  pretences  by  the  directors  soon  after 
Lord  Clive's  first  return  to  England ;  but  he  insisted  upon  a 
full  restoration  of  his  right  before  he  sailed  the  second  time. 
The  ungrateful  and  unjustifiable  conduct  of  the  directors,  in 
thus  attacking  their  political  saviour,  arose  from  no  motives  of 
purity,  or  wish  to  restrain  the  unprincipled  rapacity  of  their 
servants ;  for  as  long  as  those  servants  paid  an  implicit  obe- 
dience to  their  will,  their  iniquity  was-  connived  at  ;  but 
Lord  Clive,  who  had  nobly  earned  his  wealth,  and  whose 
talents  were  equally  conspicuous  in  council  as  in  the  field, 
had,  on  his  return  to  England,  dared  to  question  the  conduct 
of  the  directors,  and  to  protect  the  rights  of  the  proprietors. 
The  insolence  and  arrogance  of  the  directors,  during  the 
brilliant  sunshine  of  Lord  Clive's  victories,  could  only  be 
equalled  by  their  mean  submission  to  his  dictates,  when  his 
commanding  genius  was  required  to  re-establish  their  crum- 
bling empire. 

456  The  affairs  of  the  East  India  Company,  began  at  this 


156  THE   CANDIDATE. 

Union  at  home  shall  mark  each  rising  year, 
Nor  taxes  be  complain'd  of,  though  severe ; 
Envy  lier  own  destroyer  shall  become,  4S9 

And  faction  with  her  thousand  mouths  be  dumb : 
With  the  meek  man  thy  meekness  sludl  prevail, 
Nor  with  the  spirited  thy  spirit  fail : 
Some  to  thy  force  of  reason  shall  submit, 
And  some  be  converts  to  thy  princely  wit : 
Reverence  for  thee  shall  still  a  nation's  cries,     465 
A  grand  concurrence  ci'own  a  grand  excise : 
And  unbelievers  of  the  first  degree, 
Who  have  no  faith  in  God,  have  faith  in  thee. 

When  a  strange  jumble,  whimsical  and  vain, 
Possess'd  the  region  of  each  heated  brain ; 
When  some  were  fools  to  censure,  some  to  praise, 
And  all  were  mad,  but  mad  in  different  ways  ; 

period  to  assume  a  new  aspect  of  political  importance.  The 
unexampled  success  of  Lord  Clive,  had  established  an  em- 
pire too  unwieldy  to  be  comprehended  within  the  narrow 
views  of  the  directors,  and  of  tlieir  factors  in  the  East.  They 
wantoned  with  dominion,  became  the  setters  up  and  pullers 
down  of  kings;  Meer  Jaffier,  and  Meer  Cossira  were  dethroned 
or  deposed,  as  best  suited  the  interested  views  of  the  council 
at  Calcutta ;  and  if  the  sovereign  they  nominated  dared  to 
assert  his  rights,  they  seemed  astonished  at  his  conduct,  and 
considered  it  as  justifying  an  appeal  to  force,  for  the  purpose 
of  punishing  his  presumption.  Under  these  circumstances, 
it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at,  that  factions  should  arise  among 
our  merchant-monarchs.  The  council  of  Calcutta  refused  to 
ratify  the  engagements  and  treaties  entered  into  by  Mr.  Van- 
sittart  their  governor.  On  the  news  of  these  divisions,  and 
of  the  successful  progress  of  Meer  Cossim's  arms,  reaching 
England,  India  stock  fell  14  per  cent.  Meetings  of  the  pro- 
prietors were  held  for  the  purpose  of  adopting  measures  for 


THE    CANDIDATE.  157 

"When  commonwealthsmen  starting  at  the  shade 
Which  in  their  own  wild  fancy  had  been  made, 
Of  tyrants  dreain'd,  who  wore  a  thorny  crown, 
And   with   state    bloodhounds    hunted    Freedom 

down ; 
When  others,  struck  with  fancies  not  less  vain. 
Saw  mighty  kings  by  their  own  subjects  slain, 
And,  in  each  friend  of  liberty  and  law. 
With  hoiTor  big,  a  future  Cromwell  saw,  480 

Thy  manly  zeal  stept  forth,  bade  discord  cease, 
And  sung  each  jarring  atom  into  peace ; 
Liberty,  cheer'd  by  thy  all-cheering  eye. 
Shall,  waking  from  her  trance,  live  and  not  die ; 
And,  patronized  by  thee.  Prerogative  485 

Shall,  striding  forth  at  large,  not  die,  but  live ; 
Whilst  Privilege,  hung  betwixt  earth  and  sky, 

the  security  of  the  company;  many  censures  were  passed  on 
the  conduct  of  the  dh-ectors,  and  particularly  on  that  of  the 
chaurman,  Mr.  Sullivan,  by  the  friends  of  Lord  Clive,  who 
was  once  more  solicited  to  protect  their  possessions ;  but  who 
refused  to  act,  while  Mr.  Sullivan  had  the  lead  in  the  direction. 
The  unpromising  aspect  of  affairs  gave  a  preponderating 
weight  to  the  Clive  party;  his  lordsliip's  tenns  were  acceded 
to,  and  Mr.  Sullivan  had  scarcely  votes  enough  to  bring  him 
into  the  direction.  Lord  CUve  sailed  the  27th  of  May,  1764, 
and  in  May,  1766,  East  India  stock  rose  above  15  per  cent. 

These  observations  might  have  been  spared,  and  certainly 
any  others  are  rendered  unnecessary  by  the  masterly  review 
of  the  life  of  Lord  Clive,  and  of  his  civil  and  military  ad- 
ministration of  India,  by  Mr.  Macaulay,  among  the  essays 
recently  reprinted  by  him,  from  his  contributions  to  the 
Edinburgh  Eeview  and  to  which  we  would  refer  our  readers 
accordingly,  and  to  whose  thanks  we  shall  entitle  ourselves 
for  so  doing. 


158  THE    CANDIDATE. 

Sli/xU  not  well  know  whether  to  live  or  die. 

When  on  a  rock  which  overhung  the  flood,    489 
And  seem'd  to  totter,  commerce  shivering  stood ; 
When  credit,  building  on  a  sandy  shore, 
Saw  the  sea  swell  and  heard  the  tempest  roar, 
Heard  death  in  every  blast,  and  in  each  wave 
Or  saw,  or  fancied  that  she  saw  her  grave ;        494 
When  property  transferr'd  from  hand  to  hand, 
Weaken'd  by  change,  crawl'd  sickly  through  the 

land ; 
When  mutual  confidence  was  at  an  end, 
And  man  no  longer  could  on  man  depend ; 
Oppress'd  with  debts  of  more  than  common  weight. 
When  all  men  fear'd  a  bankruptcy  of  state ;      soo 
When,  certain  death  to  honour,  and  to  trade, 
A  sponge  was  talk'd  of  as  our  only  aid ; 
That  to  be  saved  we  must  be  more  undone. 
And  pay  off  all  our  debts,  by  paying  none ; 

502  The  national  debt,  which  on  the  5th  of  January,  1764, 
amounted  to  not  qixite  £130,000,000,  is  now  upwards  of 
£800,000,000,  while  the  annual  charge  for  interest  on  it  is 
nearly  £30,000,000.  If  the  radical  remedy  of  the  sponge, 
reprobated  by  the  poet,  was  even  then  proposed,  the  pre- 
scription, or  some  modification  of  it,  must  at  this  day  be 
necessai'ily  considered  as  far  less  absurd.  The  bow  is 
violently  bent,  but  when  it  will  reach  the  extreme  point 
of  elasticity,  no  one  can  pretend  to  predict. 

504  This  expedient  which  could  only  have  been  then 
contemplated  by  the  utmost  stretch  of  poetic  license,  has 
been  reduced  to  practice  by  the  sober  and  select  men  of  the 
United  States;  more  fortunately  for  justice  than  himself, 
the  Eev.  Sydney  Smith  was  a  creditor,  and  has,  with  as 
much  truth  as  brilliancy,  exposed  the  dishonourable  act. 


THE    CANDIDATE.  159 

Like  England's  better  genius,  bom  to  bless,       sos 
And  snatch  his  sinking  country  from  distress, 
Didst  thou  step  forth,  and,  without  sail  or  oar. 
Pilot  the  shatter'd  vessel  safe  to  shore  : 
Nor  shalt  thou  quit,  till,  anchor'd  firm  and  fast. 
She  rides  secure,  and  mocks  the  threatening  blast ! 
Born  in  thy  house,  and  in  thy  service  bred,    sn 
Nursed  in  thy  arms,  and  at  thy  table  fed. 
By  thy  sage  councils  to  reflection  brought. 
Yet  more  by  pattern  than  by  precept  taught. 
Economy  her  needful  aid  shall  join  sis 

To  forward  and  complete  thy  grand  design, 
And,  warm  to  save,  but  yet  with  spirit  warm, 
Shall  her  own  conduct  from  thy  conduct  form. 
Let  friends  of  prodigals  say  what  they  will. 
Spendthrifts  at  home,  abroad  are  spendthrifts  still. 
In  vain  have  sly  and  subtle  sophists  tried  ssi 

Private  from  public  justice  to  divide ; 
For  credit  on  each  other  they  rely. 
They  live  together  and  together  die, 
'Gainst  all  experience  'tis  a  rank  offence,  S25 

High  treason  in  the  eye  of  common  sense, 
To  think  a  statesman  ever  can  be  known 
To  pay  our  debts  who  will  not  pay  his  own : 
But  now,  though  late,  now  may  we  hope  to  see 
Our  debts  discharged,  our  credit  fair  and  free, 
Since  rigid  Honesty  (fair  fall  that  hour !)  ssi 

Sits  at  the  helm,  and  Sandwich  is  in  power. 
With  what  delight  I  view  thee,  wondrous  man, 
"With  what  delight  survey  thy  sterling  plan 
That  plan  which  all  with  wonder  must  behold, 


IGO  THE   CANDIDATE. 

And  stamp  thy  age  the  only  age  of  Gold.  536 

Nor  rest  thy  triumphs  here — that  discord  fled, 
And  sought  with  grief  the  hell  where  she  was  bred  ; 
That  faction  'gainst  her  nature  forced  to  yield, 
Saw  lier  rude  rabble  scatter'd  o'er  the  field,        sio 
Saw  her  best  friends  a  standing  jest  become. 
Her  fools  turn'd  speakers,  and  her  wits  struck 

dumb ; 
That  our  most  bitter  foes  (so  much  depends 
On  men  of  name)  are  turn'd  to  cordial  friends ; 
That  our  offended  friends  (such  terror  flows       5J5 
From  men  of  name)  dare  not  appear  our  foes ; 
That  credit,  gasping  in  the  jaws  of  death, 
And  ready  to  expire  with  every  breath, 
Grows  stronger  from  disease  ;  that  thou  hast  saved 
Thy  drooping  country  ;  that  thy  name,  engraved 
On  plates  of  brass,  defies  the  rage  sf  time  ;       ssi 
Than  plates  of  brass  more  firm,  that  sacred  rhyme 
Embalms  thy  memory,  bids  thy  glories  live. 
And  gives  thee  what  the  Muse  alone  can  give ; 
These  heights  of  virtue,  these  rewards  of  fame. 
With  thee  in  common  other  patriots  claim. 

But,  that  poor  sickly  science,  who  had  laid 
And  droop'd  for  years  beneath  neglect's  cold  shade, 
By  those  who  knew  her  purposely  forgot,  559 

And  made  the  jest  of  those  who  knew  her  not : 
Whilst  ignorance  in  power,  and  paraper'd  pride, 
"  Clad  like  a  priest,  pass'd  by  on  t'other  side," 
Recover'd  from  her  wretched  state,  at  length 
Puts  on  new  health,  and  clothes  herself  with 

strength. 


THE   CANDIDATE.  161 

To  thee  we  owe,  and  to  tty  friendly  hand  oss 

Which  raised,  and  gave  her  to  possess  the  land : 
This  praise,  though  in  a  court,  and  near  a  throne, 
This  praise  is  thine,  and  thine,  alas !  alone. 

With  what  fond  rapture  did  the  goddess  smile. 
What  blessings  doth  she  promise  to  this  isle,      570 
What  honour  to  herself,  and  length  of  reign, 
Soon  as  she  heard,  that  thou  didst  not  disdain 
To  be  her  steward,  but  what  grief,  what  shame, 
What  rage,  what  disappointment,  shook  her  frame, 
When  her  proud  children  dared  her  will  dispute. 
When  youth  was  insolent,  and  age  was  mute ! 

That  young  men  should  be  fools,  and  some  wild 
few  ^ 

To  wisdom  deaf,  be  deaf  to  interest  too. 
Moved  not  her  w^onder  ;  but  that  men,  grown  gray 
In  search  of  wisdom ;  men  who  own'd  the  sway 

5"6  The  younger  members  of  the  University  were  unani- 
mous in  favour  of  Lord  Hardwiclie,  whom  they  supported 
with  the  characteristic  enthusiasm  of  youth.    By  their  im- 
petuous conduct  at  the  election,  they  incurred  the  censures 
of  their  superiors,  who  were  chiefly  in  the  other  interest,  and 
a  certain  number  were  ordered  to  recant  their  behaviour, 
which  they  peremptorOy  refused  to  do ;  the  names  of  these 
spirited  young  men  are  worthy  of  record,  though  stigmatized 
as. Becusanis.     The  following  is  a  list  of  them:    Phillips, 
Davies,   Cotton,  Neale,   Fox,  Jones,  Wilbraham,  Marwood, 
Shipperdsdon,  Spranger,  Cobbold,  Norris,  Paddey,  Bennett, 
Frank,  Clowes,  Campbell,  Hardinge,  Graham,  Brisco,  Abbot, 
Ellis,  Kershaw,  Mattey,  Harrison,  Pinnock,  Popham,  Ptidgill, 
Twisden,  Smyth,  Kreyk,  Clutterbuck,  Daniel,  Hills,  Panton, 
Dobson,  Davidson,  Churchill,  Carter,  Scafe,  Butcher,  Lang- 
ley,  Bird,  Green,  Lake,  Wright. 

VOL.   III.  11 


162  THE    CANDIDATE. 

Of  reason  ;  men  who  stubbornly  kept  doAvn 
Each  rising  passion  ;  men  who  wore  the  gown ; 
That  they  should  cross  her  will,  that  they  should 

dare 
Against  the  cause  of  Interest  to  declare  ; 
That  they  should  be  so  abject  and  unwise,  sss 

Having  no  fear  of  loss  before  their  eyes, 
Nor  hopes  of  gain  ;  scorning  the  ready  means 
Of  being  vicars,  rectors,  canons,  deans, 
With  all  those  honours  which  on  mitres  wait. 
And  mark  the  virtuous  favourites  of  state  ;        590 
That  they  should  dare  a  Hardwicke  to  support. 
And  talk,  within  the  hearing  of  a  court. 
Of  that  vile  beggar  conscience,  who,  undone, 
And  starved  herself,  starves  every  wretched  son ; 


602  Dr.  John  Burton,  head  master  of  Winchester  school. 
An  anecdote  was  related  in  the  Auditor,  that  Wilkes,  while 
in  the  command  of  the  Buckinghamshire  militia,  being  sta- 
tioned at  Winchester,  had  occasionally  addressed  one  of  the 
sons  of  the  Earl  of  Bute,  then  at  school  there,  with  the  most 
insulting  language  against  his  father.  This  story  gaining 
groimd,  by  being  uncontradicted,  if  not  circulated,  by  the 
young  man,  induced  Wilkes  to  write  a  letter  to  Dr.  Bm-ton,'' 
denying  the  statement,  and  on  the  contrary,  representing 
himself  as  having  been  frequently  abused  by  the  youth  in  the 
grossest  terms;  and  concluding  with  requesting,  that  a  public 
examination  and  investigation  of  the  affair  might  take  place ; 
to  this  letter  Dr.  Burton  returned  the  following  answer: 

To  Colonel  John  Wilkes. 

Oct.  20, 1762. 
Sir — When  I  had  the  honour  of  seeing  you  in  my  lodgings 
I  acquainted  you  with  my  resolution,  that  I  would  not  concern 
myself  in  the  affair :  at  the  same  time  assured  you  I  would 


THE    CANDIDATE.  163 

This  turn'd  her  blood  to  gall,  tliis  made  her  swear 
No  more  to  throw  away  her  time  and  care 
On  wayward  sons  who  scorn'd  her  love,  no  more 
To  hold  her  courts  on  Cam's  ungrateful  shore. 
Rather  than  bear  such  insults,  which  disgrace 
Her  royalty  of  nature,  birth,  and  place,  soo 

Though  Dullness  there  unrivall'd  state  doth  keep, 
Would  she  at  Wmchester  with  Burton  sleep  ; 
Or,  to  exchange  the  mortifying  scene 
For  something  still  more  dull,  and  still  more 

mean, 
Rather  than  bear  such  insults,  she  would  fly     eos 
Far,  far  beyond  the  search  of  English  eye, 
And  reign  amongst  the  Scots  :  to  be  a  queen 
Is  worth  ambition,  though  in  Aberdeen. 
0,  stay  thy  flight,  fair  Science  ;  what  though  some, 
Some  base-born  children,  rebels  are  become  ?     eio 
All  are  not  rebels ;  some  are  duteous  still, 

not  read  any  public  papers  relating  to  it.  I  have  the  honour 
to  be  with  the  greatest  regard,  Sir,  your  most  obedient 
ser\-ant,  John  Bxjeton. 

608  Of  the  Scottish  Universities,  Dr.  Johnson  observes,  "  that 
men  bred  there  cannot  be  expected  to  be  often  decorated 
with  the  splendours  of  ornamental  erudition,  but  they  obtain 
a  mediocrity  of  knowledge,  between  learning  and  ignorance, 
not  inadequate  to  the  purposes  of  common  life,  which  is  very 
widely  diffused  among  them,  and  which,  countenanced  in 
general  by  a  national  combination  so  invidious,  that  their 
friends  cannot  defend  it,  and  actuated  in  particulars  by  a 
spirit  of  enterprise  so  vigorous,  that  their  enemies  are  con- 
strained to  praise  it,  enables  them  to  find  or  make  their  way 
to  employment,  riches,  and  distinction." 


1G4  THE    CANDIDATE. 

Attend  thy  precepts,  and  obey  thy  will ; 

Thy  interest  is  opposed  by  those  alone 

Who  eitlier  know  not,  or  oppose  their  own.  ' 

Of  stubborn  virtue,  marcliing  to  thy  aid,         sis 
Behold  in  black,  the  livery  of  their  trade, 
Marshall'd  by  Form,  and  by  Discretion  led, 
A  grave,  grave  troop,  and  Smith  is  at  their  head, 
Black  Smith  of  Trinity  ;  on  Christian  ground 
For  fiiith  in  mysteries  none  more  rcnown'd.       ejo 

Next,  (for  the  best  of  causes  now  and  then 
Must  beg  assistance  from  the  worst  of  men) 
Next  (if  old  Story  lies  not)  sprung  from  Greece, 


619  Dr.  Smith,  master  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  died 
in  1768,  in  the  79th  year  of  his  age.  By  his  -n-ill  he  left  the 
interest  of  ^2000  for  the  annual  repairs  of  his  college; 
j£2,500  to  the  University,  the  interest  of  half  which  sum  he 
bequeathed  to  the  augmentation  of  the  stipend  of  the  Plumian 
professorship ;  and  the  other  half  to  be  divided  between  the 
mathematical  and  philosophical  scholars  that  annually  take 
the  degree  of  bachelors  of  arts.  He  was  master  of  mechanics 
to  the  King,  and  had  been  preceptor  to  William,  Duke  of 
Cumberland.  He  published,  in  1744,  Harmonics,  or  the 
Philosophy  of  Musical  Sounds,  Svo.  Cumberland,  in  the 
Memoirs  of  his  own  Life,  says  of  him,  "  Dr.  Smith  was  un- 
questionably one  of  the  most  learned  men  of  his  time,  as  his 
works — especiallyhis  system  of  optics,  effectually  demonstrate. 
He  led  the  life  of  a  student,  abstemious  and  recluse,  his  family 
consisting  of  a  sister  advanced  in  years,  and  unmarried,  like 
himself.  He  was  a  man  of  whom  it  might  be  said,  pliilosophy 
marked  him  for  her  own."  Of  a  thin  spare  habit,  and  a  nose 
prominently  aquiline,  and  an  ej'e  penetrating  as  that  of  the 
bird,  the  semblance  of  whose  beak  marked  the  character  of 
his  face.  The  tone  of  his  voice  was  shrill  and  nasal,  and  his 
manner  of  speaking  such  as  denoted  forethought  and  delibe- 


THK    CANDIDATE.  165 

Comes  Pandarus,  but  comes  without  his  niece  : 
Her,  wretched  maid  !  committed  to  his  trust,      eas 
To  a  rank  Ictcher's  coarse  and  bloated  lust 
The  arch,  old,  hoary  hypocrite  had  sold, 
And  thought  himself  and  her  well  damn'd  for  gold. 
But  (to  wipe  off  such  traces  from  the  mind. 
And  make  us  in  good  humour  with  mankind)    sso 
Leading  on  men,  who,  in  a  college  bred, 
No  woman  knew,  but  those  which  made  their  bed ; 
Who,  planted  virgins  on  Cam's  virtuous  shore. 
Continued  still  male  virgins  at  threescore,  634 

Comes  Sumner,  wise,  and  chaste  as  chaste  can  be, 
With  Long,  as  wise,  and  not  less  chaste  than  he. 

ration.  How  deep  a  theorist  he  was  in  harmony  his  Treatise 
will  evince.  In  mere  melody  he  was  indignantly  neglectful, 
and  could  not  reconcile  his  ear  to  the  harpsichord,  till  by  a 
construction  of  his  own  he  had  divided  the  half  tones  into 
their  proper  flats  and  sharps.  Those  who  figured  to  them- 
selves a  Diogenes  in  Mason,  might  have  fancied  they  beheld 
an  Aristotle  in  Smith,  who,  had  he  lived  in  the  age  and  fallen 
within  the  eye  of  the  great  designer  of  the  school  of  Athens, 
might  have  left  his  image  there  without  discrediting  the 
group. 

635  The  Eev.  Dr.  Humphry  Sumner,  Vice  Chancellor  of 
the  University  of  Cambridge,  and  Provost  of  King's  College. 

636  Koger  Long,  D.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  master  of  Pembroke  HaU, 
Cambridge,  and  professor  of  Astronomy  in  that  Univer- 
sity. He  died  in  1770,  at  the  advanced  age  of  91.  He 
was  never  a  hale  and  hearty  man,  but  of  a  tender  and  de- 
licate constitution,  yet  took  care  of  it.  His  common  drink, 
water.  He  always  dined  with  the  fellows  in  the  hall;  but 
latterly  left  off  eating  flesh-meat.  He  wrote  a  Treatise  on 
Astronomy,  2  vols.  4to,  and,  with  a  view  to  popularize  that 
science,  he  caused  to  be  constructed  a  hollow  sphere,  wherein 


166  THE    CANDIDATE. 

Are  there  not  fricmls,  too,  enter'd  in  thy  cause 
"Who,  for  tliy  sake,  defying  penal  laws, 
"Were,  to  support  thy  honuui'able  plan. 
Smuggled  from  Jersey,  and  tlie  Isle  of  Man  ? 
Are  there  not  Philomaths  of  high  degree  «> 

"Who,  always  dumb  before,  shall  speak  for  thee  ? 
Are  there  not  Proctors,  faithful  to  thy  will, 
One  of  full  growth,  others  in  embryo  still, 
"Who  may,  perhaps,  in  some  ten  years,  or  more, 
Be  ascertain'd  that  two  and  two  make  four,        bis 
Or  may  a  still  moi'e  happy  method  find, 
And,  taking  one  from  two,  leave  none  behind  ? 

"With  such  a  mighty  power  on  foot,  to  yield 
"Were  death  to  manhood ;  better  in  the  field       sso 
To  leave  our  carcasses,  and  die  with  fame. 
Than  fly,  and  purchase  life  on  terms  of  shame. 
Sackvilles  alone  anticipate  defeat, 
And  ere  they  dare  the  battle,  sound  retreat. 

But  if  persuasions  inefiectual  prove,  gss 

If  arguments  are  vain,  nor  prayers  can  move, 
Yet  in  thy  bitterness  of  frantic  woe 

thirty  persons  could  sit  conveniently,  and  on  the  inner  sur- 
face of  which  was  a  representation  of  the  heavens  as  they 
would  appear  in  a  north  latitude. 

He  also  -^vrotc  an  answer  to  Mr.  Everard  Fleetwood's  cele- 
brated pamphlet,  called  "An  Inquiry  into  the  Customary 
Estates  and  tenants  of  those  who  hold  Lands  of  Church 
and  other  Foundations  by  the  tenui'e  of  thi'ee  lives  and 
twenty-one  years." 

6T3  The  last  Earl  of  Lichfield  succeeded  the  Earl  of  West- 
moreland, as  Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  in 


THE    CANDIDATE.  1G7 

Why  talk  of  Burton  ?  why  to  Scotland  go  ? 
Is  there  not  Oxford,  she,  with  open  arms, 
Shall  meet  thy  wish,  and  yield  up  all  her  charms : 
Shall  for  thy  love  her  former  loves  resign,  esi 

And  jilt  the  banish'd  Stuarts  to  be  thine. 

Bow'd  to  the  yoke,  and,  soon  as  she  could  read, 
Tutor'd  to  get,  by  heart,  the  despot's  creed, 
She,  of  subjection  proud,  shall  knee  thy  throne. 
And  have  no  principles  but  thine  alone  ;  ess 

She  shall  thy  will  implicitly  receive, 
Nor  act,  nor  speak,  nor  think,  without  thy  leave. 
Where  is  the  glory  of  imperial  sway 
If  subjects  none  but  just  commands  obey  ?  67o 

Then,  and  then  only,  is  obedience  seen, 
When  by  command  they  dare  do  all  that's  mean  : 
Hither  then  wing  thy  flight,  here  fix  thy  stand, 
Kor  fail  to  bring  thy  Sandwich  in  thy  hand. 

Gods,  with  what  joy,  (for  fancy  now  supplies, 
And  lays  the  future  open  to  my  eyes)  stg 

Gods,  with  what  joy  I  see  the  worthies  meet. 
And  Brother  Litchfield  Brother  Sandwich  greet ! 

1762,  after  a  very  severe  contest  between  him  and  Lords 
Foley  and  Suffolk ;  his  success  was  principally  owing  to  the 
interference  of  Lord  Bute  in  his  favour.  After  his  election, 
he  was  installed  at  his  seat  at  Ditchley,  at  which  ceremony 
the  Vice  Chancellor  and  all  the  officers  of  the  University 
attended.  This  solemnity  having  been  usually  performed  at 
Oxford,  the  undignified  members  of  the  University  were  not 
pleased  with  the  alteration.  Lord  Litchfield's  family  had 
always  been  considered  as  at  the  head  of  the  tory  party 
in  Oxfordshire ;  and  during  the  whig  reigns  of  George  the 
First  and  Second,  had  been  thought  by  no  means  friendly  to 


168  THE    CANDIDATE. 

Blest  be  your  greetings,  blest  each  dear  embrace  ; 
Blest  to  yourselves,  and  to  the  human  race.      eso 
Sickening  at  virtues,  which  she  cannot  reach, 
Which  seem  her  baser  nature  to  impeach, 
Let  Envy,  in  a  whirlwind's  bosom  hurl'd, 
Outrageous,  seai-ch  the  corners  of  the  world, 
Ransack  the  present  times,  look  back  to  past,     635 
Rip  up  the  future,  and  confess  at  last, 
No  times,  past,  present,  or  to  come,  could  e'er 
Produce,  and  bless  the  world  with  such  a  pair. 
Phillips,  the  good  old  Phillips,  out  of  breath. 
Escaped  from  Monmouth,  and  escaped  from  death. 
Shall  hail  his  Sandwich,  with  that  virtuous  zeal, 

the  act  of  settlement.  This  circumstance  was  dwelt  upon  by 
his  opponents,  who  also  objected  to  him  some  legal  disquali- 
fication, he  having  been  a  freeman  of  the  city  of  Oxford. 
Blackstone  wrote  a  pamphlet  on  the  subject,  but  the  dis- 
qualification was  removed,  and  Lord  Litchfield  succeeded  by 
a  great  majority.  Neither  University  had  any  cause  for 
exultation  in  the  superior  morality  of  its  Chancellor,  par 
nobile  fratrum. 

^9  Sir  John  Phillips,  a  hamster  and  active  member  of 
the  House  of  Commons,  who  during  the  rebellion  of  1745, 
intrenching  himself  behind  legal  forms,  had  at  a  public 
meeting  threatened  to  present  to  the  court  of  King's  Bench,  as 
an  illegal  levying  of  money  upon  the  subject,  the  association 
formed  for  the  defence  of  the  family  upon  the  throne.  In 
1763  he  was  called  to  the  privy  council,  and  died  the  follow- 
ing year. 

696  Medmenham,  or  as  it  was  commonly  called,  Med- 
nam  Abbey,  was  a  very  large  house  on  the  banks  of  the 
Thames,  near  Marlow,  in  Bucks.  It  was  formerly  a  convent 
of  Cistertian  Monks.  The  situation  is  remarkably  fine. 
Beautiful  hanging  woods,  soft  meadows,  a  crystal  stream. 


THE    CANDIDATE.  169 

That  glorious  ardour  for  the  commonweal, 
"VYliicli  warm'd  his  loyal  heart  and  bless'd  his 

tongue, 
When  on  his  lips  the  cause  of  rebels  hung. 
Whilst  Womanhood,  in  habit  of  a  nun,  es) 

At  Medenham  lies,  by  backward  monks  undone  ; 
A  nation's  reckoning,  like  an  alehouse  score, 
Whilst  Paul,  the  aged,  chalks  behind  a  door, 
Compell'd  to  hire  a  foe  to  cast  it  up, 
Dashwood  shall  pour,  from  a  communion  cup, 
Libations  to  the  goddess  without  eyes,  701 

And  hob  or  nob  in  cider  and  excise. 


and  a  grove  of  venerable  old  elms  near  the  house,  with  the 
retiredness  of  the  mansion  itself,  made  it  as  sweet  a  retreat  as 
the  most  poetical  imagination  could  create.  Sir  Francis 
Dashwood,  Sir  Thomas  Stapleton,  PaulWhitehead,  Mr.  Wilkes, 
and  other  gentlemen,  to  the  number  of  twelve,  rented  the 
abbey,  and  often  retired  there  in  the  summer.  Among 
other  amusements  they  had  sometimes  a  mock  celebration  of 
the  mysterious  midnight  orgies  of  Pagan  worship,  and  occa- 
sionally of  the  rites  of  the  foreign  religious  orders  among  the 
Roman  Catholics ;  of  the  Franciscans  in  particular,  for  the 
gentlemen  had  taken  that  title  from  their  founder.  Sir,  cer- 
tainly not  Saint  Francis.  Paul  the  aged  was  secretary  and 
steward  to  the  order.  Wilkes  had  retired  from  the  society 
some  time  previous  to  the  publication  of  this  poem,  btit  it  was 
not  dissolved  until  some  j'ears  afterwards. 

"  Over  the  grand  entrance  was  the  famous  inscription  on 
Rabelais'  abbey  of  Theleme,  Fay  ce  que  voudras.  At  the  end 
of  the  passage  over  the  door  was  Aude,  hosjies,  coniemnere  opes. 
At  one  end  of  the  refectory  was  Harpocrates,  the  god  of  sUence ; 
at  the  other  the  goddess  Angerona,  that  the  same  duty  might 
be  enjoined  both  sexes. 

"  Near  the  abbey  was   a  small  neat  temple,  erected  to 


170  THE    CANDIDATE. 

From  those  deci^  shades,  where  vanity,  un- 
known, 
Doth  penance  for  her  pride,  and  pines  alone. 
Cursed  in  herself,  by  her  own  thoughts  undone. 
Where  she  sees  all,  but  can  be  seen  by  none ; 
Where  she,  no  longer  mistress  of  the  schools. 
Hears  praise  loud  pealing  from  the  mouths  of 

fools, 
Or  hears  it  at  a  distance,  in  despair 

Cloacina,   with  this  inscription.      TViis  chapel  of  ease  was 
founded  in  the  year  1760.    Facing  the  entrance  in  the  inside, 

Mqub  pauperibiis  prodest,  locnpletibus  tequfe  : 
Mqnh  neglectum  pueris  senibusque  nocebit. 
"  No  profane  eye  dared  to  penetrate  into  the  English  Eleusi- 
nian  mysteries  of  the  chapter  room,  where  the  monies  as- 
sembled on  all  solemn  occasions,  to  perform  the  more  secret 
rites,  and  pour  libations  in  much  pomp  to  the  Bona  Dea." 
Thus  far  have  we  been  unwillingly  compelled  to  borrow  from 
a  contemporary  publication,  as  absolutely  necessary  to  ex- 
plain Churchill's  allusion;  any  further  extract  we  should 
think  an  insult  to  the  reader.  That  brutes,  and  men  little 
above  them,  should  wallow  m  the  lowest  depths  of  sensuality, 
may  be  subject  for  pity  but  never  of  surprise;  but  that  men 
of  rank,  station,  and  understanding  should  voluntarily  de- 
gi-ade  themselves  by  similar  excesses  to  a  level  with  wretches 
whom  they  must  despise,  should  rouse  the  honest  indignation 
of  every  man,  who  feels  an  interest  in  the  sovereignty  of 
reason,  and  in  the  dignity  of  human  nature. 

"5  Dr.  William  King,  L.L.D.,  Prmcipal  of  St.  Mary's 
Hal],  died  at  an  advanced  age  in  1764,  at  which  time  he  was 
the  oldest  head  of  any  house  in  the  University  of  Oxford, 
having  been  appointed  to  that  situation  in  1719.  The  com- 
position of  his  celebrated  Radchfle  harangue  afforded  an 
ample  field  of  controversy  to  the  ci-itics  in  language,  and  the 


THE    CANDIDATE.  171 

To  join  the  crowd,  and  put  in  for  a  share  710 

Twisting  each  thought  a  thousand  different  ways, 
For  his  new  friends  new-modelling  old  praise  ; 
Where  frugal  sense  so  very  fine  is  spun. 
It  serves  twelve  hours,  though  not  enough  for  one, 
King  shall  arise,  and,  bursting  from  the  dead, 
Shall  hurl  his  piebald  Latin  at  thy  head.  716 

Burton  (whilst  awkward  affectation  hung 
In  quaint  and  labour'd  accents  on  his  tongue, 

toiy  principles  it  contained  were  minutely  canvassed  by  the 
dabblers  in  politics,  but  it  earned  for  him  an  elegant  compli- 
ment from  Warton  in  his  Triumph  of  Isis.  As  his  Latmity 
is  questioned  by  our  author,  in  order  that  the  reader  may 
have  an  opportunity  of  judging  of  the  propriety  of  the  impu- 
tation, we  subjoin  Dr.  King's  curious  epitaph,  written  by  him- 
self, with  a  view  to  be  engraved  on  a  silver  case,  in  which  he 
directed  his  heart  should  be  preserved  in  some  convenient 
part  of  the  house  he  had  so  long  governed.  A  classical 
epitaph  in  the  same  style  was  also  written  by  him  on  Beau 
Nash  of  Bath. 

Epitaphium 

GULIELMI  KING: 

A  seipso  scriptum 

Pridie  nonas  Junii 

Die  natali  Georgii  HI. 

MDCCLXII. 

Fui 

GULIELMUS  KING,  L.L.D. 

Ab  anno  mdccxix,  ad  annum  mdcc — 

Hujus  Aulis  Prajfectus. 

Literis  humanioribus  a  puero  deditus : 

Eas  usq;  ad  supremum  vitoj  diem  colui. 

Neque  vitiis  carui,  neq ;  virtutibus ; 

Imprudens  et  improvidus,  comis  et  benevolus; 

Ssepe  cequo  iracundior. 


172  THE   CANDIDATE. 

Who  'gainst  their  will  makes  junior  blockheads 

speak 
Ignorant  of  both,  new  Latin  and  new  Greek,     720 
Not  such  as  was  in  Greece  and  Latium  known. 
But  of  a  modern  cut,  and  all  his  own ; 
Who  threads,  like  beads,  loose  thoughts  on  such 

a  string. 
They're  praise  and  censure  ;  nothing,  every  tiling ; 
Pantomime  thoughts,  and  style  so  full  of  trick, 
They  even  make  a  Merry  Andrew  sick ; 
Thoughts  all  so  dull,  so  pliant  in  their  growth. 

Hand  iinquam  lit  essem  implacabilis. 

A  luxuria  pariter  ac  avaritia 

( Quam  non  tarn  vitium 

(Quam  mentis  iiisanitatem  esse  duxi) 

Prorsus  abhorrens. 

Gives,  hospites,  peregrinos 

Omnino  liberaliter  accepi. 

Ipse  et  cibi  parens,  et  vini  parcissimus. 

Cum  magnis  vixi,  cum  plebeis,  cum  omnibus, 

Ut  homines  noscerem,  ut  me  ipsum  imprimis: 

Neque,  eheu,  novi ! 

Permultos  habui  amicos, 

At  veros,  stabiles,  grates, 

(Qua3  fortasse  est  gentis  culpa) 

Perpaucissimos 

Plures  habui  inimicos, 

Sed  invidos,  sed  improbos,  sed  inhumanos. 

Quorum  nullis  tamen  injuriis 

Perinde  commotus  fui 

Quam  deliquiis  meis. 

Summam,  quam  adeptus  sum,  senectutem 

Neque  optavi,  neque  accusavi. 
Vitse  incommoda  neque  immoderate  ferens, 


THE    CANDIDATE.  173 

They'i'e  verse,  they're  prose,  they're  neither,  and 

they're  both) 
Shall  (though  by  nature  ever  loath  to  praise) 
Thy  curious  Avorth  set  forth  in  curious  phrase ; 
Obscurely  stiff,  shall  press  poor  sense  to  death, 
Or  in  long  periods  run  her  out  of  breath ; 
Shall  make  a  babe,  for  which,  with  all  his  fame, 
Adam  could  not  have  found  a  proper  name. 
Whilst,  beating  out  his  features  to  a  smile,         t^ 
He  hugs  the  bastard  brat,  and  calls  it  Style. 
Hush'd  be  all  nature  as  the  land  of  death ; 
Let  each  stream  sleep,  and  each  wind  hold  his 

breath ; 
Be  the  bells  muffled,  nor  one  sound  of  care, 

Neque  commodis  nimium  contentus. 

Mortem  neque  contempsi, 

Neque  metui. 

Deus  optime, 

Qui  hunc  orbem  et  humanas  res  curas 

Miserere  animje  nostrse ! 

He  was  the  author  of  The  Toast,  a  political  poem,  after- 
•vcards  republished  with  ornaments,  and  of  which  a  few  im- 
pressions only  were  taken ;  it  has  since  become  extremely- 
rare:  he  also  wrote  a  Latin  address  to  the  Parliaments  of 
France,  was  the  Editor  of  the  five  last  volumes  of  Dr.  South's 
Sermons,  and  otherwise  rery  creditably  distinguished  him- 
self in  the  literary  world  by  several  learned  original  works, 
and  in  a  veiy  spirited  apology,  satisfactorily  vindicated  him- 
self from  the  aspersions  of  his  political  opponents. 

There  was  another  contemporary.  Dr.  "WUliam  King,  of  the 
same  University,  equally  a  man  of  wit  and  humour,  and  a 
tory,  whose  works,  chiefly  in  Latin,  have  been  published  in 
3  vols.  8vo.  He  was  noted  as  a  bon  vivant,  and  Pope  said  of 
him,  he  could  write  three  hours  after  he  could  not  speak. 


174  THE    CANDIDATE. 

Pressing  for  audience,  wake  the  slumbering  air ; 
Browne  comes — behold  how  cautiously  he  creeps — 
How  slow  he  walks,  and  yet  how  fast  he  sleeps — 
But  to  thy  praise  in  sleep  he  shall  agree ;  743 

He  cannot  wake,  but  he  shall  dream  of  thee. 

Physic,  her  head  with  opiate  poppies  crown'd, 
Her  loins  by  the  chaste  matron  Camphire  bound  ; 
Physic,  obtaining  succour  from  the  pen 
Of  her  soft  son,  her  gentle  Heberden, 
If  there  are  men  who  can  thy  virtue  know, 
Yet  spite  of  virtue  treat  thee  as  a  foe,  750 


'41  Dr.  William  Browne,  Lord  Litchfield's  Vice  Chancellor 
of  the  University  of  Oxford  from  1759  to  17G9,  he  was  also 
Provost  of  Queen's  College. 

7-i5  Dr.  WOliam  Heberden,  the  celebrated  physician ;  he 
died  in  1801,  in  the  91st  year  of  his  age.  His  high  and  de- 
served professional  reputation,  and  the  amiable  and  unsullied 
tenor  of  his  long  life,  have  left  too  enduring  a  memorial  of  his 
learning  and  bis  virtues,  to  requhe  our  weak  witness  to  his 
fame.  He  was  the  author  and  editor  of  several  valuable 
publications,  to  which  he  found  leisure  to  attend  in  the  inter- 
vals of  an  extensive  practice.  On  his  skill  in  his  profession 
it  were  needless  to  enlarge,  or  on  the  dignity  and  benevolence 
with  which  he  exercised  it.  He  was  too  well  aware  of  the 
uncertainty  of  the  art,  not  to  pay  due  attention  to  the  nume- 
rous improvements  of  which  it  was  susceptible,  and  which  a 
more  enlightened  age  afforded.  Attached  to  no  system,  he 
cautiously  took  experience  for  his  guide,  and  equally  rejected 
the  authoritative  maxims  of  ancient  writers,  and  the  not  less 
authoritative  theories  of  modern  ones,  until  they  were  sanc- 
tioned by  something  better  than  a  name.  Nature  was  his 
goddess,  and  her  alone  he  consulted  in  the  prescriptions  he 
wrote.  Then-  simplicity  could  only  be  equalled  bv  the  libe- 
rality with  which  he  attended  to  their  effects;  the  patient 


THK    CANDIDATE.  175 

Shall,  like  a  scholar,  stop  their  rebel  breath, 
And  in  each  recipe  send  classic  death. 

So  deep  in  knowledge,  that  few  lines  can  sound 
And  plumb  the  bottom  of  the  vast  profound, 
Few  grave  ones  with  such  gravity  can  think,     755 
Or  follow  half  so  fast  as  he  can  sink  ; 
With  nice  distinctions  glossing  o'er  the  text. 
Obscure  with  meaning,  and  in  words  perplext, 
With  subtleties  on  subtleties  refined. 
Meant  to  divide  and  subdivide  the  mind,  76o 

Keeping  the  forwardness  of  youth  in  awe. 
The  scowling  Blackstone  bears  the  train  of  law. 

recovered  at  the  expense  of  the  apothecaiy.  We  dwell  with 
pleasure  on  the  character  of  such  a  man,  who  for  so  long  a 
period  of  time,  enjoyed  the  highest  satisfaction  a  good  man 
can  covet,  the  diffusion  of  health  and  happiness  round  a  wide 
circle  of  his  grateful  countrymen.  The  following  passage 
occiu-s  in  one  of  Horace  Walpole's  letters,  and  gives  greater 
antiquity  and  sanction  than  might  have  been  expected  for 
the  present  hydropathic  operations  at  Malvern,  under  the 
conduct  of  Dr.  James  WDson  and  Mr.  Gulley. 

"Dr.  Hcberden,  as  every  physician,  to  make  himself  talked 
of,  will  set  up  some  new  hypothesis,  pretends  that  a  damp 
house,  and  even  damp  sheets,  which  have  ever  been  reckoned 
fatal,  are  wholesome:  to  prove  his  faith,  he  went  into  his  owTi 
new  home,  totally  unah-ed,  and  survived  it.  At  Malvern  they 
certainly  put  patients  into  sheets  just  dipped  in  the  spring." 

"62  Dr.  Blackstone,  Principal  of  New  Inn  Hall  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Oxford,  and  Vinerian  Professor  of  Law,  afterwards 
Sir  William  Blackstone,  Solicitor-General,  and  a  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  His  reputation  as  a  sound  law- 
yer and  accomplished  writer,  is  too  well  established  to  be 
affected  by  this  rahdom  hit  of  the  satirist.  Blackstone's  great 
work,  his  Commentaries  on  the  Laws  of  England,  being  the 


17G  TUE    CANDIDATE. 

Divinity,  enrobed  in  college  fur, 
In  her  right  luuul,  A  new  Court  Kalendar, 
Bound  like  a  hook  of  prayer,  thy  coming  waits 
With  all  her  pack,  to  hymn  thee  in  the  gates. 

Loyalty,  fix'd  on  Isis'  alter'd  shore, 
A  stranger  long,  but  stranger  now  no  more. 
Shall  pitch  her  tabernacle,  and  with  eyes 
Brim-full  of  rapture,  view  her  new  allies ;  ~o 

Shall,  with  much  pleasure  and  more  wonder,  view 
Men  great  at  court,  and  great  at  Oxford  too. 

0  sacred  Loyalty !  accursed  be  those 

improved  and  enlarged  substance  of  liis  Vineriau  Lectures, 
instantly  superseded  the  dry  abridgments  of  Hale,  Haw- 
kins, and  Wood ;  while  the  Commentaries  retain  their  popu- 
larity and  position,  notwithstanding  the  great  changes  which 
have  occuiTed  since  their  publication,  much  gi-eater  than 
between  his  time  and  that  of  his  predecessors.  Successive 
editions  by  eminent  lawyers,  render  "  Blackstone's  Com- 
mentaries" still  the  text-book  of  the  profession  in  all  its 
branches. 

He,  no  doubt,  incurred  the  censure  of  Churchill  on  ac- 
count of  the  part  he  took,  in  the  House  of  Commons,  against 
Wilkes,  on  the  subject  of  privilege;  and  for  Avhich  he  was 
also  severely  animadverted  on  by  Junius  and  Sir  William 
Meredith.    He  died  in  1780,  at  the  age  of  56. 

772  We  have  frequently  had  occasion  to  notice  the  Tory 
political  principles  of  the  University  of  Oxford.  After  the 
attainder  of  their  then  chancellor,  the  Duke  of  Ormond,  the 
members  of  the  University,  by  a  great  majority,  elected  his 
brother,  the  Earl  of  Arran,  to  be  their  Chancellor,  to  testify, 
as  the  Vice-Chancellor  publicly  declared,  their  obligations 
to  the  family  of  Butler,  and  to  express  their  gratitude  to  his 
Grace.  Both  Universities  have,  however,  at  times,  rendered 
themselves  obnoxious  to  the  charge  of  inculcating  Tory 
principles.    It  is  said  of  Locke,  that  on  being  asked  by  King 


THE    CANDIDATE.  177 

Who,  seeming  friends,  turn  out  thy  deadliest  foes, 
Who  prostitute  to  kings  thy  honour'd  name,       775 
And  sooth  their  passions  to  betray  their  fame ; 
Nor  praised  be  those,  to  whose  proud  nature 

dings, 
Contempt  of  government,  and  hate  of  kings, 
Who,  willing  to  be  free,  not  knowing  how, 
A  strange  intemperance  of  zeal  avow,  ^^ 

And  start  at  Loyalty,  as  at  a  word 
Which  without  danger  freedom  never  heard. 

Vain  errors  of  vain  men — wild  both  extremes 
And  to  the  state  not  wholesome,  like  the  dreams 
Children  of  night,  of  indigestion  bred,  tss 

Which,  reason  clouded,  seize  and  turn  the  head ; 
Loyalty  without  Freedom,  is  a  chain 
Which  men  of  liberal  notice  can't  sustain, 
And  Freedom  without  Loyalty,  a  name 
Which  nothing  means,  or  means  licentious 

shame.  790 

Thine  be  the  art,  my  Sandwich,  thine  the  toil, 
In  Oxford's  stubborn  and  untoward  soil 
To  rear  this  plant  of  union,  till  at  length. 
Hooted  by  time,  and  foster'd  into  strength, 

William,  how  long  he  thought  the  revolution  principles  might 
last  in  England,  the  philosopher  replied,  "  Till  this  generation 
shall  have  passed  away,  and  our  Universities  shall  have  had 
time  to  breed  a  new  one."  Bishop  Hoadley  likewise  enter- 
tained no  exalted  opinion  of  the  literary  labours  of  the  Univer- 
sities, and  observed  as  an  instance  of  their  great  progress  in 
learning,  that  the  one  had  published  Shakspeare,  and  the 
other  Hudibras. 

VOL.   III.  12 


178  THE    CANDIDATE. 

Shooting  aloft,  all  danger  it  defies,  79s 

And  proudly  lifts  its  branches  to  the  skies  ; 
Whilst,  "Wisdom's  hajipy  son,  but  not  her  slave, 
Gay  with  the  gay,  and  Avith  the  grave  ones 

grave, 
Free  from  the  dull  impertinence  of  thought, 
Beneath  (luit  shade,  "which  thy  own  labours 

wrought, 
And  fashion'd  into  strength,  shalt  thou  repose, 
Secure  of  liberal  praise,  since  Isis  flows 
True  to  her  Tame,  as  duty  hath  decreed. 
Nor  longer,  like  a  harlot,  lusts  for  Tweed, 
And  those  old  wreaths,  which  Oxford  once  dared 

twine  805 

To  grace  a  Stuart  brow,  she  plants  on  thine. 


SUPPLEMENTAL    NOTES. 

n  Whom  nothing  but  thy  merit  made  thy  foes. 
W^VKBURTON  in  one  of  his  letters  to  Garrick,  Feb.  17,  I7fi2, 
thus  notices  a  slighting  mention  made  of  himself  by  Horace 
Walpole  in  the  Anecdotes  of  Painting,  and  incidentally  in 
another  letter  mentions  Churchill's  Rosciad  in  terms  with  him 
of  unusual  approval : 

'•  I  have  my  Fiibbles  as  well  as  you.  In  the  Anecdotes  of 
Painting  just  published,  the  author  by  the  most  unprovoked 
malice  has  a  fling  at  your  friend  obliquely,  and  puts  him  in 
company  where  j'ou  would  not  expect  to  find  him,  with  Tom 
Hearne  and  Browne  Willis.  It  is  about  Gothic  edifices,  for 
which  I  shall  be  about  his  pate,  as  Bentley  said  to  Lord 
Halifax  of  Rowe.  But  I  say  it  better,  I  mean  the  gallipots 
and  washes  of  his  toilet ;  I  know  he  has  a  fribble  tutor  at  his 
elbow  as  sicklied  over  with  afiectation  as  himself,  but  these 
half  men  are  half  wits,  as  Dryden  says, 

'  They  are  so  little  and  so  light, 
One  should  not  know  they  lived  but  that  they  bite.' 

I  have  seen  the  first  edition  of  the  poem  you  mention,  the 
Rosciad,  and  I  was  surprised  at  the  excellent  things  I  found 
in  it,  but  took  Churchill  to  be  a  feigned  name,  so  little  do  I 
know  of  what  is  going  forward." 

20  In  such  a  manner  and  at  such  a  time 
To  quit  the  stage. 

Alluding  to  Garrick's  continued  absence  abroad,  during 
which  period  Mrs.  Pritchard's  retirement  from  the  stage  had 
taken  place.  She  acted  Lady  Macbeth  for  the  last  time, 
April  25,  1763,  and  wept  her  acknowledgments  to  the  public 
in  an  appropriate  farewell  epilogue,  written  by  her  constant 
friend  and  patron,  Garrick.  The  first  couplet  of  which  was 
as  deeply  responded  to  by  the  audience  as  it  was  felt  by  the 
actress : — 


ISO  SUPPLEMENTAL    NOTES. 

'•  The  curtain  dropt,  my  mimic  lilo  is  past, 
That  scene  of  sleep  and  tekkor  was  my  last." 
She  died  at  Batli  on  the  20tli  of  the  following  August,  after  an 
illness  of  only  ten  daj-s. 

We  will  now  take  leave  of  Garrick,  adding  only  his  inimi- 
table epigram  addressed  to  Sir  John  Hill  on  his  having  accused 
the  actor  of  a  false  habit  of  pronunciation  into  which  he  occa- 
sionally fell,  of  substituting  in  some  words  the  letter  I  for  U : — 
"  If  'tis  true,  as  you  say,  that  I've  injured  a  letter, 
I'll  change  my  note  soon,  and  I  hope  for  the  better. 
May  the  just  rights  of  letters  as  well  as  of  men 
Hereafter  be  fixed  by  the  tongue  and  the  pen. 
Most  devoutly  I  wish  that  they  both  have  their  due, 
And  that  /may  be  never  mistaken  for  you.'' 
24  /Since  thou  hast  left  a  Powell  in  thy  place. 
Powell  was  also  one  of  the  managers  of  the  new  Theatre, 
Bristol,  where  he  went  to  perform  with  his  summer  company. 
He  had  by  his  merits  as  an  actor,  and  his  conduct  as  a  gentle- 
man, greatly  ingratiated  himself  with  the  principal  inhabit- 
ants of  that  citj',  and  was  buried  in  the  Collegiate  church 
there  with  great  funeral  honours,  attended  by  the  Dean  and 
whole  choir,  who  sang  an  anthem  on  the  mournful  occasion. 

The  elder  Colman  wrote  a  pi'ologue,  of  much  merit,  to  a 
play  acted  for  the  benefit  of  Powell's  widow;  and  also  an 
epitaph  for  his  monument  at  Bristol,  the  two  last  lines  of 
which  were  peremptorily  objected  to  by  Dr.  Elmer,  a  Preben- 
dary of  the  church,  as  "  nonsense  or  something  worse;"  and 
Colman  resenting  what  he  considered  .an  unwarrantable  mis- 
interpretation of  the  lines  in  question,  declined  to  omit  them, 
and  the  epitaph  consequently  was  not  inscribed  on  the  tablet. 
It  is  here  inserted  from  the  Posthumous  Letters  of  Colman, 
edited  by  his  son,  4to,  1720. 

Bristol !  to  worth  and  genius  ever  just, 
To  thee  our  Powell's  dear  remains  we  trust: 
Soft  as  the  stream  thy  sacred  springs  impart, 
The  milk  of  human  kindness  warm'd  his  heart; 
That  heart  which  every  tender  feeling  knew, 
The  soil  where  pity,  love,  and  friendship  grew. 


SUPPLEMENTAL    NOTES.  181 

0 !  let  a  faithful  friend  with  grief  sincere, 
Inscribe  his  tomb,  and  drop  the  hearfelt  tear. 
Here  rests  his  praise,  here  found  Ms  noblest  fame, 
— AU  else  a  bubble,  and  an  empty  name. 

89  Enough  of  patnots, 

Madame  D'Arblay,  in  her  very  amusing  and  equally  in- 
structive Diary,  which  as  graphically  describes  the  frivolity 
and  vexation  of  the  domestic  as  that  of  Doddington  does  the 
political  tracasseries  of  a  court,  incidentally  records  an  ad- 
mirable address  of  Dr.  Johnson,  when  at  Streatham,  to  Sir 
Philip  Jennings  Clark,  Bart.  M.  P.,  a  youthful  dupe  of  the 
popular  party: 

"  '  Sir  Philip,'  said  the  Doctor, '  you  are  too  liberal  a  man 
'  for  the  party  to  which  you  belong :  I  shall  have  much  pride 
in  the  honour  of  converting  you ;  for  I  really  believe,  if  you 
were  not  spoiled  by  bad  company,  the  spirit  of  faction  would 
not  have  possessed  you.  Go,  then,  sir,  to  the  House,  but 
make  not  your  motion ;  give  up  your  Bill,  and  surprise  the 
world  by  turning  to  the  side  of  triith  and  reason.  Kise,  sir, 
when  they  least  expect  you,  and  address  your  fellow  patriots 
to  this  purpose : 

" '  Gentlemen,  I  have  for  many  a  weary  day  been  deceived 
and  seduced  by  you.  I  have  now  opened  my  eyes.  I  see 
that  you  are  all  scoundrels ;  the  subversion  of  all  government 
and  religion  is  your  aim.  Gentlemen,  I  will  no  longer  herd 
am.ong  rascals,  in  whose  infamy  my  name  and  character  must 
be  included;  I  therefore  renounce  you  all,  gentlemen,  as  you 
deserve  to  be  renounced.' 

"  Then,  shaking  his  hand  heartily,  he  added  '  Go,  sir,  go  to 
bed ;  meditate  upon  this  recantation ;  and  rise  in  the  morning 
a  more  honest  naan  than  you  lay  down.'  " 

Dr.  Johnson,  who  called  things  and  men  by  their  right 
name,  thus,  with  his  Ithureal  spear,  or  rather  club  of  truth, 
laid  bare  the  hypocritical  pretensions  to  political  purity  of  the 
bad  men  of  that  period,  and  we  have  witnessed  and  are 
witnessing  an  ample  succession  of  similar  pretenders,  while 
unfortunately  there  has  been  no  descent  of  the  Johnsonian 
mantle  to  work  their  exposure. 


182  SUPPLEMENTAL    NOTES. 

To  such  political  vermin,  debauchees,  gamblers,  and  swind- 
lers, bankrupts  alike  in  fortune  as  in  fame,  who  damage 
whatever  cause  they  for  their  own  selfish  purposes  profess  to 
support,  the  recommendation  of  Junius  may  be  well  applied, 
"  that  they  should  so  regulate  their  conduct  as  to  be  able  to 
set  the  most  malicious  inquiries  at  defiance:  or,  should  that 
be  a  lost  hope,  that  they  would  assume  prudence  enough  not 
to  attract  the  public  attention  to  characters  which  will  only 
pass  without  censure  when  they  pass  without  observation." 

We  have  seen  with  regret  that  Lord  Brougham  has,  in  his 
third  volume  of  Historical  Sketches  of  the  Statesmen  of  the 
time  of  George  the  Third,  underrated  the  merit  as  to  style 
and  composition,  and  impugned  the  motives  of  Junius  in  his 
celebrated  political  letters :  Of  the  former  it  is  enough  to  say, 
that  Johnson  considered  no  person  except  Burke  equal  to  the 
writing  of  them  —  while  the  motives  were  sufficiently  vindi- 
cated by  the  public  service  rendered  to  the  countrj',  if  for  no 
other  cause,  by  the  fact  of  his  letters  having  had  the  efiect, 
by  exposing  the  profligacy  of  one  Duke  and  the  imbecility  of 
another,  to  drive  them  both  from  the  high  oflicial  stations  they 
so  unworthily  filled.  For  the  rest,  the  unerring  voice  of  pos- 
terity has,  quite  ii-respective  of  politics  and  party,  conferred 
on  Junius  an  indefeasible  estate  of  inheritance  in  one  of  the 
best  cultivated  fields  of  English  literature.  In  conclusion,  also, 
we  are  satisfied  that  the  reader  will  rise  from  every  pleased 
reperusal  of  Junius'*  Letters  Avith  the  increased  conviction 
that  they  could  not  have  been  written  by  Sir  Philip  Francis. 

287   ]Vhere  liJce  another  Machiavel  tee  saw 

Thy  fingers  twisting  and  untwisting  law. 
Mr.  Macaulay,  in  his  Essay  on  Machiavelli,  has  done  the 
cause  of  letters  and  literary  men  good  service,  in  dispelling 
the  vulgar  error  which  has  attached  to  the  name  of  this 
eminent  Italian  politician.  His  contemporaries  knew  and 
appreciated  his  value;  and  it  was  only  in  the  succeeding 
generation  or  two  that  his  character  was  maligned,  and  that 
his  writings  were  anathematized,  while  in  more  recent  and 
enlightened  periods,  the  abuse  lavished  upon  him  has  been 
adopted  upon  trust.    His  object  appears  to  have  been  to  ad- 


SUPPLEMENTAL    NOTES.  183 

vocate  and  advance  the  cause  of  peace  and  policy,  as  against 
war  and  physical  force ;  and  his  arguments  were  those  best 
adapted  to  the  age  in  which  he  lived:  and  subject  to  those 
modifications  of  time  and  place,  his  -ivritings,  including  even 
his  "  Prince,"  are  still  too  applicable  to  the  existing  relations 
of  society.  He  was  a  man,  Mr.  Macaulay  proceeds  to  ob- 
serve, whose  public  conduct  was  upright  and  honourable, 
whose  views  of  morality,  where  they  diifered  from  those  of  the 
persons  around  him,  seemed  to  have  differed  for  the  better ; 
and  whose  only  fault  was,  that  having  adopted  some  of  the 
maxims  then  generally  received,  he  arranged  them  more 
luminously,  and  expressed  them  more  forcibly  than  any  other 
writer ;  and  we  are  acquainted  with  few  writings  which  ex- 
hibit so  much  elevation  of  sentiment,  so  pure  and  warm  a 
zeal  for  the  public  good,  or  so  just  a  view  of  the  duties  and 
rights  of  citizens  as  those  of  Machiavelli. 

8*4  To  coin  new  f angled  wagers  and  to  lay  ''em ; 
Laying  to  lose,  aiul  losing  not  to  pay  'em. 

One  of  Lord  March's  sources  of  distinction  was  following 
or  setting  the  fashion  of  laying  absurd  and  ludicrous  wagers, 
such  as  on  maggot  races,  cricket  matches  of  twelve  wooden 
legged  against  twelve  one  armed  men ;  when  staying  at  an 
Inn  during  rain,  betting  which  of  two  apparently  equally 
sized  drops  would  first  arrive  at  the  bottom  of  the  pane,  and 
then  claiming  a  reference  on  the  event  of  the  two  drops  de- 
viating into  one  current  before  they  reached  the  goal.  The 
most  celebrated  of  his  exploits  of  this  description  was  a  bet 
of  five  hundred  guineas  with  Mr.  Pigot,  which  should  die  first, 
Sir  William  Codrington  or  Mr.  Pigot's  father;  it  so  happened 
that  old  Mr.  Pigot  had  died  the  same  day,  suddenly,  of  gout 
in  the  head,  before  either  of  the  parties  interested  in  the 
result  of  the  wager  could  have  been  acquainted  with  the 
fact.  On  this,  Lord  March,  who  was  the  loser,  resisted  pay- 
ment, and  the  cause  came  on  for  trial  in  the  Court  of  King's 
Bench,  before  Lord  Mansfield,  in  1771,  when  Lord  March 
was  accommodated  with  a  seat  i;pon  the  bench,  while  Lord 
Ossory  and  several  other  noblemen  were  examined,  chiefly 
in  support  of  the  defence,  which  was  attempted  to  be  set  up 


184  SUPPLEMENTAL   NOTES. 

by  analogy  with  the  case  of  a  horse  dying  before  the  day  on 
which  it  was  to  run,  and  which  had  been  held  to  annul  the 
bets.  Lord  Mansfield,  however,  was  of  a  differeiit  opinion, 
and  charged  the  jury  accordingly,  who  returned  a  verdict 
for  the  plaintiff  for  the  full  sum  of  five  hundred  guineas  with 
costs  of  suit. 

84G   MlOiout  a  rival  stands,  though  March  sdll  lives. 

William  Douglas,  third  Karl  of  ISIarch  and  fourth  Duke  of 
Queensberry,  to  which  title  he  succeeded  in  1778,  was  bom 
in  1725.  He  acquired  an  unenviable  notoriety,  by  the  most 
unrestrained  course  of  debauchery  in  all  its  forms.  lie  was 
the  intimate  friend  and  associate  of  Sandwich;  but  did  not, 
like  him,  suffer  public  affairs  or  employments  to  seduce  him 
one  moment  from  the  continued  course  of  vice,  which  he 
pursued  with  more  of  zeal  and  earnestness  than  is  too  fre- 
quently exerted  by  good  men  in  the  prosecution  of  objects 
the  most  laudable. 

Sir  N.  Wraxall,  who  knew  him  intimately  by  almost  daily 
intercourse  during  the  last  seven  years  of  his  life,  observes  of 
him  that,  like  Wilmot,  Earl  of  Kochester,  he  pursued  pleasm-e 
in  every  shape,  and  with  as  much  ardour  at  fourscore  as  he 
had  done  at  twenty.  After  esliausting  all  the  gratifications 
of  human  life,  towards  the  close,  he  sat  down  at  his  residence 
near  Hyde  Park  Comer,  a  spectator  of  the  moving  scene  of 
hfe  and  dissipation  at  its  fullest  tide.  His  person  had  become 
a  rum  —  not  so  his  mind.  Seeing  only  with  one  eye,  hearing 
very  imperfectly,  and  that  only  with  one  ear,  nearly  tooth- 
less, and  labouring  under  multiphed  infirmities,  he  possessed 
his  memory  and  all  his  other  intellectual  faculties  in  their 
full  vigour. 

During  the  later  years  of  his  life,  he  existed  by  artificial 
means,  under  the  constant  superintendence  of  a  medical  man, 
who  was  driven  to  bring  an  action,  in  which  he  succeeded  to 
a  very  large  amount,  for  remuneration  for  his  services  and 
the  repulsive  ofiices  they  involved. 

He  died  in  1810,  leaving  an  immense  property,  real  as  well 
as  personal,  in  regard  of  which  he  left  a  will,  which  required 
the  aid  of  chancery.  In  addition  to  sums  and  presents  of  great 
value  to  Mademoiselle  P'aginani,  the  reputed  daughter  of  an 


SUPHLEMENTAL    NOTES.  185 

Italian  Marquis  of  that  name,  afterwards  Marchioness  of 
Hertford,  he  settled  on  her  the  sum  of  ^150,000 ;  -while  George 
Selwyn  bequeathed  to  her  ^32,000,  each  of  tliem  believing 
himself  to  be  her  father.  The  late  Marquis  of  Hertford  pur- 
sued a  similar  career,  with  even  more  unbounded  means  of 
indulging  his  habits  of  unbridled  license ;  and  for  the  honour 
of  the  British  peerage,  we  hope  that  with  him  is  extinct  that 
series  of  noble  voluptuaries,  who  render  almost  credible  the 
excesses  of  the  Romans  as  too  graphically  described  by  the 
pen  of  Petronius. 
695  At  Med'nam,  lies. 

EXTRACT    FROM    GROSE'S    ANTIQUITIES. 

Here  remain,  still  standing,  the  walls  of  the  north  aisle  of 
the  abjjey  church ;  it  is  in  length  sixteen  yards,  and  in  breadth 
four.  It  seems  by  this,  to  have  been  a  neat  stately  building, 
well  wrought  with  ashlar  work ;  the  windows  high  and  spa- 
cious. It  probably  consisted  of  a  body,  and  two  aisles  and 
chancel,  and  had  a  tower  at  the  west  end.  The  house  that  is 
now  called  the  abbey-house,  seems  to  have  been  patched  up 
after  the  dissolution.  Since  Browne  Willis  wrote,  most  of  the 
remains  he  mentions  have  fallen  or  been  taken  down ;  the 
adjacent  grounds  elegantly  laid  out  and  planted;  and  the 
abbey-house  repaired,  and  made  again  conventual  by  a  society 
of  gentlemen  who  lived  together  in  a  kind  of  monastic  state — 
their  abbot  was  a  noble.  The  rules  observed  by  these 
monks  have  not  been  published;  but,  from  some  of  them 
which  have  transpired,  we  may  suppose  they  were  not  quite 
so  rigid  as  those  of  their  brethren  of  La  Trappe.  This  was 
indicated  by  the  motto  over  their  door;  which,  carved  in  large 
letters,  still  stands  thus : 

"  FAY    CE    QUE    VOUDRAS." 

"0*  Dashicood  shall  pour,  ff-c. 

There  was  for  many  years  in  the  great  I'oom  at  the  King's 
Arms  Tavern,  in  Old  Palace  Yard,  an  original  picture  of  Sir 
Francis  Dashwood,  presented  by  himself  to  the  Dilettanti 
Club.  He  is  in  the  habit  of  a  Franciscan,  kneeling  before 
the  Venus  de  Medicis,  and  a  bumper  in  his  hand,  with  the 
words  "  matri  sanctorum  "  in  capitals. 

For  some  time  the  grossness  of  the  picture  excited  consider- 


186  SUPPLEMENTAL    NOTES. 

able  indignation  in  the  minds  of  the  better  portion  of  the 
public;  but  that  feeling  subsided  with  the  recollection  of  the 
individual,  and  the  picture  still  remained  until  lately  among 
others  belonging  to  the  Club  in  their  room  at  the  Thatched 
House  Tavern,  St.  James's  Street,  and  has  become  with  the 
entire  collection  matter  of  history  and  art  only,  and  a  not  iin- 
useful  record,  and  it  may  be  hoped  warning,  of  the  more  fla- 
grant outrages  upon  decency  of  the  men  of  that  generation. 

81)5  And  those  old  wreaths,  which  Oxford  once  dared  twine. 

The  minuteness  with  which  the  poet  has  entered  into  the 
characters  of  the  Oxonian  professors,  may  be  ascribed  to 
a  visit  which  in  the  summer  of  1763  he  paid  to  the  University 
of  Oxford,  in  company  with  his  friends  Thornton  and  Colman, 
in  order  to  be  present  at  the  Encaenia,  which  that  year 
derived  additional  lustre  from  the  installation  of  the  Earl  of 
Lichfield ;  and  on  occasion  of  which  Dr.  King  delivered  the 
celebrated  oration  mentioned  in  a  preceding  note.  Colman, 
during  the  excursion,  published  a  few  numbers  of  a  paper 
which  he  called  Terrte  Filius,  from  the  assumed  name  of  the 
ancient  Pasquin  of  the  University-,  and  in  which  he  designated 
the  Triumvirate,  of  which  he  constituted  a  part,  by  the  follow- 
ing appellations,  himself  as  Dapper  the  genius,  from  being  the 
author  of  some  essays  so  entitled  and  written  by  him  for 
the  St.  James's  Magazine;  Thornton  as  Rattle,  the  fluent 
student,  from  his  volatile  and  desultory  habits  of  composition 
and  conversation ;  and  Chui'chill  Tiddy  Doll,  on  account  of 
the  unseemly  exhibition  he  made  of  a  gold-laced  hat.  The 
circumstance  of  this  publication  having  been  attributed  to  our 
author,  was  thus  noticed  in  the  second  number  of  it.  "  The 
ministerial  and  anti-ministerial  characters  in  the  University, 
whose  ideas  of  wit  and  humour  are  almost  entirely  absorbed 
in  port  and  politics,  will  have  it  that  I  am  one  or  other  of  the 
supposed  authors  of  the  North  Briton;  since  it  is  generally 
reported  that  the  Reverend  Gentleman,  having  snapped  the  last 
cord  of  poor  Hogarth's  heart-strings,  will  come  down  in  his 
laced  hat,  like  General  Churchill  or  Tiddy  Doll,  and  being  a 
member  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  it  is  taken  for  granted 
that  the  convocation  will  take  this  public  opportunity  of  ad- 
mitting him  ad  etmdem.'" 


SUPPLEMENTAL    NOTES.  187 

One  of  the  best,  if  not  the  very  best,  of  Wilkes's  compositions 
was  his  obseiTations  on  tlie  reprimand  addressed  by  Sir  John 
Cust,  as  Spealier  of  the  House  of  Commons,  to  the  Mayor  of 
the  City  of  Oxford  and  some  electors  who  had  been  convicted 
of  bribery,  in  which,  by  way  of  aggravation  of  their  conduct, 
the  Speaker  said,  "  you  had  at  all  times  the  example  of  one  of 
the  most  honoured  and  respectable  bodies  in  Europe  before 
your  eyes ;  their  conduct  in  every  instance,  but  especially  in 
the  choice  of  their  representatives  in  parliament,  being  well 
worthy  of  your  imitation." 

Wilkes  in  these  observations,  after  ironically  recapitulating 
many  incidents  in  the  poUtical  history  of  the  University  as  well 
worthy  of  imitation,  thus  concludes : 

"  When  their  Chancellor  the  Duke  of  Ormond  was  attainted 
of  high  treason,  was  it  '  worthy  of  imitation '  that  the  Uni- 
versity chose  for  his  successor  a  man  equally  disaffected, 
his  own  brother,  the  Earl  of  An-an?  In  the  late  reign,  the 
conduct  of  the  university,  particularly  of  the  Vice-Chancellor, 
in  the  affair  of  the  students  who  had  publicly  drunk  the  Pre- 
tender's health  on  their  knees,  was  so  infamous  that  the  go- 
vernment could  not  wink  at  it.  Even  so  mild  a  prince  as 
George  n.  was  at  last  forced  to  a  severity  painful  to  his  nature, 
but  which  the  public  good  rendered  necessary,  against  the 
most  inveterate  enemies  of  Ms  person  and  family ;  was  the 
conduct  of  Oxford  then  worthy  of  imitation  ? 

"Methinks,  I  still  hear  the  seditious  shouts  of  applause 
given  to  the  pestilent  harangues  of  the  late  Dr.  Kmg,  when 
he  vilified  our  gi-eat  deliverer,  the  Duke  of  Cumberland,  and 
repeated  with  such  energy  the  temble  redeat.  Was  the  con- 
duct of  the  University,  at  the  opening  of  the  Katcliffe  library, 
by  their  behaviour  to  the  known  enemies  of  the  Brunswick 
line,  and  their  approbation  of  eveiy  thing  hateful  to  liberty 
and  her  friends,  worthy  of  imitation?  When  I  was  told  of 
all  tunes,  and  every  instance,  in  which  Oxford  has  been  ex- 
emplary in  her  conduct,  I  have  been  led  to  consider  those 
two  instruments  of  slavery, — the  Oxford  decree  in  the  time 
of  Charles  II.  and  the  recognition  at  the  accession  of  James 
II.  as  being  both,  or  either  as  far  as  in  them  lay,  an  absolute 
renunciation  of  Magna  Charta." 


THE     FAREWELL. 

The  goodness  of  the  intention  must  here  atone  for  the  defi- 
ciency in  the  versification,  and  strength  of  argument  for  flow 
of  poetry.  The  question  in  discussion,  between  the  poet  and 
his  friend,  has  been  a  standing  topic  of  disputation  for  ages; 
we  wlio  liave  lived  to  see  the  wildest  theories  of  the  schools 
attempted  to  be  reduced  into  practice,  and  have  witnessed 
the  cosmopolitical  efforts  of  Anacharsis  Cloots,  the  sublime 
orator  of  the  human  race,  together  with  the  termination  of 
his  career,  are  tolerably  competent  to  decide  upon  the  mad- 
ness, if  not  the  wickedness,  of  the  attempt  to  counteract  one 
of  the  most  powerful  and  beneficial  instincts  implanted  in  our 
natures,  the  love  of  Father-land. 

We  make  no  apology  for  quoting  from  the  poetry  of  the  anti- 
Jacobin,  a  masterly  exposure  of  that  pretended  universal  phi- 
lanthropy, which  involves  an  entire  neglect  of  the  practical 
duties  of  the  social  and  domestic  affections. 

After  an  invocation  to  the  "  nameless  Bard,"  the  many- 
languaged  author  of  that  powerful  combination  of  much 
learning  and  sound  criticism,  with  a  considerable  portion  of 
prejudice  and  caprice,  "  The  Pursuits  of  Literature,"  the 
author  of  the  verses  entitled  New  Morality,  thus  proceeds : 

"  If  vice  appal  thee,  if  thou  view  with  awe. 
Insults  that  brave,  and  crimes  that  'scape  the  law; — 
Yet  may  the  specious  bastard  brood,  which  claim 
A  spurious  homage  imder  virtue's  name; 
Sprung  from  that  parent  of  ten  thousand  crimes, 
The  new  Philosophy  of  modem  times — 
Yet,  these  may  rouse  thee ! — With  unsparing  hand, 
Oh,  lash  the  vile  impostors  from  the  land ! 
First,  stern  philanthropy : — not  she,  who  dries 
The  orphan's  tears  and  wipes  the  widow's  eyes; 
Not  she,  who,  sainted  charity  her  guide, 
Of  British  bounty  pours  the  annual  tide ; — 


THE    FAREWELL. 


189 


But  French  philanthropy  ;-whose  boundless  mind 
Glows  Avith  the  general  love  of  aU  mankind; 
PhUanthropy,  beneath  whose  baneful  sway 
Each  patriot  passion  sinks,  and  dies  away. 

Taught  in  her  school  to  imbibe  thy  mawkish  stram, 
Condorcet  filter'd  thi-ough  the  dregs  of  Paine. 
Each  pert  adept  disowns  a  Briton's  part, 
And  plucks  the  name  of  England  from  his  heaj-t. 
What,  shall  a  name,  a  word,  a  sound,  control 
The  aspiring  thought,  and  cramp  the  expansive  soul  ? 
Shall  one  half-peopled  island's  rocky  round 
A  love,  that  glows  for  all  creation,  bound? 
And  social  charities  contract  the  plan 
Framed  for  thy  freedom,  universal  man  ? 
No— through  the  extended  globe  his  feelings  ruu, 
As  broad  and  general  as  the  unbounded  sun ! 
No  nan-ow  bigot  he  ;—his  reason'd  view 
Thy  interests,  England,  ranks  with  thine,  Peru! 
France,  at  our  doors,  he  sees  no  danger  nigh. 
But  heaves  for  Turkey's  woes  the  impartial  sigh; 
A  steady  patriot  of  the  world  alone. 
The  friend  of  every  country— but  his  own." 


THE  farewp:ll. 

p.  Fakewell  to  Europe,  and  at  once,  farewell 
To  all  the  follies  which  in  Europe  dwell ; 
To  Eastern  India  now,  a  richer  clime, 
Richer  alas  !  in  everything,  but  rhyme, 
The  Muses  steer  their  course ;  and,  fond  of  change, 
At  large,  in  other  worlds,  desire  to  range,  s 

Resolved,  at  least,  since  they  the  fool  must  play. 
To  do  it  in  a  different  place,  and  way. 

F.  "What  whim  is  this,  what  error  of  the  brain, 
What  madness  worse  than  in  the  dog-star's  reign  ? 
"Why  into  foreign  countries  would  you  roam, 
Are  there  not  knaves  and  fools  enough  at  home  ? 
If  satire  be  thy  object,  and  thy  lays 
As  yet  have  shewn  no  talents  fit  for  praise  ; 
If  satire  be  thy  object,  search  all  round,  is 

Nor  to  thy  purpose  can  one  spot  be  found 
Like  England,  where,  to  rampant  vigour  grown, 
"Vice  chokes  up  every  virtue  ;  where,  self-sown 
The  seeds  of  folly  shoot  forth  rank  and  bold, 
And  every  seed  brings  forth  a  hundred-fold.       20 

P.  No  more  of  this — though  (Truth,  the  more 
our  shame,  [claim. 

The  more  our  guilt,)  though  Truth  perhaps  may 
And  justify  her  part  in  this,  yet  here, 


THE    FAREWELL.  ^  191 

For  the  first  time,  e'en  Truth  oiFends  my  ear, 
Declaim  from  morn  to  night,  from  night  to  morn, 
Take  up  the  theme  anew,  when  day's  new-born, 
I  hear,  and  hate — be  England  what  she  will, 
With  all  her  faults,  she  is  my  country  still. 

F.  Thy  country  ?  and  what  then  ?      Is  that 
mere  word 
Against  the  voice  of  Reason  to  be  heard  ?  30 

Are  prejudices,  deep  imbibed  in  youth. 
To  counteract,  and  make  thee  hate  the  truth  ? 
'Tis  the  sure  symptom  of  a  narrow  soul 
To  draw  its  grand  attachment  from  the  whole. 
And  take  up  with  a  part ;  men,  not  confined       35 
Within  such  paltry  limits,  men  design'd 
Their  nature  to  exalt,  where'er  they  go, 
Wherever  waves  can  roll,  and  winds  can  blow, 
Where'er  the  blessed  sun,  placed  in  the  sky 
To  watch  this  subject  world,  can  dart  his  eye, 
Are  still  the  same,  and  prejudice  outgrown. 
Consider  every  country  as  their  own,  « 

At  one  grand  view  they  take  in  nature's  plan, 
Not  more  at  home  in  England  than  Japan. 

P.  My  good,  grave  Sir  of  Theory,  whose  wit. 
Grasping  at  shadows,  ne'er  caught  substance  yet, 
'Tis  mighty  easy  o'er  a  glass  of  wine 
On  vain  refinements  vainly  to  refine. 
To  laugh  at  poverty  in  plenty's  reign, 
To  boast  of  apathy  when  out  of  pain,  so 

And  in  each  sentence,  worthy  of  the  schools, 
Varnish'd  with  sophistry,  to  deal  out  rules 


192  '  TUE    FAREWELL. 

Lfost  fit  for  practice,  but  for  one  poor  fault, 
That  into  practice  they  can  ne'er  be  bz'ought. 

At  home,  and  sitting  in  your  clbow-cliair ;       ss 
You  praise  Japan,  though  you  was  never  there : 
But  was  the  ship  this  moment  under  sail, 
Would  not  your  mind  be  changed,  your  spirits 

fail? 
Would  you  not  cast  one  longing  eye  to  shore, 
And  vow  to  deal  in  such  wild  schemes  no  more? 
Ilowe'er  our  pride  may  tempt  us  to  conceal 
Those  passions  which  Ave  cannot  choose  but  feel. 
There's  a  strange  something,  which,  without  a 

brain, 
Fools  feel,  and  which  e'en  wise  men  can't  explain, 
Planted  in  man  to  bind  him  to  that  earth,  65 

In  dearest  ties,  from  whence  he  drew  his  birth. 

68  Dear  is  the  tie  that  links  the  anxious  sire 
To  the  fond  babe  that  prattles  round  his  fire ; 
Dear  is  the  love  that  prompts  tiie  generous  youth 
His  sire's  fond  cares  and  drooping  age  to  soothe; 
Dear  is  the  brother,  sister,  husband,  wife; 
Dear  all  the  charities  of  social  life : 
Nor  wants  firm  friendship  holy  wreaths  to  bind 
In  mutual  sj-mpathy  the  faithful  mind : 
But  not  the  endearing  strings  that  fondly  move 
To  filial  duty  or  parental  love. 
Nor  all  the  ties  that  kindred  bosoms  bind, 
Nor  all  in  friendship's  holy  ■WTcaths  entwined. 
Are  half  so  dear,  so  potent  to  control 
The  generous  workings  of  the  patriot  soul, 
As  is  that  holy  voice,  that  cancels  all 
Those  ties  that  bids  him  for  his  country  fall. 
At  this  high  summons,  with  undaunted  zeal, 


THE     FAKEWELL.  193 

If  honour  calls,  Avhere'er  she  points  the  way 
The  sons  of  honour  follow,  and  obey ; 
If  need  compels,  wherever  we  are  sent 
'Tis  want  of  courage  not  to  be  content ;  70 

But,  if  we  have  the  liberty  of  choice, 
And  all  depends  on  our  own  single  voice. 
To  deem  of  every  countiy  as  the  same 
Is  rank  rebellion,  'gainst  the  lawful  claim 
Of  Nature,  and  such  dull  indifference  75 

May  be  philosophy,  but  can't  be  sense. 

F.  Weak  and  unjust  distinction,  strange  design. 
Most  peevish,  most  perverse,  to  undermine 
Philosophy,  and  throw  her  empire  down  [crown. 
By  means  of  sense,  from  whom  she  holds  her 
Divine  Philosophy,  to  thee  we  owe  si 

All  that  is  worth  possessing  here  below ; 
Virtue  and  wisdom  consecrate  thy  reign. 
Doubled  each  joy,  and  pain  no  longer  pain. 

When,  like  a  garden,  where,  for  want  of  toil 
And  wholesome  discipline,  the  rich,  rank  soil 
Teems  Avith  incumbrances  ;  where  all  around. 
Herbs,  noxious  in  their  nature,  make  the  ground, 
Like  the  good  mother  of  a  thankless  son. 
Curse  her  own  womb,  by  fruitfulness  undone  ;     so 


He  bares  his  breast,  invites  the  impending  steel, 
Smiles  at  tlie  hand  that  deals  the  fatal  blow, 
Nor  heaves  one  sigh,  for  all  he  leaves  below. 

On  the  Love  of  our  Country,  an  Oxford  Prize  Poem,  by 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Christoplier  Butson,  aftenvards  Bean 
of  Waterford  and  Bishop  of  Chnfert. 
VOL.    III.  13 


194  THE   FAREWELL. 

Like  such  a  garden,  when  the  human  soul, 
Uncultured,  wild,  impatient  of  control, 
Brings  forth  those  passions  of  luxuriant  race. 
Which  spread,  and  stifle  every  herb  of  grace.      84 
Wliilst  Virtue,  chcck'd  by  the  cold  hand  of  scorn, 
Seems  withering  on  the  bed  where  she  was  born, 
Philosophy  steps  in,  with  steady  hand, 
She  brings  her  aid,  she  clears  the  encumber'd  land  ; 
Too  virtuous  to  spare  Vice  one  stroke,  too  wise 
One  moment  to  attend  to  Pity's  cries —  "oo 

See  with  what  godlike,  what  relentless  power 
She  roots  up  every  weed  !  ^ 

p.  And  every  flower. 

Philosophy,  a  name  of  meek  degree. 
Embraced,  in  token  of  humility,  'm 

By  the  proud  sage,  who,  whilst  he  strove  to  bide. 
In  that  vain  artifice,  reveal'd  his  pride ; 
Philosophy,  whom  Nature  had  design'd 
To  purge  all  errors  from  the  human  mind. 
Herself  misled  by  the  philosopher,  no 

At  once  her  priest  and  master  made  us  err : 
Pride,  pride,  like  leaven  in  a  mass  of  flour, 
Tainted  her  laws,  and  made  e'en  virtue  sour. 

100  Diogenes  of  Synope,  413,  B.C.,  affected  a  brutish  indif- 
ference not  only  to  tlie  luxuries,  but  to  the  comforts  and 
decent  necessities  of  life.  Treading  upon  Plato's  robe,  he  ex- 
claimed, "Thus  I  trample  under  foot  the  pride  of  Plato;" 
"  With  gi-cater  pride  on  your  part,"  was  Plato's  just  retort 
The  cynic  was  also,  of  course,  a  Cosmopolite ;  being  asked 
what  countryman  he  was,  he  answered,  "a  citizen  of  the 
world." 


THE    FAREWELL. 


195 


Had  she,  content  within  her  proper  sphere, 
Taught  lessons  suited  to  the  human  ear,  ns 

Which  might  fair  Virtue's  genuine  fruits  produce, 
Made  not  for  ornament,  but  real  use. 
The  heart  of  man,  unrivall'd,  she  had  sway'd. 
Praised  by  the  good,  and  by  the  bad  obey'd ; 
But  when  she,  overturning  Reason's  throne,       120 
Strove  proudly  in  its  place  to  plant  her  own ; 
When  she  with  apathy  the  breast  would  steel. 
And  teach  us,  deeply  feeling,  not  to  feel; 
When  she  would  wildly  all  her  force  employ. 
Not  to  correct  our  passions,  but  destroy  ;  »25 

When,  not  content  our  nature  to  i-estore, 
As  made  by  God,  she  made  it  all  new  o'er ; 
When,  with  a  strange  and  criminal  excess. 
To  make  us  more  than  men  she  made  us  less  ; 
The  good  her  dwindled  power  with  pity  saw,     i3o 
The  bad  with  joy,  and  none  but  fools  with  awe- 
Truth  with  a  simple  and  unvarnish'd  tale. 
E'en  from  the  mouth  of  Norton  might  prevail. 
Could  she  get  there;  but  Falsehood's  sugar'd 

strain 
Should  pour  her  fatal  blandishments  in  vain,      133 
Nor  make  one  convert,  though  the  Siren  hung, 
Where  she  too  often  hangs,  on  Mansfield's  tongue. 
Should  all  the  Sophs,  whom  in  his  course  the  sun 
Hath  seen,  or  past,  or  present,  rise  in  one  ; 
Should  he,  whilst  pleasure  iiTeach  sentence  flows, 
Like  Plato,  give  us  poetry  in  prose ;  "' 

141  Plato,  420  B.  c,  the  pupil  of  Socrates,  and  the  prince 


196  THE    FAREWELL. 

Should  he,  full  orator,  at  once  impart 
The  Athenian's  genius  with  the  Roman's  art  ; 
Genius  and  art  should  in  this  instance  fail,   [vail. 
Nor  Rome,  though  join'd  with  Athens,  here  pre- 
'Tis  not  in  man,  'tis  not  in  more  than  man,         »« 
To  make  me  find  one  fault  in  Nature's  plan. 
Placed  low  ourselves,  we  censure  those  above. 
And  wanting  judgment,  think  that  she  wants  love, 
Blame,  where  we  ought  in  reason  to  commend, 
And  think  her  most  a  foe,  Avhen  most  a  friend. 
Such  be  philosophers — their  specious  art,   [heart, 
Though  Friendship  pleads,  shall  never  warp  my 
Ne'er  make  me  from  this  breast  one  passion  tear, 
"Which  Nature,  my  best  friend,  hath  planted  there. 

F.  Forgiving  as  a  friend,  what,  whilst  I  live, 
As  a  philosopher  I  can't  forgive, 
In  this  one  point  at  last  I  join  with  you, 
To  nature  pay  all  that  is  Nature's  due ; 
But  let  not  clouded  Reason  sink  so  low,  iso 

To  fancy  debts  she  does  not,  cannot  owe : 

of  philosophers;  the  beautiful  style,  melodj^,  and  harmony 
of  whose  language  and  writings,  gave  currency  to  a  tradition, 
that  a  swarm  of  bees  had  settled  on  his  lips,  when  an  infant 
in  his  cradle.  To  the  discredit  of  our  universities,  and  of  the 
literati  of  England,  no  good  translation  exists  of  his  works, 
except  of  a  portion  only  of  them  by  Sydenham.  One  Thomas 
Taylor,  a  crazy  professing  beUever  in  the  Inhabitants  of 
Tooke's  Pantheon,  did  Plato  into  English,  in  six  bulky  quarto 
volumes,  under  the  joint  patronage  of  Charles,  Duke  of  Nor 
folk,  and  of  a  wealthy  pavior ;  but  chiefly  at  the  charge  of 
the  latter.  Taylor  always  contrived  to  find  persons  still  more 
crazy  than  himself  to  admire  him ;  among  others,  one  Valadi, 


THE    FAREWELL.  197 

Bear,  to  full  manhood  grown,  those  shackles  bear, 
Which  Nature  meant  us  for  a  time  to  wear, 
As  we  wear  leading-strings,  which,  useless  grown, 
Are  laid  aside,  when  we  can  walk  alone ;  les 

But  on  thyself  by  peevish  humour  sway'd, 
"Wilt  thou  lay  burdens  Nature  never  laid  ?     [errs, 
Wilt  thou  make  faults,  whilst  Judgment  weakly 
And  then  defend,  mistaking  them  for  hers  ? 
Darest  thou  to  say,  in  our  enlighten'd  age,         ira 
That  this  grand  master  passion,  this  brave  rage 
Which  flames  out  for  thy  country,  was  imprest 
And  iix'd  by  Nature  in  the  human  breast  ? 

If  you  prefer  the  place  where  you  was  born. 
And  hold  all  others  in  contempt  and  scorn         175 
On  fair  comparison ;  if  on  that  land 
With  liberal,  and  a  more  than  equal  hand, 
Her  gifts,  as  in  profusion,  Plenty  sends ; 
If  Virtue  meets  with  more  and  better  friends ; 
If  Science  finds  a  patron  'mongst  the  great ;       iso 
If  Honesty  is  minister  of  state  ; 
If  Power,  the  guardian  of  our  rights  design'd. 
Is  to  that  great,  that  only  end,  confined ; 

au  Italian  enthusiast,  and  regicide  member  of  tlie  French 
National  Convention,  who  came  over  to  England  expressly 
to  do  homage  to  the  faith  and  virtue  of  the  Platonist,  as  he 
was  called,  and  lived  with  him  at  his  house  in  Walworth  for 
sis  weeks,  during  which  period  they  devoutly  prayed,  burned 
incense,  and  poured  libations  to  the  Gods.  This  farce,  how- 
ever, had  a  tragic  termination,  as  Valadi  returned  to  Paris 
only  just  in  time  to  be  guillotined  on  the  accusation  of  his 
leader,  Robespierre,  as  suspected  of  entertaining  susjncious  in- 
tercourse with  England. 


198  TIIK    TAUlCWrLL. 

If  riches  are  employ'd  to  bless  the  poor ; 

If  law  is  sacred,  liberty  secure ;  iss 

Let  but  these  facts  depend  on  proofs  of  weight, 

Reason  declares  thy  love  can't  be  too  great, 

And,  in  this  light  could  he  our  country  view, 

A  very  Hottentot  must  love  it  too.  'ss 

But  if  by  Fate's  decrees,  you  owe  your  birth 
To  some  most  barren  and  penurious  earth, 
Where,  every  comfort  of  this  life  denied. 
Her  real  wants  are  scantily  supplied  ; 
Where  power  is  reason,  liberty  a  joke, 
Laws  never  made,  or  made  but  to  be  broke ;      iss 
To  fix  thy  love  on  such  a  wretched  spot, 
Because,  in  lust's  wild  fever  there  begot ; 
Because,  thy  weight  no  longer  fit  to  bear, 
By  chance,  not  choice,  thy  mother  dropt  thee  there, 
Is  folly,  which  admits  not  of  defence ;  a» 

It  can't  be  nature,  for  it  is  not  sense. 
By  the  same  argument  which  here  you  hold, 
(When  Falsehood's  insolent,  let  Truth  be  bold) 
If  Propagation  can  in  torments  dwell, 
A  devil  must,  if  born  there,  love  his  hell.  sos 

P.  Had  Fate,  to  whose  decrees  I  lowly  bend. 
And  e'en  in  punishment  confess  a  friend, 
Ordain'd  my  birth  in  some  place  yet  untried, 
On  purpose  made  to  mortify  my  pride, 
AVhere  the  sun  never  gave  one  glimpse  of  day. 
Where  science  never  yet  could  dart  one  ray,       210 
Had  I  been  born  on  some  bleak,  blasted  plain 
Of  barren  Scotland,  in  a  Stuart's  reign, 


THE    FAREWELL.  199 

Or  in  some  kingdom,  where  men,  weak,  or  worse, 
Turn'd  Nature's  every  blessing  to  a  curse  ;         215 
Where  crowns  of  freedom,  by  the  fathers  won, 
Dropp'd  leaf  by  leaf  from  each  degenerate  son, 
In  spite  of  all  the  wisdom  you  display. 
All  you  have  said,  and  yet  may  have  to  say, 
My  weakness  here,  if  weakness,  I  confess,         220 
I  as  my  country,  had  not  loved  her  less. 

Whether  strict  reason  bears  me  out  in  this, 
Let  those  who,  always  seeking  always  miss, 
The  ways  of  reason,  doubt  with  precious  zeal ; 
Theirs  be  the  praise  to  argue,  mine  to  feel.        225 
Wish  we  to  trace  this  passion  to  the  root, 
We,  like  a  tree,  may  know  it  by  its  fruit ; 
From  its  rich  stem  ten  thousand  virtues  spring. 
Ten  thousand  blessings  on  its  branches  cling ; 
Yet  in  the  circle  of  revolving  years  230 

Not  one  misfortune,  not  one  vice  appears. 
Hence,  then,  and  what  you  Reason  call,  adore ; 
This,  if  not  reason,  must  be  something  more. 

But  (for  I  Avish  not  others  to  confine. 
Be  their  opinions  unrestrain'd  as  mine)  2a5 

Whether  this  love's  of  good,  or  evil  growth, 
A  vice,  a  virtue,  or  a  spice  of  both, 
Let  men  of  nicer  argument  decide  ; 
If  it  is  virtuous,  soothe  an  honest  pride 
With  hberal  praise  ;  if  vicious,  be  content,         240 
It  is  a  vice  I  never  can  repent ; 
A  vice,  which,  weigh'd  in  heaven,  shall  more  avail 
Than  ten  cold  virtues  in  the  other  scale. 


200  THE    FAUEWKLL. 

F.  This  wild,  untenn)er'd  zeal  (which,  after  all, 
We,  candour  unimpeach'd,  might  madness  call) 
Is  it  a  virtue  ?  that  you  scarce  pretend  ;  24s 

Or  can  it  be  a  vice,  like  virtue's  friend, 
Which  draws  us  off  from  and  dissolves  the  force 
Of  private  ties,  nay,  stops  us  in  our  course 
To  that  grand  object  of  the  human  soul,  izso 

That  nobler  love  which  comprehends  the  whole  ? 
Coop'd  in  the  limits  of  this  petty  isle, 
This  nook,  which  scarce  deserves  a  frown  or  smile, 
Weigli'd  with  Creation,  you,  by  whim  undone, 
Give  all  your  thoughts  to  what  is  scarce  worth  one. 
The  generous  soul,  by  Nature  taught  to  soar,       256 
Her  strength  confirm'd  in  philosophic  lore, 
At  one  grand  view  takes  in  a  world  with  ease, 
And,  seeing  all  mankind,  loves  all  she  sees. 

P.  Was  it  most  sure,  which  yet  a  doubt  en- 
dures, 260 
Not  found  in  Reason's  creed,  though  found  in 

yours. 
That  these  two  services,  like  what  we're  told 
And  know  of  God's  and  Mammon's,  cannot  hold 
And  draw  together ;  that,  however  loath. 
We  neither  serve,  attempting  to  serve  both,       265 
I  could  not  doubt  a  moment  which  to  choose. 
And  which  in  common  reason  to  refuse. 

Invented  oft  for  purposes  of  art. 
Born  of  the  head,  though  father'd  on  the  heart. 
This  grand  love  of  the  world  must  be  confest     2ro 
A  barren  speculation  at  the  best. 


THE     FAREWELL. 


201 


Not  one  man  in  a  thousand,  should  he  live 

Beyond  the  usual  term  of  life,  could  give, 

So  rare  occasion  comes,  and  to  so  few. 

Proof  whether  his  regards  are  feign'd,  or  true.  275 

The  love  we  bear  our  country,  is  a  root 
"Which  never  fails  to  bring  forth  golden  fruit ; 
'Tis  in  the  mind  an  everlasting  spring 
Of  glorious  actions,  which  become  a  king. 
Nor  less  become  a  subject ;  'tis  a  debt  280 

Which  bad  men,  tho'  they  pay  not,  can't  forget ; 
A  duty,  which  the  good  delight  to  pay. 
And  every  man  can  practise  every  day. 

Nor,  for  my  life  (so  very  dim  my  eye, 
Or  dull  your  argument)  can  I  descry  sss 

What  you  with  faith  assert,  how  that  dear  love, 
Which  binds  me  to  my  country,  can  remove, 
And  make  me  of  necessity  forego, 
That  general  love  which  to  the  world  I  owe. 
Those  ties  of  px-ivate  nature,  small  extent,  sm 

In  which  the  mind  of  narrow  cast  is  pent, 
Are  only  steps  on  which  the  generous  soul 
Mounts,  by  degrees,  till  she  includes  the  whole. 
That  spring  of  love,  which,  in  the  human  mind, 
Founded  on  self,  flows  narrow  and  confined,      295 
Enlarges  as  it  rolls,  and  comprehends 
The  social  charities  of  blood  and  friends. 
Till  smaller  streams  included,  not  o'erpast, 
It  rises  to  our  country's  love  at  last, 

299  the  human  soul 

Must  rise  from  individual  to  the  whole. 


202  THE     FAREWELL. 

And  he,  with  liberal  and  enlarged  mind,  300 

Who  loves  his  country,  cannot  hate  mankind. 

F.  Friend,  as  you  would  appear  to  common 
sense, 
Tell  me,  or  tliink  no  more  of  a  defence. 
Is  it  a  proof  of  love  by  choice  to  run 
A  vagrant  from  your  country  ?  sos 

P.  Can  the  son 

(Shame,  shame  on  all  such  sons)  with  ruthless 

eye, 
And  heart  more  patient  than  the  flint,  stand  by. 
And  by  some  ruffian,  from  all  shame  divorced ! 
All  virtue,  see  his  honour'd  mother  forced !        310 
Then  ;  no,  by  him  that  made  me,  not  e'en  then, 
Could  I  with  patience,  by  the  worst  of  men, 
Behold  my  country  plunder'd,  beggar'd,  lost 
Beyond  redemption,  all  her  glories  crost. 
E'en  when  occasion  made  them  ripe,  her  fame 
Fled  like  a  dream,  while  she  awakes  to  shame. 

F.  Is  it  not  more  the  office  of  a  friend, 
The  office  of  a  patron,  to  defend 

Self-love  but  serves  the  virtuous  mind  to  wake, 

As  the  small  pebble  stirs  the  peaceful  lake ; 

The  centre  moved ;  a  circle  straight  succeeds, 

Another  still  and  still  another  spreads ; 

Friend,  parent,  neighbour,  first  it  will  embrace, 

His  country  next ;  and  next  all  human  race ; 

Wide  and  more  wide  th'  o'erflowings  of  the  mind 

Take  every  creature  in,  of  every  kind ; 

Earth  smiles  around,  with  boundless  bounty  blest, 

And  heaven  beholds  its  image  in  his  breast.        Pope. 


THE    FAREWELL.  203 

Her  sinking  state,  than  baselj  to  decline 

So  great  a  cause,  and  in  despair  resign  ?  320 

P.  Beyond  my  reach,  alas !  the  grievance  lies, 
And,  whilst  more  able  patriots  doubt,  she  dies. 
From  a  foul  source,  more  deep  than  we  suppose. 
Fatally  deep  and  dark,  this  grievance  flows. 
'Tis  not  that  peace  our  glorious  hopes  defeats  : 
'Tis  not  the  voice  of  Faction  in  the  streets ; 
'Tis  not  a  gross  attack  on  Freedom  made  ; 
'Tis  not  the  arm  of  Privilege  display'd 
Against  the  subject,  whilst  she  wears  no  sting 
To  disappoint  the  purpose  of  a  king  ;  330 

These  are  no  ills,  or  trifles,  if  compared 
With  those,  which  are  contrived,  though  not  de- 
clared. 

Tell  me,  Philosopher,  is  it  a  crime 
To  pry  into  the  secret  womb  of  Time, 
Or,  born  in  ignorance,  must  we  despair  335 

To  reach  events,  and  read  the  future  tliere  ? 
Why,  be  it  so — still  'tis  the  right  of  man. 
Imparted  by  his  Maker,  where  he  can, 
To  former  times  and  men  his  eye  to  cast, 
And  judge  of  what's  to  come,  by  what  is  past. 

Should  there  be  found,  in  some  not  distant  year, 
(0  how  I  wish  to  be  no  prophet  here) 
Amongst  our  British  Lords  should  there  be  found 

825  Bute's  inglorious  peace,  and  Wilkes's  prosecution  by 
government,  and  expulsion  from  the  House  of  Commons,  and 
its  annulling  his  subsequent  returns  for  Middlesex,  consti- 
tuted the  standing  dish  of  grievances  for  the  Patriots  of  1763. 


204  THE     FAREAVELL. 

Some  great  in  power,  in  principles  unsound, 
Who  look  on  freedom  with  an  evil  eye,  sis 

In  whom  tlie  springs  of  loyalty  are  dry ; 
Who  wish  to  soar  on  Avild  Ambition's  winjjs, 
Who  hate  the  Commons,  and  who  love  not  Kings; 
Who  would  divide  the  people  and  the  throne, 
To  set  up  separate  interests  of  their  own ;  250 

Who  hate  whatever  aids  their  wholesome  growth, 
And  only  join  with,  to  destroy  them  both  ; 
Should  thei-e  be  found  such  men  in  after-times. 
May  Heaven,  in  mercy  to  our  grievous  crimes, 
Allot  some  milder  vengeance,  nor  to  them,        355 
And  to  their  rage,  this  wretched  land  condemn. 
Thou  God  above,  on  whom  all  states  depend. 
Who  knowest  from  the  first  their  rise,  and  end. 
If  there's  a  day  mark'd  in  the  book  of  Fate, 
When  ruin  must  involve  our  equal  state  ;  3so 

When  law,  alas !  must  be  no  more,  and  we. 
To  freedom  born,  must  be  no  longer  free ; 
Let  not  a  mob  of  tyrants  seize  the  helm. 
Nor  titled  upstarts  league  to  rob  the  realm  ; 
Let  not,  whatever  other  ills  assail,  3S5 

A  damned  aristocracy  prevail : 
If,  all  too  short,  our  course  of  freedom  run, 
'Tis  thy  good  pleasure,  we  should  be  undone, 
Let  us,  some  comfort  in  our  griefs  to  bring, 
Be  slaves  to  one,  and  be  that  one  a  king. 

37"  But  when  contending  chiefs  blockade  the  tlirone, 
Contracting  regal  power  to  stretch  their  own, 
When  I  behold  a  factious  band  agree 


THE    FAREWELL.  205 

F.  Poets,  accustom'd  by  their  trade  to  feign, 
Oft  substitute  creations  of  the  brain 
For  real  substance,  and,  themselves  deceived, 
Would  have  the  fiction  by  mankind  believed.     374 
Such  is  your  case — but  grant,  to  soothe  your  pride, 
That  you  know  more  than  all  the  world  beside, 
Why  deal  in  hints,  why  make  a  moment's  doubt  ? 
Resolved,  and  like  a  man,  at  once  speak  out ; 
Shew  us  our  danger,  tell  us  where  it  lies. 
And,  to  ensure  our  safety,  make  us  wise.  sso 

P.  Rather  than  bear  the  pain  of  thought,  fools 
stray ; 
The  proud  will  rather  lose  than  ask  their  way  : 
To  men  of  sense  what  needs  it  to  unfold. 
And  tell  a  tale  which  they  must  know  untold  : 
In  the  bad,  interest  warps  the  canker'd  heart,    sss 
The  good  are  hoodwink'd  by  the  tricks  of  art ; 
And,  whilst  arch,  subtle  hypocrites  contrive 
To  keep  the  flames  of  discontent  alive  ; 
Whilst  they,  with  arts  to  honest  men  unknown, 
Breed  doubts  between  the  people  and  the  throne, 
Making  us  fear,  where  reason  never  yet  391 

To  call  it  freedom  wlieii  themselves  are  free; 
Each  -n-anton  judge  new  penal  statutes  draw, 
Laws  grind  the  poor,  and  rich  men  rule  the  law, 
The  wealth  of  climes,  where  savage  nations  roam, 
Pillaged  from  slaves,  to  purchase  slaves  at  home ; 
Fear,  pity,  justice,  indignation  start. 
Tear  off  reserve,  and  bare  my  swelling  heart ; 
TiU  half  a  patriot,  half  a  coward  grown, 
I  fly  from  petty  tyrants  to  the  thi-one. 

Goldsmith's  Tkavellek,  1765. 


206  THE    FAKEWELL. 

AUovv'd  one  fear,  or  could  one  doubt  admit, 

Themselves  pass  unsuspected  in  disguise, 

And  'gainst  our  real  danger  seal  our  eyes.  391 

F.  Mark  them,  and  let  their  names  recorded 
stand, 
On  Shame's  black  roll,  and  stink  through  all  the 
land.  [be ; 

P.  That  might  some  courage,  but  no  prudence 
No  hurt  to  them,  and  jeopardy  to  me. 

F.  Leave  out  their  names. 

P.  For  that  kind  caution,  thanks ; 

But  may  not  judges  sometimes  fill  up  blanks  ? 

F.  Your  country's  laws  in  doubt  then  you  reject. 

P.  The  laws  I  love,  the  lawyers  I  suspect. 
Amongst  Twelve  Judges  may  not  one  be  found 
(On  bare,  bare  possibility  I  ground  «5 

This  wholesome  doubt)  who  may  enlarge,  retrench, 
Create,  and  uncreate,  and  from  the  bench,    [arts. 
With  winks,  smiles,  nods,  and  such  like  paltry 
May  work  and  worm  into  a  jury's  hearts  ? 
Or,  bafiled  there,  may,  turbulent  of  soul,  iio 

Cramp  their  high  office,  and  their  rights  control ; 
Who  may,  though  judge,  turn  advocate  at  large, 
And  deal  replies  out  by  the  way  of  charge, 
Making  Interpretation  all  the  way, 
In  spite  of  facts,  his  wicked  will  obey,  415 

And,  leaving  law  without  the  least  defence, 
May  damn  his  conscience  to  approve  his  sense  ? 

F.  Whilst  the  true  guardians  of  this  charter'd 
land. 


THE    FAREWELL.  207 

In  full  and  perfect  vigour,  juries  stand, 

A  judge  in  vain  shall  awe,  cajole,  perplex.         430 

P.  Suppose  I  should  be  tried  in  Middlesex  ? 

F.  To  pack  a  jury  they  vriU  never  dare. 

P.  There's  no  occasion  to  pack  juries  there. 

F.  'Gainst  prejudice  all  arguments  are  weak  ; 
Reason  herself  without  effect  must  speak.  ia 

Fly  then  thy  country,  like  a  coward  fly, 
Renounce  her  interest,  and  her  laws  defy. 
But  why,  bewitch'd,  to  India  turn  thine  eyes  ? 
Cannot  our  Europe  thy  vast  wrath  suffice  ? 
Cannot  thy  misbegotten  Muse  lay  bare  430 

Her  brawny  arm,  and  play  the  butcher  there  ? 

P.  Thy  counsel  taken,  what  should  Satire  do  ? 
Where  could  she  find  an  object  that  is  new  ? 
Those  travell'd  youths,  whom  tender  mothers  wean, 
And  send  abroad  to  see,  and  to  be  seen ;  435 

With  whom,  lest  they  should  fornicate,  or  worse, 
A  tutor's  sent  by  way  of  a  dry  nurse  ; 
Each  of  whom  just  enough  of  spirit  bears 
To  shew  our  follies,  and  to  bring  home  theirs, 

^3  Most  probably  alluding  to  the  then  recent  acquittal  by 
the  petty  jury,  of  Jlr.  Philip  Carteret  Webb,  solicitor  to  the 
Treasury,  against  whom  an  indictment  had  been  found  by 
the  grand  jury  for  Middlesex,  for  perjury,  alleged  to  have 
been  committed  by  him,  in  the  evidence  he  had  given  upon 
the  trial  of  the  action  brought  by  Wilkes  against  Mr.  Wood, 
the  Earl  of  Egremont's  secretary.  Lord  Mansfield,  in  his 
charge  to  the  jury,  on  this  occasion,  too  pointedlj'  delivered 
his  sentiments  in  favour  of  the  defendant.  The  verdict  was 
however  generally  approved  as  a  righteous  termination  of  a 
frivolous  and  vexatious  proceeding. 


208  THE    FARIiWELL. 

Have  made  all  Europe's  vices  so  well  known, 
They  seem  almost  as  natural  as  our  own.  441 

F.  Will  India  for  thy  pui-pose  better  do  ? 

P.  In  one  respect  at  least — there's  something 
new. 

F.  A  harmless  people,  in  whom  Nature  speaks 
Free  and  untainted,  'mongstwhom  satire  seeks, 
But  vainly  seeks,  so  simply  plain  their  hearts, 
One  bosom  where  to  lodge  her  poison'd  darts. 

P.  From  knowledge  speak  you  this,  or  doubt 
on  doubt, 
Weigh'd  and  resolved,  hath  Reason  found  it  out  ? 
Neither  from  knowledge,  nor  by  reason  taught, 
You  have  faith  every  where,  but  where  you  ought. 
India  or  Europe — what's  there  in  a  name  ? 
Propensity  to  vice  in  both  the  same. 
Nature  alike  in  both  works  for  man's  good. 
Alike  in  both  by  man  himself  withstood.  455 

Nabobs,  as  well  as  those  who  hunt  them  down, 
Deserve  a  cord  much  better  than  a  crown. 
And  a  Mogul  can  thrones  as  much  debase 
As  any  polish'd  prince  of  Christian  race,      [pose, 

F.  Could  you,  a  task  more  hard  than  you  sup- 
Could  you,  in  ridicule  whilst  Satire  glows,  46i 
IMuke  all  their  follies  to  the  life  appear, 
'Tis  ten  to  one  you  gain  no  credit  here  ; 
Howe'er  well  drawn,  the  picture,  after  all. 
Because  we  know  not  the  original,  455 
Would  not  find  favour  in  the  public  eye. 

P.  That,  having  your  good  leave,  I  mean  to  try : 


THK    FAREWELL.  209 

And  if  your  observations  sterling  hold, 

If  the  piece  should  be  heavy,  tame  and  cold, 

To  make  it  to  the  side  of  Nature  lean,  470 

And  meaning  nothing,  something  seem  to  mean : 

To  make  the  whole  in  lively  colours  glow, 

To  bring  before  us  something  that  we  know, 

And  from  all  honest  men  applause  to  win, 

I'll  group  the  Company  and  put  them  in.  475 

F.  Be  that  ungenerous  thought  by  shame  sup- 
press'd, 
Add  not  distress  to  those  too  much  distress'd. 
Have  they  not,  by  blind  zeal  misled,  laid  bare^ 
Those  sores  which  never  might  endure  the  air  ? 
Have  they  not  brought  their  mysteries  so  low, 
That  what  the  wise  suspected  not,  fools  know? 
From  their  first  rise  e'en  to  the  present  hour. 
Have  they  not  proved  their  own  abuse  of  power. 
Made  it  impossible,  if  fairly  view'd, 
Ever  to  have  that  dangerous  power  renew'd,      485 
Whilst  unseduced  by  ministers,  the  throne 
Regards  our  interest,  and  knows  its  own  ? 

P.  Should  every  other  subject  chaace  to  fail, 
Those  who  have  sail'd  and  those  who  wish'd  to 
sail 

475  The  conduct  of  the  Directors  and  the  debates  in  the  East 
India  House  excited  at  this  time  as  much  attention  as  those 
of  Parliament,  and  involved  more  extensive  and  important 
interests. 

489  In  1764,  Lord  Clive  with  a  select  committee  of  his  own 

nomination,  sailed  for  India,  vested  by  the  Directors  with  full 

powci-s  for  settling  the  ditierences  with  the  native  princes, 

and  for  regulating  the  abuses  which  the  unbridled  rapacity 

VOL.    III.  14 


210  THE    FAREWELL. 

In  the  last  fleet,  afford  an  ample  field,  490 

Which  must  beyond  my  hopes  a  harvest  yield. 

of  the  company's  servants  tlicre,  had  hitroduccd  into  every 
department  of  government.  In  the  fonner  object  he  was  emi- 
nently successful,  and  an  addition  of  nearly  two  millions 
Stirling  of  annual  revenue  was  the  fruit  of  his  policy  and 
activity.  The  latter  he  failed  to  accomplish,  for  standing 
alone  in  a  sincere  wish  to  effect  a  reform,  his  plans  were 
counteracted  from  every  quarter;  the  system  of  corruption 
was  too  deeply  rooted  ever  to  be  completely  eradicated:  he 
however  palliated  evils  which  he  could  not  remove,  and  with 
wonderful  resolution  and  address  pursued  his  schemes,  in 
spite  of  the  temporary  mutinies  of  the  military,  and  the  per- 
petual discontents  of  the  civil  servants  of  the  Company. 

Lord  Clive  returned  to  England  in  1767,  and  in  1773  a  mo- 
tion being  made  in  the  House  of  Commons,  of  which  he  was 
a  member,  purporting  "  that  he  had  abused  the  powers  with 
which  he  was  intrusted,"  he  concluded  an  eloquent  and 
spirited  vindication  of  his  conduct,  (in  which  he  insisted  that 
the  Jaghire  had  been  the  only  reward  of  his  services,)  with 
the  following  pathetic  appeal.  "  If  the  resolution  proposed 
should  receive  the  assent  of  the  house,  I  shall  have  nothing 
left  that  I  can  call  my  own,  except  my  paternal  fortune  of 
£bOO  a  year,  and  which  has  been  in  my  family  for  ages  past. 
But  upon  this  I  am  content  to  live,  and  perhaps  I  shall  find  J 

more  real  content  of  mind  and  happiness,  than  in  the  trem-  y 

bling  affluence  of  an  unsettled  fortune.  But  to  be  culled, 
after  sixteen  years  have  elapsed,  to  account  for  my  conduct 
in  this  manner;  and  after  an  uninterrupted  enjoyment  of  my 
property,  to  be  questioned  and  considered  as  obtaining  it  im- 
properly, is  hard  indeed !  and  a  treatment  of  which  I  should 
not  think  the  British  senate  capable.  Yet  if  this  should  be 
the  case,  I  have  a  conscious  innocence  within  me,  that  tells 
me  my  conduct  is  irrepro.achable. — Frangas  nonfiecles.  They 
may  take  from  me  what  I  have ;  they  may,  as  they  think, 
make  me  poor,  but  I  will  be  happy.  Before  I  sit  down  I  have 
one  request  to  make  to  the  house,  that  when  they  come  to 
decide  upon  my  honour,  they  will  not  forget  their  own." 


THE    FAREWELL.  211 

F.  On  such  vile  food  Satire  can  never  thrive. 
P.  She  cannot  starve,  if  there  was  only  Clive. 

The  House  of  Commons  rejected  the  motion,  and  resolved 
"  that  Lord  Clive  had  rendered  great  and  meritorious  services 
to  his  country." 

Such  was  the  issue  of  this  disgraceful  persecution.  If, 
indeed,  the  minister  had  made  his  attack  upon  those  men, 
whose  names  are  recorded  only  in  the  register  of  a  people's 
sufferings ;  upon  those  men  who,  under  tlie  pretence  of  cus- 
tomary presents,  extorted  from  wretches,  who  had  nothing 
but  their  subsistence  to  give,  two  thousand  a  year  for  their 
footman,  two  thousand  a  year  for  their  toilet,  two  thousand 
five  hundred  a  year  for  the  expenses  of  their  table  ;*  upon 
men  who,  under  the  pretence  of  keeping  the  banks  of  rivers 
in  repair,  harassed  the  _people  by  exactions,  that  had  neither 
rule  or  limit;  upon  men  who,  under  pretence  of  a  trafiic  in 
salt,  seized  the  necessaries  of  life,  and  established  a  trade  the 
currents  of  which  were  stained  with  blood;  upon  men,  who 
aggi-avated  the  hon-ors  even  of  pestilence  and  famine ;  and 
when  half  the  inhabitants  were  swept  awaj--,  insisted  that  the 
living  should  pay  the  taxes  of  the  dead,  he  would  then  have 
acted  as  the  guardian  of  his  country's  honour,  and  as  the 
friend  of  human  kind. 

Lord  Clive's  charities  were  extensive;  and  the  present  he 
made  of  £70,000  as  a  provision  for  the  invalids  in  the  com- 
pany's service,  was  one  of  the  noblest  donations  ever  made 
by  a  private  individual.  He  stood  high  in  the  esteem  of  the 
great  Earl  of  Chatham,  who  used  to  say,  that  he  looked  upon 
him  as  a  heaven-born  general,  as  one  who,  though  not  bred  a 
soldier,  was  glowing  with  a  noble  ardour  for  the  glory  of  his 
country,  and  inspired  with  a  genius  superior  to  imaginary 
dangers,  who  had  dared  to  defy  all  opposition,  and  had  tri- 
umphed over  an  enemy,  the  standards  of  whose  hosts  out- 
numbered his  whole  army. 

•  Examinations  at  the  bar  of  the  House  of  Commons,  and 
Reports  of  the  Committee  of  Secrecy,  1772, 1773. 


THE  TIMES. 

If  the  times  were  really  as  depraved  when  the  poet  wrote  as 
he  represents  them  to  have  been,  we  should  have  cause  to 
rejoice  in  the  ameliorated  condition  of  our  countrymen  at 
this  period.  But  we  arc  persuaded  that  Englishmen  never 
merited  the  general  execration,  so  nervously  bestowed  upon 
them  in  this  poem.  A  depraved  few  have  occasionally  im- 
ported from  abroad,  crimes,  at  the  mention  of  which,  every 
good  man  must  shudder ;  but  neither  rank  nor  fortune  have 
been  able  to  shield  them  from  the  indignation  and  abhorrence 
of  all  ranks  of  people,  and  shunned  even  by  common  villains 
they  shik  into  the  grave,  martyrs  to  tortures  more  severe 
than  the  offended  laws  of  their  country  could  inflict. 

As  some  such  wretches,  however,  still  exist,  and  unfortu- 
nately in  the  higher  classes  of  society,  we  could  not  think 
ourselves  justified  in  omitting,  as  we  at  one  time  intended  to 
have  done,  the  whole  of  this  poem,  the  effect  of  which  is 
weakened  by  the  general  nature  of  the  charge.  To  stigma- 
tize a  whole  nation  for  the  crimes  of  a  few  individuals,  is  an 
attempt  as  unjust  as  it  is  futile,  and  the  satirist  defeats  his 
own  aim,  by  the  indiscriminate  extension  of  his  rage. 

Upon  such  a  subject  we  have  however  thought  proper  to 
abstain  from  illustrating  the  obscurities  that  occur  in  this 
poem;  the  circulation  of  unauthenticated  rumours,  however 
well  founded,  could  not  authorize  our  further  mention  of 
them,  and  we  should  deem  ourselves  inexcusable  were  we,  in 
an  attempt  to  gratify  the  curiosity  of  our  readers,  to  fix  an 
indelible  stain  upon  the  memory  of  persons,  who  have  either 
been  the  innocent  victims  of  the  most  injurious  calumny,  or 
if  guilty,  have  appeared  before  that  tribunal,  the  just  judg- 
ments of  which,  neither  wealth  nor  influence  can  evade. 

In  the  course  of  our  author's  other  poems,  we  have  not  scru- 
pled the  elucidation  of  such  passages  as  relate  to  transactions 
ofpublicity  either  in  the  political  or  literary  Avorld;  on  these 


THE    TIMES.  213 

subjects  most  readers  have  already  formed  their  own  opinions, 
and  must  indulge  us  in  the  expression  of  ours ;  they  are  fair 
subjects  of  investigation,  and  unconscious  of  a  wilful  per- 
version of  facts,  we  have  not  hesitated  in  corroborating  or 
correcting  our  author's  statements  respecting  public  cha- 
racters and  events;  if  we  are  guilty  of  incorrectness  or  mis- 
representation, every  reader  is  competent  to  our  correction, 
and  by  our  credulity  we  shall  incur  only  our  own  condem- 
nation and  disgrace.  In  private  life  it  is  otherwise ;  there  we 
may  circulate  slanders  which  most  will  be  willing  to  believe, 
and  few  can  contradict ;  under  these  circumstances,  we  have 
abstained,  as  much  as  possible,  from  entering  into  the  detail 
of  the  scandalous  chronicle  of  the  day  with  reference  to  the 
atrocities  adverted  to  in  this  poem,  applying  our  elucidations 
only  to  the  ordinary  subjects  of  it. 

The  second  and  eighth  satires  of  Juvenal  particularly 
breathe  the  boldest  language  of  invective  and  indignation 
against  the  atrocious  profligacy  of  the  times  in  which  he 
lived.  The  supposed  degeneracy  of  modern  ages  may  afford 
a  fruitful  source  of  pathetic  declamation;  but  the  pages  of 
civilized  European  history  will  confirm  the  assertion  that  at 
no  period  has  mankind  been  so  deeply  immersed  in  all  the 
disgusting  varieties  of  the  most  avowed  sensuality,  as  from 
the  bright  era  of  the  Augustan  age,  down  to  the  general 
diffusion  of  Christianity  early  in  the  fourth  century. 


o^ 


0  pater  urbis ! 
Unde  nefas  tantum  Latiis  pastoribus  ?  unde 
Hfec  tetigit,  Gradive  tuos  urtica  nepotes? 
Traditur  ecce  viro  clarus^  genere ;  atque  opibus  vir: 
Nee  galeam  quassas,  nee  terram  cuspide  pulsas. 
Nee  qufereris  patri  ?    Vade  ergo,  et  cede  severi 
Jugeribus  campi,  quem  negligis. 

Juvenal. 


THE   TIMES. 

Tiiic  time  hath  been,  a  boyish,  blusliiiig  time, 
When  modesty  was  scarcely  held  a  crime ; 
When  the  most  wicked  had  some  touch  of  grace, 
And  trembled  to  meet  Virtue  face  to  face : 
When  those,  who,  in  the  cause  of  Sin  grown  grey, 
Had  served  her  without  grudging,  day  by  day, 
Were  yet  so  Aveak  an  awkward  shame  to  feel. 
And  strove  that  glorious  service  to  conceal : 
We,  better  bred,  and  than  our  sires  more  wise, 
Such  paltry  narrowness  of  soul  despise :  lo 

To  virtue  every  mean  pretence  disclaim. 
Lay  bare  our  crimes,  and  glory  in  our  shame. 

Time  was,  ere  Temperance  had  fled  the  realm. 
Ere  Luxury  sat  guttling  at  the  helm 
From  meal  to  meal,  without  one  moment's  space 
Reserved  for  business,  or  allow'd  for  grace ; 
Ere  vanity  had  so  far  conquer'd  sense 
To  make  us  all  wild  rivals  in  expense, 
To  make  one  fool  strive  to  outvie  another, 
And  every  coxcomb  dress  against  his  brother ; 
Ere  banish'd  industry  had  left  our  shores. 
And  labour  was  by  pride  kick'd  out  of  doors ; 
Ere  idleness  prevail'd  sole  queen  in  courts, 
Or  only  yielded  to  a  rage  for  sports  ;  ai 

Ere  each  weak  mind  was  with  externals  caught. 
And  dissipation  held  the  place  of  thought ; 


THE    TIMES.  215 

Ere  <^amblin2;  lords  in  vice  so  far  were  gone 

To  cog  the  die,  mid  bid  the  sun  look  on  ; 

Ere  a  great  nation,  not  less  just  than  free. 

Was  made  a  beggar  by  economy  ;  so 

Ere  rugged  honesty  was  out  of  vogue  ; 

Ere  fashion  starap'd  her  sanction  on  the  rogue ; 

Time  was,  that  men  had  conscience  that  they 

made 
Scruples  to  owe  what  never  could  be  paid. 
Was  one  then  found,  however  high  his  name, 
So  far  above  his  fellows  damn'd  to  shame, 
Who  dared  abuse  and  falsify  his  trust, 
Who,  being  great,  yet  dared  to  be  unjust, 
Shunn'd  like  a  plague,  or  but  at  distance  view'd, 
He  walk'd  the  crowded  streets  in  solitude,  ^o 

Kor  could  his  rank,  and  station  in  the  land 
Bribe  one  mean  knave  to  take  him  by  the  hand. 
Such  rigid  maxims  (O,  might  such  revive 
To  keep  expiring  honesty  alive) 
Made  rogues,  all  other  hopes  of  fame  denied, 
Not  just  through  principle,  be  just  through  pride. 
Our  times,  more  polish'd,  wear  a  different  face, 

30  As  the  cant  word  of  the  Pelham  administration  had 
been  candour,  so  that  of  Lord  Bute's  was  economy.  At  the 
opening  of  the  first  session  after  the  peace,  his  majesty  in 
his  speech  strenuously  advised  his  Parliament  "to  lay  the 
foundation  of  that  economy,  Avhich  we  owe  to  ourselves  and 
our  posterity,  and  which  can  alone  relieve  this  nation  from 
the  heavy  burdens  brought  upon  it  by  the  necessities  of  this 
long  and  expensive  war."  How  little  this  intimation  was 
attended  to  the  progressive  increase  of  the  national  debt 
sufficiently  attests. 


216 


Tin:  TIMES. 


Debts  are  an  honour,  payment  a  disgrace. 
Men  of  weak  minds,  high^laced  on  folly's  list, 
May  gravely  tell  us  trade  cannot  subsist,  su 

Nor  all  those  thousands  wlio're  in  trade  employ 'd, 
If  faith  'twixt  man  and  man  is  once  destroy 'd. 
Why — be  it  so — we  in  that  point  accord  ; 
But  what  are  trade  and  tradesmen  to  a  lord  ? 
Faber,  from  day  to  day,  from  year  to  year, 
Hath  had  the  cries  of  tradesmen  in  his  ear, 
Of  tradesmen  by  his  villany  betray'd, 
And  vainly  seeking  justice,  bankrupts  made. 
What  is't  to  Faber  ?  lordly,  as  before. 
He  sits  at  ease,  and  lives  to  ruin  more :  w 

Fix'd  at  his  door,  as  motionless  as  stone, 
Begging,  but  only  begging  for  their  own  ; 
Unheard  they  stand,  or  only  heard  by  those. 
Those  slaves  in  livery,  who  mock  their  woes. 
What  is't  to  Faber  ?  he  continues  great,  es 

Lives  on  in  grandeur,  and  runs  out  in  state. 

75  The  assumption  of  the  disgraceful  privilege  of  delaying 
an  honest  creditor  in  the  payment  of  a  just  debt;  and  of  the 
mean  one  of  injuring  the  revenue  by  an  exemption  from 
contributing  to  one  of  the  fairest  sources  of  it,  are  circum- 
stances which  certainly  reflect  no  credit  on  the  legislature. 
The  foi-mer  renders  it  frequently  more  expedient  for  a  trades- 
man to  relinquish  his  demand  than  risk  a  further  loss  in  the 
prosecution  of  a  tedious  and  expensive  process,  in  case  his 
debtor  should  thus  have  taken  sanctuary : 

And  growing  great  from  his  revenue  spent, 
Have  flown  from  bailiffs  into  parliament. 

The  latter  before  the  restrictions   imposed   upon  it  within 


THE    TIMES.  217 

The  helpless  widow  wrung  with  deep  despair, 
In  bitterness  of  soul  pours  forth  her  prayer, 
Iluo-o-in^  her  starving  babes  with  streaming  eyes, 
And  calls  down  vengeance,  vengeance  from  the 
skies.  ™ 

What  is't  to  Faber !  he  stands  safe  and  clear. 
Heaven  can  commence  no  legal  action  here  ; 
And  on  his  breast  a  mighty  plate  he  wears, 
A  plate  more  firm  than  triple  brass,  which  bears^ 
The  name  of  privilege,  'gainst  vulgar  awe  ;         « 
He  feels  no  conscience,  and  he  fears  no  law. 

Nor  think,  acquainted  with  small  knaves  alone, 
Who  have  not  shame  outlived,  and  grace  out- 
grown, 
Tlie  great  world  hidden  from  thy  reptile  view. 
That  on  such  men,  to  whom  contempt  is  due,      so 
Contempt  shall  fall,  and  their  vile  author's  name 
Recorded  stand  through  all  the  land  of  shame. 


these  few  years,  was  by  some  speculators  considered  as  more 
than  an  adequate  reimbursement  for  certain  expenses  they 
had  incurred,  and  we  have  in  consequence,  seen  franks  sold 
in  the  gambling  houses  in  the  precincts  of  St.  James's,  and 
scattered  with  unlimited  profusion  on  the  counters  of  Lombard 
Street.  The  late  acts  respecting  franking,  have  very  materi- 
ally corrected  these  flagrant  abuses,  though  the  privilege  in 
its  present  restricted  condition  forms  a  considerable  deduction 
from  the  revenue,  and  the  deficiency  must  of  course  be  levied 
upon  those  who  are  much  less  able  to  afford  it.  An  exemp- 
tion from  so  equitable  and  convenient  a  tax,  should  be  con- 
fined to  the  public  offices  on  public  business,  and  to  the  sailors 
and  soldiers  in  our  fleets  and  armies.     (1804.) 

The  two  privileges  of  parliament  above  alluded  to  have 
been  both  removed,  the  one  by  the  act  for  abolishmg  im- 


218  THK    TIMES. 

No — to  his  poi'ch,  like  Persians  to  the  sun, 
Behold  contending  crowds  of  courtiers  run  ; 
See,  to  his  aid  what  iioIjU;  troops  advance,  « 

All  sworn  to  keep  his  crimes  in  countenance  : 
Nor  wonder  at  it — they  partake  the  charge, 
As  small  their  conscience,  and  their  debts  as 
large. 
Propp'd  by  such  clients,  and  without  control 
From  all  that's  honest  in  the  human  soul ;  » 

prisonment  for  debt,  and  the  otlier  by  the  cheap  postage  sys- 
tem. With  respect  to  the  latter,  had  the  country  been  in  that 
palmy  condition  of  prosperity  which  might  have  been  antici- 
pated from  a  longer  period  of  peace  than  has  ever  been  expe- 
rienced in  this  country,  such  a  sacrifice  of  revenue  might 
have  been  desirable ;  but  luidcr  the  circumstances  of  an  in- 
creasing debt  and  expenditure,  and  a  corresponding  decrease 
in  the  revenue,  the  luxur}-  of  universal  epistolary  scribbling 
has  been  ill  exchanged  for  the  infliction  of  an  income  tax. 
As  a  source  of  revenue  the  Post  Office  is  now  a  total  failure, 
and  the  chief,  if  not  only  gainers,  by  the  reduction  in  charge 
are  the  wealthy  merchants  and  manufacturers,  while  the 
poor  are  altogether  indifferent  to  it,  having  neither  time 
nor  inclination  nor  appliances,  or  means  to  boot,  to  in- 
dulge in  correspondence  ;  the  soldiers  and  sailors  already 
possessed  the  immunity,  and  rarely  availed  themselves  of  it ; 
while  the  middling  classes  are  too  usefully  occupied  to  in- 
dulge in  gratuitous  epistolary  intercourse.  The  great  mass  of 
letters  still  continue  to  be  those  on  matters  of  business,  most 
of  which  must  of  necessity  have  been  written,  while  the 
fancy  portion  of  the  contents  of  the  postman's  bag  are  for 
most  part  the  effusions  of  boarding-school  misses  and  their 
emancipated  companions.  The  great  error  into  which  the 
advocates  of  the  measure  fell,  and  on  which  they  founded 
their  expectation  of  an  increased  revenue,  was  the  supposition 
that  among  the  educated  classes  letter-writing  was  a  luxury 
which  would  be  largely  and  almost  indefinitely  indulged  in. 
whereas  it  is  almost  always  a  task. 


THE    TIMES.  219 

In  grandeur  mean,  with  insolence  unjust, 
"Whilst  none  but  knaves  can  praise,  and  fools  will 

trust, 
Caress'd  and  courted,  Faber  seems  to  stand 
A  mighty  pillar  in  a  guilty  land. 
And  (a  sad  truth,  to  which  succeeding  times       m 
Will  scarce  give  credit,  when  'tis  told  in  rhymes) 
Did  not  strict  honour  with  a  jealous  eye 
Watch  round  the  throne,  did  not  true  piety 
(Who,  link'd  with  honour  for  the  noblest  ends. 
Ranks  none  but  honest  men  amongst  her  friends) 
Forbid  us  to  be  crush'd  with  such  a  weight. 
He  might  in  time  be  minister  of  state. 

But  why  enlarge  I  on  such  petty  crimes  ? 
They  might  have  shock'd  the  faith  of  former  times, 
But  now  are  held  as  nothing — we  begin  lof 

Where  our  sires  ended,  and  improve  in  sin ; 
Rack  our  invention,  and  leave  nothing  new 
In  vice  and  folly  for  our  sons  to  do. 

Nor  deem  this  censure  hard ;  there's  not  a  place 
Most  consecrate  to  purposes  of  grace,  no 

Which  vice  hath  not  polluted ;  none  so  high. 
But  with  bold  pinion  she  hath  dared  to  fly, 
And  build  there  for  her  pleasure  ;  none  so  low 
But  she  hath  crept  into  it,  made  it  know    [reigns, 
And  feel  her  power;  in  courts,  in  camps,  she 
O'er  sober  citizens,  and  simple  swains;  us 

E'en  in  our  temples  she  hath  fix'd  her  throne. 
And  'bove  God's  holy  altars  placed  her  own. 
More  to  increase  the  horror  of  our  state. 
To  make  her  empire  lasting  as  'tis  great ;  120 


220  TIIK    TIMES. 

To  nuikt;  us,  in  lull  grown  perfection  led 
Curses  which  neither  art  nor  time  can  heal ; 
All  shame  discarded,  all  remains  of  pride, 
Meanness  sits  crown'd,  and  triumphs  by  her  side : 
Meanness,  who  gleans  out  of  the  human  mind    i" 
Those  few  good  seeds  which  vice  had  left  behind. 
Those  seeds  which  might  in  lime  to  virtue  tend, 
And  leaves  the  soul  without  a  power  to  mend  ; 
Meanness,  at  sight  of  whom,  with  brave  disdain. 
The  breast  of  manhood  swells,  but  swells  in  vain  ; 
Before  whom  honour  makes  a  forced  retreat, 
And  Freedom  is  compell'd  to  quit  her  seat ; 
Meanness,  which,  like  that  mark  by  bloody  Cain 
Borne  in  his  forehead  for  a  brother  slain, 
God,  in  his  great  and  all-subduing  rage,  135 

Ordains  the  standing  mark  of  this  vile  age. 
The  venal  hero  trucks  his  fame  for  gold, 
The  patriot's  virtue  for  a  place  is  sold  ; 
The  statesman  bargains  for  his  country's  shame. 
And  for  preferment  priests  their  God  disclaim ; 
AVorn  out  with  lust,  her  day  of  lech'ry  o'er, 
The  mother  trains  the  daughter  which  she  bore 
In  her  own  paths ;  the  father  aids  the  plan, 
And,  when  the  innocent  is  ripe  for  man, 
Sells  her  to  some  old  lecher  for  a  wife. 
And  makes  her  an  adulteress  for  life. 
Or  in  the  papers  bids  his  name  appear, 

And  advertises  for  a  L : 

Husband  and  wife,  (whom  avarice  must  applaud) 
Agree  to  save  the  charge  of  pimp  and  bawd ; 
These  parts  they  play  themselves,  a  frugal  pair, 


THE    TIMES.  221 

And  share  the  infamy,  the  gain  to  share, 
Well  pleased  to  find,  when  they  the  profits  tell, 
That  they  have  play'd  the  whoi-e  and  rogue  so 

well.  [spark 

Nor  are  these  things  (which  might  imply  a 
Of  shame  still  left)  transacted  in  the  dark  :         ise 
No — to  the  public  they  are  open  laid, 
And  carried  on  like  any  other  trade. 
Scorning  to  mince  damnation,  and  too  proud 
To  work  the  works  of  darkness  in  a  cloud.         leo 
Li  fullest  vigour  vice  maintains  her  sway ; 
Free  are  her  marts,  and  open  at  noon-day. 
Meanness,  now  wed  to  impudence,  no  more 
In  darkness  skulks,  and  trembles,  as  of  yore, 
When  the  light  breaks  upon  her  coward  eye ;    iw 
Boldly  she  stalks  on  earth,  and  to  the  sky 
Lifts  her  proud  head,  nor  fears  lest  time  abate. 
And  turn  her  husband's  love  to  canker'd  hate. 
Since  fate,  to  make  them  more  sincerely  one. 
Hath  crown'd  their  loves  with  Montague  their  son ; 
A  son  so  like  his  dam,  so  like  his  sire. 
With  all  the  mother's  craft,  the  father's  fire, 
An  image  so  express  in  every  part. 
So  like  in  all  bad  qualities  of  heart. 
Thai,  had  they  fifty  children,  he  alone  "5 

Would  stand  as  heir  apparent  to  the  throne. 

With  our  own  island  vices  not  content, 
We  rob  our  neighbours  on  the  Continent ; 
Dance  Europe  round,  and  visit  every  court, 
To  ape  their  follies  and  their  crimes  import :     iso 


222  THE    TIMES. 

To  different  lands  for  different  sins  we  roam, 
And,  richly  freighted,  bring  our  cargo  home. 
Nobly  industrious  to  make  vice  appear 
In  her  full  state,  and  perfect  only  here.  m 

To  Holland,  where  politeness  ever  reigns. 
Where  primitive  sincerity  remains. 
And  makes  a  stand  ;  where  Freedom  in  her  cour.-e 
Hath  left  her  name,  though  she  hath  lost  her  force 
In  that  as  other  lands  ;  where  simple  trade 
Was  never  in  the  garb  of  Fraud  array'd  ;  i&o 

Where  avarice  never  dared  to  shew  his  head ; 
Where,  like  a  smiling  cherub,  mercy,  led 
By  reason,  blesses  the  sweet-blooded  race. 
And  cruelty  could  never  find  a  place  ; 
To  Holland  for  that  charity  we  roam,  iss 

Which  happily  begins  and  ends  at  home. 

France,  in  return  for  peace  and  power  restored, 

185  These  characteristic  sketches  of  the  principal  European 
states  evince  a  thorough  knowledge  of  their  prominent  fea- 
tures; and  our  Author,  though  differing  from  Goldsmith  in 
style,  does  not  yield  to  him  either  in  accuracy  of  delineation 
or  in  the  true  spirit  of  poetry. 

197  That  the  terms  of  the  treaty  of  peace  of  1763,  by  which 
the  rights  of  fishery  and  some  West  India  Islands  and  other 
colonial  possessions  were  restored  to  France  and  Spain,  were 
inadequate  to  our  successes,  and  so  far  resembled  that  of 
Utrecht,  is  pretty  generally  admitted;  but  whatever  might 
have  been  done  then,  that  we  could  have  procured  a  better 
either  by  prolonging  the  war,  or  employing  different  negotia- 
tors, is  at  best  problematical,  and  might,  for  aught  we  know, 
very  reasonably  be  thought  too  hazardous  an  experiment. 
For,  notwithstandmg  the  validity  of  some  few  exceptions,  and 
the  violence  with  which  the  tide  of  popularity  ran  at  first 


THE    TIMES.  223 

For  all  those  countries,  which  the  hero's  sword 
Unprofitably  purchased,  idly  thrown  199 

Into  her  lap,  and  made  once  more  her  own ; 
France  hath  afforded  large  and  rich  supplies 
Of  vanities  full-trimm'd  ;  of  polish'd  lies, 
Of  soothing  flatteries,  which  through  the  ears 
Steal  to,  and  melt  the  heart ;  of  slavish  fears 
Which  break  the  spirit,  and  of  abject  fraud — 
For  which,  alas!  we  need  not  send  abroad.         206 
Spain  gives  us  pride — which  Spain  to  all  the 
Earth 
May  largely  give,  nor  fear  herself  a  dearth — 
Gives  us  that  jealousy,  which,  born  of  fear 
And  mean  distrust,  gi'ows  not  by  Nature  here — 

both  against  the  peace  and  the  peace-makers,  the  more  con- 
siderate part  of  the  people  fell  into  the  notion,  that  on  the 
whole  it  was  no  disadvantageous  peace.  Subsequent  occur- 
rences reminded  ministers  of  the  truth  of  the  assertion,  that 

this  is 

A  discontented  nation,  and  by  far 

Harder  to  rule  in  times  of  peace  than  war ; 

Easily  set  together  by  the  ears, 

And  full  of  causeless  jealousies  and  fears, 

Apt  to  revolt,  and  willing  to  rebel, 

And  never  are  contented  when  they're  well. 

De  Foe's  True-born  Englislunun. 
206  De  Foe  in  the  same  admirable  satire,  has  thus  designat- 
ed the  French : 

"  Ungovem'd  passion  settled  first  in  France, 
Where  mankind  lives  in  haste,  and  thrives  by  chance ; 
A  dancing  nation,  fickle  and  untrue. 
Have  oft  themselves  undone  and  others  too: 
Prompt  the  infernal  dictates  to  obey, 
And  in  hell's  favour  none  more  great  than  they." 


224  THE    TIMES. 

Gives  US  that  superstition,  which  preteuds         i;ii 
By  the  worst  means  to  serve  the  best  of  ends — 
That  cruelty,  which,  stranger  to  the  brave, 
Dwells  only  with  the  coward  and  the  slave ; 
That  cruelty,  which  led  her  Christian  bands 
With  more  than  savage  rage  o'er  savage  lands, 
Bade  her,  without  remorse,  whole  countries  thin. 
And  hold  of  nought,  but  mercy,  as  a  sin. 

Italia,  nurse  of  every  softer  art, 
Who,  feigning  to  refine,  unmans  the  heart ;        220 
Who  lays  the  realms  of  Sense  and  Virtue  waste  ; 
Who  mars  while  she  pretends  to  mend  our  taste ; 
Italia,  to  complete  and  crown  our  shame, 
Sends  us  a  fiend,  and  Legion  is  his  name. 
The  farce  of  greatness  without  being  great,        223 
Pride  without  power,  titles  without  estate, 
Souls  without  vigour,  bodies  without  force, 
Hate  without  cause,  revenge  Avithout  remorse, 
Dark,  mean  revenge,  murder  without  defence. 
Jealousy  without  love,  sound  without  sense,       230 
Mirth  without  humour,  without  wit  grimace, 
Faith  without  reason.  Gospel  without  grace, 
Zeal  without  knowledge,  without  nature  art. 
Men  without  manhood,  women  without  heart ; 
Half-men,  who,  dry  and  pithless,  are  debarr'd 
From  man's  best  joys — no  sooner  made  than 

marr'd — 
Half-men,  whom  many  a  rich  and  noble  dame. 
To  serve  her  lust,  and  yet  secure  her  fame, 
Keeps  on  high  diet,  as  we  capons  feed, 


.     THE    TIMES.  225 

To  glut  our  appetites  at  last  decreed ;  2« 

Women,  who  dance  in  postures  so  obscene, 
They  might  awaken  shame  in  Aretine ; 
Who,  when  retired  from  the  day^s  piercing  light, 
They  celebrate  the  mysteries  of  Night, 
Might  make  the  Muses,  in  a  corner  placed         245 
To  view  their  monstrous  lusts,  deem  Sappho  chaste : 
These,  and  a  thousand  follies  rank  as  these, 
A  thousand  faults,  ten  thousand  fools,  who  please 
Our  pall'd  and  sickly  taste,  ten  thousand  knaves, 
Who  serve  our  foes  as  spies,  and  us  as  slaves, 
Who,  by  degrees,  and  unperceived,  prepare 
Our  necks  for  chains  which  they  already  wear. 
Madly  we  entertain,  at  the  expense  253 

Of  fame,  of  virtue,  taste,  and  common  sense. 

Nor  stop  we  here — the  soft  luxurious  East, 
Where  man,  his  soul  degraded,  from  the  beast 
In  nothing  different  but  in  shape  we  view, 
They  walk  on  four  legs,  and  he  walks  on  two. 
Attracts  our  eye,  and  flowing  from  that  source, 
Sins  of  the  blackest  character,  sins  worse  260 

Than  all  her  plagues,  which  truly  to  unfold, 
Would  make  the  best  blood  in  my  veins  run  cold, 
And  strike  all  manhood  dead,  which  but  to  name. 
Would  call  up  in  my  cheeks  the  marks  of  shame : 
Sins,  if  such  sins  can  be,  which  shut  out  grace ; 
Which  for  the  guilty  leave  no  hope,  no  place. 
E'en  in  God's  mercy ;  sins  'gainst  Nature's  plan 
Possess  the  land  at  large,  and  man  for  man 
Burns  in  those  fires,  which  hell  alone  could  raise 

VOL.   III.  15 


226  THE   TIMES. 

To  make  him  more  than  damu'd ;  which,  in  the  days 
Of  punishment,  whe^j  guilt  becomes  her  prey, 
With  all  her  tortures  she  can  scarce  repay. 

Be  grace  shut  out,  be  mercy  deaf,  let  God 
With  tenfold  terrors  arm  that  dreadful  nod 
Which  speaks  them  lost,  and  sentenced  to  despair ; 
Distending  wide  her  jaws,  let  hell  prepare. 
For  those  who  thus  offend  amongst  mankind, 
A  fire  more  fierce,  and  tortures  more  refined : 
On  earth,  Avhich  groans  beneath  their  monstrous 

weight, 
On  earth,  alas  !  they  meet  a  different  fate  :         280 
And  whilst  the  laws,  false  grace,  false  mercy,  shown, 
Are  taught  to  wear  a  softness  not  their  own. 
Men,  whom  the  beasts  would  spurn,  should  they 

appear 
Amongst  the  honest  herd,  find  refuge  here. 

No  longer  by  vain  fear,  or  shame  controU'd,    sss 
From  long,  too  long,  security  gi'own  bold, 
Mocking  rebuke,  they  brave  it  in  our  streets : 
And  Lumley  e'en  at  noon  his  mistress  meets : 
So  public  in  their  crimes,  so  daring  grown. 
They  almost  take  a  pride  to  have  them  known,    ^so 
And  each  unnatural  villain  scarce  endures 
To  uake  a  secret  of  his  vile  amours. 
Go  where  we  will,  at  every  time  and  place, 
Sodom  confronts,  and  stares  us  in  the  face ; 
They  ply  in  public  at  our  very  doors,  zm 

And  ta,ke  the  bread  from  much  more  honest 

whores. 


THE    TIMES.  227 

Those  who  are  mean  high  paramours  secure, 
And  the  rich  guilty  screen  the  guilty  poor ; 
The  sin  too  proud  to  feel  from  reason  awe, 
And  those,  who  practise  it,  too  great  for  law.     soo 

Woman,  the  pride  and  happiness  of  man, 
Without  whose  soft  endearments  Nature's  plan 
Had  been  a  blank,  and  life  not  worth  a  thought ; 
Woman,  by  all  the  Loves  and  Graces  taught, 
With  softest  arts,  and  sure,  though  hidden  skill. 
To  humanize,  and  mould  us  to  her  will ;       [here, 
Woman,  with  more  than  common  grace  form'd 
With  the  persuasive  language  of  a  tear 
To  melt  the  rugged  temper  of  our  isle. 
Or  win  us  to  her  purpose  with  a  smile ;  3io 

Woman,  by  fate  the  quickest  spur  decreed, 
The  fairest,  best  reward  of  every  deed 
Which  bears  the  stamp  of  honour,  at  whose  name 
Our  ancient  heroes  caught  a  quicker  flame. 
And  dared  beyond  belief,  whilst  o'er  the  plain. 
Spurning  the  carcases  of  princes  slain,  sis 

Confusion  proudly  strode,  whilst  Horror  blew 
The  fatal  trump,  and  Death  stalk'd  full  in  view  ; 
Woman  is  out  of  date,  a  thing  thrown  by. 
As  having  lost  its  use  :  no  more  the  eye,  320 

With  female  beauty  caught,  in  wild  amaze. 
Gazes  entranced,  and  could  for  ever  gaze ; 
No  more  the  heart,  that  seat  where  Love  resides. 
Each  breath  drawn  quick  and  short,  in  fuller  tides 
Life  posting  through  the  veins,  each  pulse  on  fire. 
And  the  whole  body  tingling  with  desire, 


228  THE    TIMES. 

Pants  for  those  charms,  which  Virtue  might  en- 
gage, 
To  break  his  vow,  and  thaw  the  frost  of  Age, 
Bidding  each  trembhng  nerve,  each  muscle  strain, 
And  giving  pleasure  which  is  almost  pain.  330 

Women  are  kept  for  nothing  but  the  breed ; 
For  pleasure  we  must  have  a  Ganymede, 
A  fine,  fresh  Hylas,  a  delicious  boy. 
To  serve  our  purposes  of  beastly  joy. 

Fairest  of  nymphs,  where  every  nymph  is  fair. 
Whom  Nature  form'd  with  more  than  common 

care, 
With  more  than  common  care  whom  Art  im- 
proved, 
And  both  declared  most  worthy  to  be  loved, 

neglected  wanders,  whilst  a  crowd 

Pursue  and  consecrate  the  steps  of ^^o 

She,  hapless  maid,  born  in  a  wretched  hour, 
Wastes  life's  gay  prime  in  vain,  like  some  fair 
flower, 

8*9  There  were  three  Apicii,  at  Rome,  celebrated  for  their 
gluttony.  The  first  was  contemporary  with  Sylla,  the  second 
with  Augustus,  and  the  third  lived  in  the  reign  of  Trajan. 
The  second  was  the  most  famous ;  he  is  introduced  in  Lord 
Lyttelton's  dialogues  of  the  dead;  and  of  him,  among  other 
extraordinary  anecdotes,  it  is  related,  that  having  spent  moi'e 
than  half  a  million  of  pounds  sterling  upon  his  table,  and 
finding,  on  examining  the  state  of  his  afliurs,  that  he  had  but 
£50,000  left,  he  poisoned  himself  lest  he  should  be  starved 
upon  so  small  a  sum. 

Dederas,  Apici,  bis  tricenties  ventri, 
Sed  adhuc  supererat  centies  tibi  laxum. 


THE    TIMES.  229 

Sweet  in  its  scent,  and  lively  in  its  hue, 
Which  withers  on  the  stalk  from  whence  it  grew, 
And  dies  uncropp'd  ;  whilst  he  admired,  caress'd, 
Beloved,  and  every  where  a  welcome  guest. 
With  brutes  of  rank  and  fortune  plays  the  whore, 
For  this  unnatural  lust  a  common  sewer. 

Dine  with  Apicius — at  his  sumptuous  boai'd 
Find  all,  the  world  of  dainties  can  afford —        350 
And  yet  (so  much  distemper'd  spirits  pall 
The  sickly  appetite)  amidst  them  all 
Apicius  finds  no  joy,  but  whilst  he  carves 
For  every  guest,  the  landlord  sits  and  starves. 

The  forest  haunch,  fine,  fat,  in  flavour  high. 
Kept  to  a  moment,  smokes  before  his  eye. 
But  smokes  in  vain ;  his  heedless  eye  runs  o'er 
And  loathes  what  he  had  deified  before : 
The  turtle,  of  a  great  and  glorious  size,  359 

WoTth  its  own  weight  in  gold,  a  mighty  prize. 

Hoc  tu  gravatus,  ne  famem  et  sitim  ferres, 
Summa  venenum  potione  duxisti. 
Nil  est,  Apici,  tibi  gulosius  factum. 

Martial. 

The  same  Apicius  is  also  celebrated  by  Juvenal  and  Lam- 
pridius;  his  favourite  dish  was  one  of  nightingales'  tongues,  in 
his  partiality  for  which  he  was  rivalled  by  the  Emperor  Helioga- 
balus.  His  sailing  to  Alexandria,  and  to  the  coast  of  Lybia,  in 
search  of  a  particular  kind  of  lobster,  the  disappointment  he 
experienced,  and  his  return  without  landing  at  either  place, 
are  mentioned  in  the  dialogues  of  the  dead.  By  the  modem 
Apicius  of  our  poet  we  know  not  who  was  meant ;  but  the 
more  odious  vices  imputed  to  him  are  recorded  by  Tacitus 
and  Die  Cassius,  as  having  also  met  in  the  Apicii  of  antiquity. 


230  THE    TIMES. 

For  which  a  man  of  taste  all  risks  would  run, 
Itself  a  feast,  and  every  dish  in  one ; 
The  turtle  in  luxurious  pomp  comes  in. 
Kept,  kill'd,  cut  up,  prepared,  and  dress'd  by 

Quin ; 
In  vain  it  comes,  in  vain  lays  fuU  in  view  ;        365 
As  Quin  hath  dress'd  it,  he  may  eat  it  too ; 
Apicius  cannot.     When  the  glass  goes  round, 
Quick-circling,  and  the  roofs  with  mirth  resound, 
Sober  he  sits — and  silent — all  alone 
Though  in  a  ci'owd ;  and  to  himself  scarce  known  : 
On  grief  he  feeds  ;  nor  friends  can  cure,  nor  wine 
Suspend  his  cares,  and  make  him  cease  to  pine. 

S66  Quin  was  an  honest  voluptuary  who  indulged  in  the 
dear  delights  of  high  seasoned  venison,  delicious  turtle,  and 
excellent  claret.  In  providing  scarce  and  choice  dishes  for 
dinner,  and  high-flavoured  wines,  he  was  esteemed  to  be  with- 
out a  peer.  Though  fond  to  gluttony  of  fish,  he  was  no  lover 
of  angling,  he  would  even  call  it  a  barbarous  diversion. 
"  Suppose,"  said  he,  "  that  any  being  that  was  as  much  my 
superior  as  I  am  to  these  poor  fish  was  to  say,  tJiis  is  a  fine 
evening,  Vll  go  a  Quinning ;  if  he  were  to  bait  with  a  haunch 
of  venison  I  should  gorge,  and  how  should  I  like  to  be 
dragged  from  Richmond  to  Kingston  floundering  and  flounc- 
ing with  a  hook  in  my  gullet  V"  To  such  discourse  as 
this,  which  was  very  usual  with  him,  we  owe  the  foUowmg 
epigram : 

Says  epicure  Quin,  should  the  devil  in  hell 

In  fishing  for  men  take  delight. 
His  hook  bait  with  venison ;  I  love  it  so  well, 

By  God,  I  am  sure  I  should  bite. 

Dr.  Smollett  has  given,  in  Humphrey  Chnker,  a  pleasing 
portrait  of  his  friend  Quin ;  and  Garrick  in  the  following  good- 


THE    TIMES.  231 

Why  mourns  Apicius  thus  ?  why  runs  his  eye, 
Heedless,  o'er  delicates,  which  from  the  sky 
Might  call  down  Jove  ?  Where  now  his  generous 

wish  375 

That,  to  invent  a  new  and  better  dish, 

The  world  might  burn,  and  all  mankmd  expire, 

So  he  might  roast  a  phoenix  at  the  fire  ? 

Why  swims  that  eye  in  tears,  which,  through  a  race 

Of  sixty  years,  ne'er  shew'd  one  sign  of  grace  ? 

Why  feels  that  heart,  which  never  felt  before  ? 

Why  doth  that  pamper'd  glutton  eat  no  more, 

Who  only  lived  to  eat,  his  stomach  pall'd, 

And  drown'd  in  floods  of  sorrow  ?  hath  Fate  call'd 

His  father  from  the  grave  to  second  life  ?  sss 

humoured_/£u  (Tespit  has  celebrated  the  favourite  propensity 
of  his  once  dreaded  rival. 

A  Soliloquy  by  Mr.  Quin,  V/mi  surveying  the  Body  of  Duke 
Humphry,  in  the  Abbey  Oiurch  of  St.  Albans. 

I. 

A  plague  on  Egypt's  arts,  I  say; 
Embalm  the  dead !  on  senseless  clay 

Ridi  wines  and  spices  waste ! 
Like  sturgeon,  or  like  brawn,  shall  I 
Bound  in  a  precious  pickle,  lie, 

Which  I  can  never  taste  V 

II. 

Let  me  embalm  this  flesh  of  mine 
With  turtle  fat,  and  Bourdeaux  wine, 

And  spoil  the  Egyptian  trade. 
■  Than  good  Duke  Humphry  Jiappier  I 
Embalm'd  alive,  old  Quin  shall  die 

A  mummy  ready  made. 


232  THE    TIMKS.  i 

Hath  Clodius  on  his  liands  return'd  his  wife  ? 

Or  hath  the  law,  by  strictest  justice  taught, 

Compell'd  him  to  restore  the  dower  she  brought  ? 

Hath  some  bokl  creditor,  against  liis  will, 

Brought  in,  and  forced  him  to  discharge,  a  bill,  ' 

Where  eating  had  no  share  ?  hath  some  vain  wench 

Run  out  his  wealth,  and  forced  him  to  retrench  ? 

Hath  any  rival  glutton  got  the  start. 

And  beat  him  in  his  own  luxurious  art  ?  394 

Bought  cates  for  which  Apicius  could  not  pay, 

Or  dress'd  old  dainties  in  a  newer  way  ?  1 

Hath  his  cook,  worthy  to  be  flain  with  rods,  * 

Spoiled  a  dish,  fit  to  entertain  the  gods  ? 

Or  hath  some  varlet,  cross'd  by  cruel  fate. 

Thrown  down  the  price  of  empires  in  a  plate  ? 

None,  none  of  these — his  servants  all  are  tried : 
So  sui-e,  they  walk  on  ice,  and  never  slide ; 
His  cook,  an  acquisition  made  in  France, 
Might  put  a  Chloe  out  of  countenance  ;  404 

Nor,  though  old  Holies  still  maintains  his  stand, 
Hath  he  one  rival  glutton  in  the  land. 

40*  M.  St.  Clouet,  or  Chloe,  as  he  was  more  familiarly  called, 
was  the  predecessor  to  the  still  more  celebrated  le  Stue,  as  ■'■ 

chaf  de  Cuisine  to  Holies,  Duke  of  Newcastle.  M.  Clouet's 
faculty  in  converting  an  old  slipper,  or  any  other  as  nauseous 
and  indigestible  an  article  into  several  indescribable  dishes, 
was  celebrated  in  the  following  epigram : 

"  For  this  your  cook,  Chloe,  his  genius  to  shew  you, 

Would  take  of  a  hog  or  a  piece  of  a  dog, 
And  so  change  it  and  dress  it,  your  Grace  would  not  guess  it, 

Yet  still  it  was  hog  or  a  piece  of  a  dog." 


THE    TIMES.  233 

Women  are  all  the  objects  of  his  hate ; 
His  debts  are  all  unpaid,  and  yet  his  state 
In  full  security  and  triumph  held,  409 

Unless  for  once  a  knave  should  be  expell'd  : 
His  wife  is  still  a  whore,  and  in  his  power. 
The  woman  gone,  he  still  retains  the  dower ; 
Sound  in  the  grave  (thanks  to  his  filial  care 
Which  mix'd  the  draught,  and  kindly  sent  him 

there)  ^n 

His  father  sleeps,  and  till  the  last  trump  shake 
The  corners  of  the  earth,  shall  not  awake,  [chair, 

Whence  flows  this  sorrow,  then  ?     Behind  his 
Did'st  thou  not  see,  deck'd  with  a  solitaire, 
Which  on  his  bare  breast  glittering  play'd,  and 

graced 
With  nicest  ornaments,  a  stripling  placed,  «o 

A  smooth,  smug,  stripling,  in  life's  fairest  prime  ? 
Didst  thou  not  mind,  too,  how  from  time  to  time, 
The  monstrous  lecher,  tempted  to  despise 
All  other  dainties,  thither  turned  his  eyes  ? 
How  he  seem'd  inly  to  reproach  us  all, 
Who  strove  his  fix'd  attention  to  recall. 
And  how  he  wish'd,  e'en  at  the  time  of  grace, 
Like  Janus,  to  have  had  a  double  face  ? 
His  cause  of  grief  behold  in  that  fair  boy  ? 
Apicius  dotes,  and  Corydon  is  coy.  430 

Vain  and  unthinking  stripling !  when  the  glass 
Meets  thy  too  curious  eye,  and,  as  you  pass. 
Flattering,  presents  in  smiles  thy  image  there, 
Why  dost  thou  bless  the  gods,  who  made  thee  fair  ? 


234  THE    TIMES. 

Blame  their  large  bounties,  and  with  reason  blame ; 
Curse,  curse  thy  beauty,  for  it  leads  to  shame  ; 
When  thy  hot  lord,  to  work  thee  to  his  end, 
Bids  showers  of  gold  into  thy  breast  descend, 
Suspect  his  gifts,  nor  the  vile  giver  trust ; 
They're  baits  for  virtue,  and  smell  strong  of  lust. 
On  those  gay,  gaudy  trappings,  which  adorn 
The  temple  of  thy  body,  look  with  scorn ;  442 

View  them  with  horror  ;  they  pollution  mean 
And  deepest  ruin  :  thou  hast  often  seen 
From  'mongst  the  herd,  the  fairest  and  the  best 
Carefully  singled  out,  and  richly  drest. 
With  grandeur  mock'd,  for  sacrifice  decreed, 
Only  in  greater  pomp  at  last  to  bleed. 
Be  warn'd  in  time,  the  threaten'd  danger  shun. 
To  stay  a  moment  is  to  be  undone.  •iso 

What  though,  temptation  proof,  thy  virtue  shine, 
Nor  bribes  can  move,  nor  arts  can  undermine  ? 
All  other  methods  failing,  one  resource 
Is  still  behind,  and  thou  must  yield  to  force. 
Paint  to  thyself  the  horrors  of  a  rape,  435 

Most  strongly  paint,  and,  while  thou  canst,  escape : 
Mind  not  his  promises — they're  made  in  sport — 
Made  to  be  broke — was  he  not  bred  at  court  ? 
Trust  not  his  honour,  he's  a  man  of  birth : 
Attend  not  to  his  oaths — they're  made  oh  earth, 
Not  register'd  in  heaven — he  mocks  at  grace. 
And  in  his  creed  God  never  found  a  place — 
Look  not  for  Conscience — for  he  knows  her  not, 
So  long  a  stranger,  she  is  quite  forgot — 


THE    TIMES.  235 

Nor  think  thyself  in  law  secure  and  firm,  465 

Thy  master  is  a  lord,  and  thou  a  worm, 
A  poor  mean  reptile,  never  meant  to  think, 
Who,  being  well  supplied  with  meat  and  drink, 
And.suffer'd  just  to  crawl  from  place  to  place. 
Must  serve  his  lusts,  and  think  he  does  thee  grace. 

Fly,  then,  whilst  yet  'tis  in  thy  power  to  fly ; 
But  whither  canst  thou  go  ?  on  whom  rely 
For  wish'd  protection  ?     Virtue's  sure  to  meet 
An  armed  host  of  foes  in  every  street. 
What  boots  it,  of  Apicius  fearful  growm,  475 

Headlong  to  fly  into  the  arms  of  Stone  ? 
Or  why  take  refuge  in  the  house  of  prayer 
If  sure  to  meet  with  an  Apicius  there  ? 
Trust  not  old  age,  which  will  thy  faith  betray ; 
Saint  Socrates  is  still  a  goat,  though  grey :    [down, 
Trust  not  green  youth ;  Florio  will  scarce  go 
And,  at  eighteen,  hath  surfeited  the  town : 
Trust  not  to  rakes — alas  !  'tis  all  pretence — 
They  take  up  raking  only  as  a  fence 

'Gainst  common  fame — place  H in  thy  view, 

He  keeps  one  whore  as  Barrow^by  kept  two  :     Jss 

Trust  not  to  marriage — T took  a  wife. 

Who  chaste  as  Dian  might  have  pass'd  her  life. 

Had  slxe  not,  far  more  prudent  in  her  aim, 

(To  propagate  the  honours  of  his  name,  490 

48^  This  initial  applies  to  the  nobleman  so  severely  stig- 
matized under  the  name  of  Apicius.  His  excesses  of  all 
kinds  rendering  it  inconvenient  if  not  unsafe  to  continue  to 
reside  in  this  countrj-,  he  exchanged  the  neighbourhood  of 
Epping  for  the  more  congenial  air  of  Italy. 


236  THE    TIMES. 

And  save  expiring  titles)  taken  care, 
Without  his  knowledge,  to  provide  an  heir : 
Trust  not  to  marriage,  in  mankind  unread ; 
S 's  a  married  man,  and  S new  wed. 

Wouldst  thou  be  safe  ?  society  forswear,         495 
Fly  to  the  desart,  and  seek  shelter  there ; 
Herd  with  the  brutes — they  follow  Nature's  plan — 
There's  not  one  brute  so  dangerous  as  man. 
In  Afric's  wnlds — 'mongst  them  that  refuge  find 
Which  lust  denies  thee  here  among  mankind  : 
Renounce  thy  name,  thy  nature,  and  no  more 
Pique  thy  vain  pride  on  manhood :  on  all  four 
Walk,  as  you  see  those  honest  creatures  do, 
And  quite  forget  that  once  you  walk'd  on  two. 

But,  if  the  thought  of  solitude  alarm,  sos 

And  social  life  hath  one  remaining  charm ; 
If  still  thou  art  to  jeopardy  decreed 
Amongst  the  monsters  of  Augusta's  breed, 
Lay  by  thy  sex,  thy  safety  to  procure, 
Put  off  the  man,  from  men  to  live  secure ;         sio 
Go  forth  a  woman  to  the  public  view, 

513  Achilles,  after  having  been  educated  by  his  tutor 
Chiron  the  centaur,  was  left  by  his  mother  Thetis  at  the 
court  of  Lj'comedes,  King  of  Scyros,  dressed  in  female  attire, 
■with  the  daughters  of  that  monarch:  but  the  aid  of  Achilles 
being  pronounced  by  the  oracle  essential  for  success  against 
Troy,  the  wily  Ulysses,  having  some  intimation  of  the  con- 
cealment, identified  the  youth  by  his  eager  selection  of  arms 
and  warlike  weapons  from  among  the  lighter  wares  and  orna- 
ments, which  Ulysses  exhibited  in  the  palace  of  Lycomedes, 
in  his  assumed  character  of  an  itinerant  merchant. 

Gay  converted  this  story  into  a  comic  English  opera ;  but 


THE    TIMES.  237 

And  with  their  garb  assume  their  manners  too. 
Had  the  hght-footed  Greek  of  Chiron's  school 
Been  wise  enough  to  keep  this  single  rule, 
The  maudlin  hero,  like  a  puling  boy  ^is 

Robb'd  of  his  plaything,  on  the  plains  of  Troy 
Had  never  blubber'd  at  Patroclus'  tomb. 
And  placed  his  minion  in  his  mistress'  room ; 
Be  not  in  this  than  catamites  more  nice, 
Do  that  for  virtue,  which  they  do  for  vice ;        520 
Thus  shalt  thou  pass  untainted  life's  gay  bloom, 
Thus  stand  uncourted  in  the  drawing-room  ; 
At  midnight  thus,  untempted,  walk  the  street, 
And  run  no  danger  but  of  being  beat. 

Where  is  the  mother,  whose  officious  zeal,      555 
Discreetly  judging  what  her  daughters  feel 
By  what  she  felt  herself  in  days  of  yore. 
Against  that  lecher  man  makes  fast  the  door  ? 
Who  not  permits,  e'en  for  the  sake  of  prayer, 
A  priest,  uncastrated,  to  enter  there,  53" 

Nor  (could  her  wishes,  and  her  care  prevail) 
Would  suffer  in  the  house  a  fly  that's  male  ? 

notwithstanding  some  lively  songs,  Corelli's  admirable  music, 
and  Quin's  excellent  personification  of  Lycomedes,  the  public 
were  not  pleased,  and  the  piece  languished  during  its  first  and 
only  season  of  1733.  It  was  printed  (with  as  little  success,) 
the  following  mottoes  being  on  the  title  page : 

Naiuram  expeUas fared  licet  usque  recurret. 

HOEACE. 

deceperat  omnes 


(In  quibus  Ajacem)  sumptce  fallada  vestis. 

Ovid  Met. 


238  THE    TIMES. 

Let  her  discharge  her  cares,  throw  wide  her 

doors, 
Her  daughters  cannot,  if  they  would,  be  whores  ; 
Nor  can  a  man  be  found,  as  times  now  go,         535 
Who  thinks  it  worth  his  while  to  make  them  so. 
Though  they  more  fresh,  more  lively  than  the 
morn. 
And  brighter  than  the  noon-day  sun,  adorn 
The  works  of  Nature  ;  though  the  mother's  grace 
Revives  improved,  in  every  daughter's  face,      5« 
Undisciplined  in  dull  Discretion's  rules. 
Untaught  and  undebauch'd  by  boarding-schools. 
Free  and  unguarded,  let  them  range  the  town, 
Go  forth  at  random,  and  run  pleasure  down. 
Start  where  she  will ;  discard  all  taint  of  fear ;  545 
Nor  think  of  danger,  Avhen  no  danger's  near. 
Watch  not  their  steps — they're  safe  without  thy 

care: 
Unless,  like  Jennets,  they  conceive  by  air, 
And  every  one  of  them  may  die  a  nun. 
Unless  they  breed,  like  carrion,  in  the  sun.         550 
Men,  dead  to  pleasure,  as  they're  dead  to  grace. 
Against  the  law  of  Nature  set  their  face, 

B«  The  fleetness  of  the  Gennet,  a  Spanish  horse,  originat- 
ing from  the  old  Arabian  stock,  gave  rise  to  the  vi;lgar  error, 
or  rather  oriental  hyperbole,  that  the  mares  were  impregnated 
by  the  wind;  and  which  our  countryman  Eay  very  gravely 
mentions  in  his  refutation  of  as  extraordinary  a  fiction  about 
showers  of  frogs,  thus,  "  It  is  no  more  likely  that  Frogs  should 
be  engendered  in  the  clouds  than  Spanish  Gennets  be  begotten 
by  the  wind." 


THE    TIMES.  239 

The  grand  primeval  law,  and  seem  combined 
To  stop  the  propagation  of  mankind ;  554 

Vile  pathics  read  the  Marriage  Act  with  pride, 
And  fancy  that  the  law  is  on  their  side. 

Broke  down,  and  strength  a  stranger  to  his  bed, 
Old  Ligonier,  though  yet  alive,  is  dead ; 

T lives  no  more,  or  lives  not  to  our  isle ; 

No  longer  bless'd  with  a  Czarina's  smile ;  sso 

T is  at  Petersbur":  disofraced, 

And  M grown  grey,  pei'force  grows  chaste ; 

Nor  to  the  credit  of  our  modest  race. 
Rises  one  stallion  to  supply  their  place. 


655  The  man-iage  act  was  passed  in  1753,  with  a  view 
to  prevent  the  clandestine  and  irregular  marriages  of  minors 
and  others.  By  it  are  prescribed  the  forms  now  used,  and 
the  salutary  views  of  the  legislature  were  completely  answered 
by  the  immediate  end  put  to  the  celebration  of  surrepti- 
tious maiTiages  by  the  chaplain  of  the  Fleet  prison,  and  by  a 
class  of  trading  parsons  throughout  England.  By  the  last 
clause  of  the  act,  Scotland  is  expressly  excepted  from  the 
provisions  contained  in  it,  which  may  therefore  be  evaded 
by  a  trip  to  Gretna  Green.  The  expense  of  this  journey 
confines  the  breach  of  the  law  principally  to  the  higher 
classes  in  society,  and  manj'  of  the  fond  couples  have  for  their 
lives  bitterly  experienced  that  though  the  law  might  with 
apparent  impunity  be  evaded,  yet  a  severer  punishment  than 
parliament  could  inflict  was  the  consequence  of  their  im- 
prudence. 

Horace  Walpole  thus  reports  one  of  the  last  debates  on  this 
measure,  "  The  marriage  bill  was  read  for  the  last  time. 
Charles  Townshend  again  opposed  it  with  as  much  argument 
as  before  with  wit.  Mr.  Fox,  with  still  more  wit,  ridiculed  it 
for  an  hour  and  a  half.  Notwithstanding  the  Chancellor's 
obstinacy  in  maintaining  it,  and  the  care  he  had  bestowed 


240  THE    TIMES. 

A  maidenhead,  which,  twenty  years  ago,  sss 

In  mid  December,  the  rank  fly  would  blow   [heat 
Though  closely  kept,  now,  when  the  Dog-star's 
Inflames  the  marrow,  in  the  very  street 
May  lie  untouch'd,  left  for  the  worms,  by  those 
Who  daintily  pass  by,  and  hold  their  nose,         570 
Poor,  plain  Concupiscence  is  in  disgrace. 
And  simple  Lechery  dares  not  shew  her  face, 
Lest  she  be  sent  to  bridewell ;  bankrupts  made, 
To  save  their  fortunes,  bawds  leave  off  their  trade, 
Which  first  had  left  off  them  ;  to  Wellclose  square 
Fine,  fresh,  young  strumpets  (for  Dodd  preaches 
there)  576 

upon  it,  it  was  still  so  incorrect  and  so  rigorous,  that  its  very 
body  guards  had  been  forced  to  make  or  to  submit  to  many 
amendments;  these  were  inserted  in  Mr.  Fox's  copy  in  red 
ink :  the  solicitor-general,  who  sat  near  him  as  he  was  speak- 
ing, said,  "how  bloody  it  looks!"  Fox  took  this  up  with 
spirit,  and  said,  "  yes,  but  you  cannot  say  I  did  it ;  look  what 
a  rent  the  envious  Casca  made,  (this  alluded  to  the  attorney) 
through  this  the  well-beloved  Brutus  stabbed!  (Mr.  Pelham) 
—  however,  he  finished  with  earnest  declarations  of  not  having 
designed  to  abuse  the  chancellor,  though  still  affirming  that  it 
was  scandalous  to  pass  the  bill — but  it  was  passed  by  125 
votes  to  5C."  This  act  was  amended  in  no  very  important 
particulars  by  4  Geo.  IV.  c.  76,  and  lastly,  by  6  and  7 
William  IV.  c.  85,  which  was  passed  in  ease  of  the  tender 
consciences  of  such  jnms  individuals  as  considered  the  inter- 
position of  a  religious  sanction  to  give  validity  to  the  cere- 
mony as  a  grievance,  and  who  were  therefore  indulged  by  the 
legislature  with  the  distinction  and  privilege  of  being  married 
before  the  overseer  of  the  poor,  or  the  relieving  officer  of  the 
district. 

659  See  Supplemental  Note. 


THE    TIMES. 


241 


Throng  for  subsistence :  pimps  no  longer  thrive, 

And  pensions  only  keep  L alive. 

Where  is  the  mother,  who  thinks  all  her  pain, 
And  all  her  jeopardy  of  travail,  gain  sso 

When  a  man-child  is  born,  thinks  every  prayer 
Paid  to  the  full,  and  answer'd  in  an  heir  ? 
Short-sighted  Woman !  little  doth  she  know 

5"6  The  Rev.  Dr.  William  Dodd,  the  unfortunate  divine 
alluded  to,  was  the  eldest  sou  of  the  Rev.  AVilliam  Dodd, 
many  years  vicar  of  Bourne,  in  Lincohishire ;  he  was  bom 
in  May,  1729,  educated  at  Cambridge  as  a  sizar  of  Clare 
Hall,  where  he  took  his  degree  of  B.  A.  with  great  honour, 
and  on  leaving  the  university,  married  very  imprudently  in 
1751  ;  after  which,  he  took  orders,  and  became  a  popular 
preacher.  His  first  preferment  was  the  lectureship  of  "West 
Ham,  he  was  then  chosen  lecturer  of  St.  Olave,  Hart  Street, 
after  which  Bishop  Squire  gave  him  a  prebendal  stall  in 
Brecon,  and  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  chaplains  in  ordi- 
nary to  the  King ;  and  became  tutor  to  Mr.  Stanhope,  after- 
wards Earl  of  Chesterfield.  Dr.  Dodd  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Magdalen  Hospital,  and  its  first  chaplain  on  its  original 
establishment  in  Wellclose  Square,  to  the  chapel  of  which  he 
attracted  overflowing  and  productive  congregations  by  his 
florid  and  declamatory  eloquence.  Horace  Walpole  gives  the 
following  amusing  account  of  a  visit  of  a  party  of  aristocracy 
to  hear  the  popular  young  preacher: 

January  28,  1760. 
"  A  party  was  made  to  go  to  the  JIagdalen  House.  We 
met  at  Northumberland  House  at  five,  and  set  out  in  four 
coaches.  Prince  Edward,  Colonel  Bradenel,  his  groom ;  Lady 
Northumberland,  Lady  M.  Coke,  Lady  Carlisle.  Miss  Pelham, 
Lady  Hertford,  Lord  Beauchamp,  Lord  Himtingdon,  old 
Bowman  and  I.  This  new  convent  is  beyond  Goodman's 
Fields,  and  I  assure  you,  would  content  any  Catholic  alive. 
We  were  received  by— oh !  first,  a  vast  mob,  for  princes  are 
not  so  common  at  that  end  of  the  town  as  at  this.  Lord 
VOL.  III.  16 


242  THE    TIMES. 

What  streams  of  sorrow  from  that  source  may 

flow  ; 
Little  suspect,  while  she  surveys  her  boy,  sss 

Her  young  Narcissus,  with  an  eye  of  joy 
Too  full  for  continence,  that  Fate  could  give 
Her  darling  as  a  curse  ;  that  she  may  live. 
Ere  sixteen  winters  their  short  course  have  run, 
In  agonies  of  soul,  to  curse  that  son.  sm 

Pray  then  for  daughters,  ye  wise  Mothers,  pray  ; 
They  shall  reward  your  love,  nor  make  ye  grey 
Before  your  time  with  sorrow  ;  they  shall  give 

Hertford  at  the  bead  oi  the  governors  with  their  white  staves, 
met  us  at  the  door,  and  led  the  prince  directly  into  the  chapel, 
where,  before  the  altar,  was  an  arm-chair  for  him,  with  a 
blue  damask  cushion,  a  ;;He  dieti,  and  a  footstool  of  black 
cloth,  with  gold  nails.  We  sat  on  forms  near  him.  There 
were  Lord  and  Lady  Denbigh,  in  the  odour  of  devotion,  and 
many  city  ladies.  The  chapel  is  small  and  low,  but  neat, 
hung  with  gothic  paper  and  tablets  of  benefactions.  At  the 
west  end  were  inclosed  the  sisterhood,  above  one  hundred 
and  thirty,  all  in  gi-ayish  brown  stuffs,  broad  handkerchiefs, 
and  flat  straw  hats,  with  a  blue  riband,  puUedover  their  faces. 
As  soon  as  we  entered  the  chapel,  the  organ  played,  and 
the  Magdalens  sung  a  hjinn  in  parts ;  you  cannot  imagine 
how  well.  The  chapel  was  dressed  with  orange  and  myrtle. 
Prayers  then  began,  psalms  and  a  sermon:  the  latter  by  a 
young  clergyman,  one  Dodd,  who  contiibuted  to  the  Popish 
idea  one  had  imbibed,  by  haranguing  entirely  in  the  French 
style,  and  very  eloquently  and  touchingly.  He  apostrophized 
the  lost  sheep,  who  sobbed  and  cried  from  their  souls.  The 
confessor  then  turned  to  the  audience,  and  addressed  himself 
to  his  E.  H.  whom  he  called,  most  illustrious  prince,  beseech- 
ing his  protection.  In  short,  it  was  a  very  pleasing  perform- 
ance, and  I  got  the  most  illustrious  to  deske  it  might  be  print- 
ed."    See  Supplemental  Note,  for  the  reverse  of  this  picture. 


THE   TIMES.  243 

Ages  of  peace,  and  comfort :  whilst  ye  live 
Make  life  most  truly  worth  your  care,  and  save, 
In  spite  of  death,  your  memories  from  the  grave. 
That  sense  with  more  than  manly  vigour 
fraught, 
That  fortitude  of  soul,  that  stretch  of  thought, 
That  genius,  great  beyond  the  narrow  bound 
Of  earth's  low  Avalk,  that  judgment  perfect  found 
When  wanted  most,  that  purity  of  taste,  eoi 

Which  critics  mention  by  the  name  of  chaste  ; 
Adorn'd  with  elegance,  that  easy  flow 
Of  ready  wit,  which  never  made  a  foe  ; 
That  face,  that  form,  that  dignity,  that  ease,       m 
Those  powers  of  pleasing,  with  that  will  to  please. 
By  which  Lepel,  when  in  her  youthful  days. 
E'en  from  the  currish  Pope  extorted  praise, 

607  Mary,  daughter  of  Brigadier-General  Le  Pell,  married 
in  1720,  to  John  Lord  Hervey  (eldest  son  of  the  Earl  of  Bristol) 
who  was  called  up  to  the  House  of  Lords  in  his  father's  life- 
time. Lord  Hervey  died  in  1743,  and  his  eldest  son  suc- 
ceeded to  the  earldom  in  1751 ;  at  which  time  his  Majesty 
by  warrant  granted  to  his  Lordship's  sisters  the  same  prece- 
dency as  daughters  of  an  Earl  of  Great  Britain,  as  if  their 
father  had  lived  to  enjoy  that  dignity.  Lady  Hervey  died 
in  1768,  leaving  issue  surviving  her,  the  late  Earl  of  Bristol 
and  Bishop  of  Derry,  Colonel  Hervey,  and  three  daughters, 
of  whom  Lady  Caroline,  mentioned  by  our  author,  was  one. 
The  high  reputation  Lady  Hervey  enjoyed  is  confirmed  as 
well  by  the  testimony  of  Pope  as  of  the  Earl  of  Chester- 
field, who  thus  speaks  of  her  in  his  Letters  to  his  Son: — 
Lady  Hervey  has  been  bred  all  her  life  at  courts ;  of  which 
she  has  acquired  all  the  easy  good  breeding  and  politeness 
without  the  frivolousness.  She  has  all  the  reading  that  a 
woman  should  have,  and  more  than  any  woman  need  have ; 


244  THE   TIMES. 

"We  see,  transmitted,  in  her  daughter  shine, 
And  view  a  new  Lepel  in  Caroline.  eio 

Is  a  son  born  into  this  world  of  woe  ? 
In  never-ceasing  streams  let  sorrow  flow  ; 
Be  from  tliat  hour  the  house  with  sables  hung, 

T  •  ! 

Let  lamentations  dwell  upon  thy  tongue,  ; 

E'en  from  the  moment  that  he  first  began  eis 

To  wail  and  whine,  let  him  not  see  a  man  : 
Lock,  lock  him  up,  far  from  the  public  eye : 
Give  him  no  opportunity  to  buy. 

Or  to  be  bought :  B ,  though  rich,  was  sold. 

And  gave  his  body  up  to  shame  for  gold.  6.20 

Let  it  be  bruited  all  about  the  town, 
That  he  is  coarse,  indelicate,  and  brown. 
An  antidote  to  lust ;  his  face  deep  scarr'd 
With  the  small-pox,  his  body  maim'd  and  marr'd ; 
Ate  up  with  the  king's  evil,  and  his  blood  625 

Tainted  throughout,  a  thick  and  putrid  flood, 
"Where  dwells  corruption,  making  him  all  o'er. 
From  head  to  foot,  a  rank  and  running  sore, 

for  she  understands  Latin  perfectly  well,  though  she  wisely 
conceals  it ;  no  woman  ever  had  more  than  she  has  le  ion  de  la 
parfaitement  bonne  compagnie,  les  manieres  engageantes,  et  le  | 

je  ne  seals  quoi  qui  plait."  ]i 

610  Lady  Caroline  Hervey  was  the  youngest  daughter  of 
John  Lord  Hervey,  by  the  witty  and  celebrated  Mary  Lepel, 
whose  beauty  and  accomplishments  Lady  Caroline  appears 
to  have  inherited  in  an  eminent  degree.  She  died  unmamed. 
She  was  the  sister  of  George-William,  Augustus-John,  and 
Frederic-Augustus,  successively  Second,  Third,  and  Fourth 
Earls  of  Bristol. 

624  This  cruel  scourge  of  beauty  and  of  life,  has  been 


THE    TIMES.  245 

Shouldst  thou  report  him,  as  by  nature  made, 
He  is  undone,  and  by  thy  praise  betray'd :         eso 
Give  him  out  fair,  lechers,  in  number  more,    [door 
More  brutal  and  more  fierce,  than  throng'd  the 
Of  Lot  in  Sodom,  shall  to  thine  repair. 
And  force  a  passage,  though  a  god  is  there. 
Let  him  not  have  one  servant  that  is  male ;        635 
Where  lords  are  baffled,  servants  oft  prevail. 
Some  vices  they  propose,  to  all  agree ; 

H was  guilty,  but  w^as  M free  ? 

Give  him  no  tutor — throw  him  to  a  punk, 
Rather  than  trust  his  morals  to  a  monk —  tae 

Monks  we  all  know — we,  who  have  lived  at  home, 
From  fair  report,  and  travellers,  who  roam, 
More  feelingly ; — nor  trust  him  to  the  gown, 
'Tis  oft  a  covering  in  this  vile  town 
For  base  designs :  ourselves  have  lived  to  see      6« 
More  than  one  pai'son  in  the  pillory. 

subdued  by  a  kind  of  homoeopathic  process,  the  application 
or  rather  substitution  of  a  milder  and  uninfectious  disease 
of  the  same  character,  if  not  the  same  disease  re-transmitted 
through  the  cow.  But  in  our  gratitude  for  the  salutary  effect 
of  the  cow-pox,  let  us  not  forget  that  Lady  Mary  Wortley 
Montagu,  who,  by  the  introduction  of  inoculation  for  the 
smallpox,  conferred  upon  this  and  surrounding  nations,  one 
of  the  greatest  benefactions  upon  record ;  less  fortunate  than 
Dr.  Jenner,  received  no  bounty  from  parliament,  no  assist- 
ance from  individuals  in  the  diffusion  of  her  remedy,  but  as 
interest  prompted  them  to  adopt  it,  and  no  reward  but  the 
pleasing  consciousness  of  having  been  the  means  of  rescuing 
thousands  and  tens  of  thousands,  nay,  millions,  of  her  fellow- 
creatures  from  pain,  deformity,  and  death.  See  note  in 
Supplement. 


24G  THE    TIMES. 

Should  he  have  brothers,  (image  to  thy  view 
A  scene,  which,  though  not  public  made,  is  true) 
Let  not  one  brother  be  to  t'other  known, 
Nor  let  his  father  sit  with  him  alone.  sso 

Be  all  his  servants  female,  young  and  fair. 
And  if  the  pride  of  Nature  spur  thy  heir 
To  deeds  of  venery,  if,  hot  and  wild. 
He  chance  to  get  some  score  of  maids  with  child, 
Chide,  but  forgive  him  ;  whoredom  is  a  crime    ess 
Which,  more  at  this  than  any  other  lime, 
Calls  for  indulgence,  and,  'mongst  such  a  race. 
To  have  a  bastard  is  some  sign  of  grace. 

Born  in  such,  times,  should  I  sit  tamely  down. 
Suppress  my  rage,  and  saunter  through  the  town 
As  one  who  knew  not,  or  who  shared  these  crimes  ? 
Should  I  at  lesser  evils  point  my  rhymes, 
And  let  this  giant  sin,  in  the  full  eye 
Of  observation,  pass  unwounded  by  ?  664 

Though  our  meek  wives,  passive  obedience  taught. 
Patiently  bear  those  wrongs,  for  which  they  ought. 
With  the  brave  spirit  of  their  dams  possess'd. 
To  plant  a  dagger  in  each  husband's  breast, 
To  cut  off  male  increase  from  this  fair  isle. 
And  turn  our  Thames  into  another  Nile ;  67o 

Though,  on  his  Sunday,  the  smug  pulpiteer, 
Loud  'gainst  all  other  crimes,  is  silent  here, 
And  thinks  himself  absolved,  in  the  pretence 
Of  decency,  which,  meant  for  the  defence 
Of  real  virtue,  and  to  raise  her  price,  ere 

Becomes  an  agent  for  the  cause  of  vice ; 


THE    TIMES.  247 

Though  the  law  sleeps,  and  through  the  care  they 

take 
To  drug  her  well,  may  never  more  awake ; 
Born  in  such  times,  nor  with  that  patience  curst 
Which  saints  may  boast  of,  I  must  speak  or  burst. 

But  if,  too  eager  in  my  bold  career,  63i 

Haply  I  wound  the  nice,  and  chaster  ear ; 
If,  all  unguarded,  all  too  rude,  I  speak. 
And  call  up  blushes  in  the  maiden's  cheek. 
Forgive,,  ye  fair — my  real  motives  view,  63s 

And  to  forgiveness  add  your  praises  too. 
For  you  I  write — nor  wish  a  better  plan, 
The  cause  of  woman  is  most  worthy  man — 
For  you  I  still  will  write,  nor  hold  my  hand 
"Whilst  there's  one  slave  of  Sodom  in  the  land. 

Let  them  fly  far,  and  skulk  from  place  to  place, 
Not  daring  to  meet  manhood  face  to  face. 
Their  steps  I'll  track,  nor  yield  them  one  retreat 
Where  they  may  hide  their  heads,  or  rest  their 

feet. 
Till  God,  in  wrath,  shall  let  his  vengeance  fall. 
And  make  a  great  example  of  them  all,  696 

Bidding  in  one  grand  pile,  this  town  expire, 
Her  towers  in  dust,  her  Thames  a  lake  of  fire. 
Or  they  (most  worth  our  wish)  convinced  though 

late 
Of  their  past  crimes  and  dangerous  estate. 
Pardon  of  women  with  repentance  buy, 
And  learn  to  honour  them  as  much  as  I. 


SUPPLEMENTAL  NOTES. 

6C9  T no  longer  hless'd  with  a  Czarina's  smile. 

This  initial  no  doubt  applies  to  one  of  the  many  paramours, 
foreign  and  domestic,  of  the  Empress  I^lizabeth;  it  would 
not,  however,  repa}-  the  trouble  of  raking  into  the  scandalous 
chronicle  of  St.  Petersburg  of  that  period,  to  ascertain  the 
name  of  the  individual  intended.  Elizabeth,  who  was  a 
daughter  of  Peter  the  Great,  died  in  January,  17G2.  Cathe- 
rine II.  ascended  the  imperial  throne  in  the  following  June; 
she  also  had  her  paramours,  but  they  had  not  become  suffi- 
ciently notorious  to  have  fallen  under  the  cognizance  of  an 
English  satirist. 

576 For  Dodd  preaches  there. 

The  melancholy  story  of  the  disgraceful  and  criminal  ca- 
reer of  this  wretched  man,  and  of  its  fatal  termination,  is  soon 
told.  The  lavish  expenditure  of  himself,  and  his  equally 
unprincipled  wife,  far  exceeded  his  otherwise  ample  income ; 
his  vanity  and  ambition  knew  no  bounds,  and  he  conceived 
projects  to  gratify  both,  at  the  expense  of  his  integrity;  his 
wife,  at  his  instigation,  -WTote  a  letter  to  the  Lady  of  Lord 
Chancenor  Apsley,  offering  a  douceur  of  3000  guineas  if  Dr. 
Dodd  should  be  appointed  to  the  vacant  rectory  of  St.  George, 
Hanover  Square ;  this  letter  was  instantly  communicated  by 
the  Chancellor  to  the  King,  who  immediately  struck  him  out 
of  his  list  of  chaplains.  A  strong  feeling  of  disgust  was  ex- 
pressed by  the  public,  and  Foote  exposed  the  transaction  in 
his  farce  of  the  Cozeners.  No  longer  able  to  remain  in 
England,  he  went  abroad,  met  his  old  pupil,  the  Earl  of 
Chesterfield,  at  Geneva,  who  was  kind  enough  to  give  him 
the  rectory  of  Winge,  in  Buckinghamshire,  of  which  he  re- 
turned to  take  possession,  and  where,  by  a  course  of  quiet 
good  conduct,  he  might  have  redeemed  his  former  misdeeds ; 
but  influenced  by  his  inveterate  love  of  dissipation,  he  went 
in  1776  to  France,  and  among  other  levities,  at  the  races  on 
the  plains  of  Sablon,  exhibited  himself  dressed  in  scarlet  and 
gold,  with  all  the  other  fopperies  of  that  period,  seated  with 


SUPPLEMENTAL     NOTES.  249 

his  wife  and  some  demi-rips  in  a  splendid  equipage.  Early 
in  1777  he  returned  to  England,  and  all  other  resources  fail- 
in  o-,  forged  and  negotiated  a  bond  from  Lord  Chesterfield  to 
liimself  for  £4200,  which  sum  he  actually  received.  He  was 
detected,  tried,  and  sentenced  to  death  on  the  25th  of  May, 
and  executed  at  Tyburn  on  the  27th  of  June  1777. 

The  trial  and  its  result  excited  the  most  intense  interest, 
innumerable  petitions  for  mercy,  or  commutation  of  sentence, 
were  presented  to  the  throne;  among  others,  one  from  the 
city  of  London,  in  its  corporate  capacity,  and  another  from 
the  clergy,  gentry,  and  tradesmen  of  the  metropolis,  compris- 
ing twenty-four  thousand  names;  but  the  king,  under  the 
advice  of  Lord  JIansfield,  was  inflexible,  and  vindicated  the 
then  rigid  and  severe  claims  of  justice  and  the  law;  those 
claims  have,  by  the  more  humane  spirit  of  this  age,  been 
reduced,  but  with  no  certain  rule  or  gradation  of  punishment 
attached,  other  than  a  latitudinarian  discretion  in  the  judges, 
and  crime  in  all  its  divisions  has  consequently  increased. 

No  blame  can  be  justly  attached  to  Lord  Chesterfield  as 
prosecutor,  who,  Ave  have  every  reason  to  believe,  was  very 
desirous  that  Dr.  Dodd  might  escape  or  evade  the  conse- 
quence, and  whether  intentionally  or  not,  it  consists  with  our 
own  knowledge  to  relate  that  an  opportunity  to  that  efl'ect 
was  actually  afforded  him.  The  late  Mr.  Serjeant  Manley, 
then  a  youth  in  the  office  of  his  brother,  Mr.  John  Manley, 
the  Soliciter  to  Lord  Chesterfield,  previous  to  any  proceeding 
whatever,  was  sent  to  Dr.  Dodd's  house  with  the  forged  bond 
to  produce  it  to  the  doctor,  and  obtain  his  opinion  on  the 
signature;  the  youth  was  shown  into  a  back  parlour,  the 
doctor  entertaining  a  large  dinner  party  in  the  dining-room, 
he  came  into  the  back  room  where  there  was  a  fire,  and 
young  Manley  alone,  who  put  the  bond  into  the  doctor's 
hands,  who  returned  it,  observing  that  in  his  opinion  the 
signature  was  genuine.  Had  he  put  it  into  the  fire,  no 
prosecution  could  have  taken  place.  This  incident  we  had 
from  the  Serjeant  himself. 

In  the  sixth  volume  of  ^Ir.  Croker's  edition  of  Boswell's 
Johnson  wiU  be  found  a  full  account  of  the  endeavor  made  by 
the  doctor  to  obtain  mercy  for  the  culprit,  in  whose  name  he 
addressed  a-  letter  to  the  king,  visited  the  unhappy  man,  with 


250  SUPPLEMENTAL     NOTES. 

whom  his  acquaintance  had  been  very  slight,  having  been 
only  once  in  his  company,  and,  in  short,  exerted  every  fair 
effort  on  his  behalf.  To  that  volume  wc  refer  our  readers  for 
some  very  interesting  particulars  relating  to  this  melancholy 
event,  contenting  ourselves  with  giving  the  following  short 
extract  from  one  of  Dr.  Johnson's  letters-  to  Boswell : 

"  Poor  Dodd  was  put  to  death  yesterday,  in  opposition  to 
the  recommendation  of  the  jury,  the  petition  of  the  city  of 
London,  and  a  subsequent  petition  signed  by  twenty-three 
thousand  hands.  Surely  the  voice  of  the  public  when  it 
calls  so  loudly,  and  calls  only  for  mercy,  ought  to  be  heard. 

"  The  saying  that  was  given  me  in  the  papers  I  never  spoke ; 
but  I  wrote  many  of  his  petitions,  and  some  of  his  letters. 
He  applied  to  me  very  often.  lie  was,  I  am  afraid,  long 
flattered  with  hopes  of  life,  but  I  had  no  part  in  the  dreadful 
delusion;  for  as  soon  as  the  king  had  signed  his  sentence,  I 
obtained  from  Sir.  Chamier  an  account  of  the  disposition  of 
the  court  towards  him,  with  the  declaration  that  there  was 
no  hope  even  of  a  respite.  This  letter  immediately  w^as  laid 
before  Dodd;  but  he  believed  those  whom  he  wished  to  be 
right,  as  it  is  thought,  till  within  three  days  of  his  end,  He 
died  with  pious  composure  and  resolution ;  I  have  just  seen 
the  Ordinary  that  attended  him.  His  address  to  his  fellow- 
convicts  offended  the  ]\Iethodists ;  but  he  had  a  Moravian 
with  him  much  of  his  time.  His  moral  character  was  very 
bad :  I  hope  all  is  not  true  that  is  charged  upon  him." 

Dodd  had  been  a  voluminous  writer,  and  possessed  con- 
siderable literary  ability  and  facility  of  composition.  He  was 
the  author,  among  other  works,  of  the  Visitor,  containing 
letters  and  essays  on  the  most  important  and  interesting 
subjects  of  religion  and  morality,  two  volumes;  also  Comfort 
for  the  Afflicted  under  Distress,  with  suitable  devotions.  An 
accurate  list  of  his  writings  is  prefixed  to  his  Thoughts  in 
Prison,  Ed.  1781,  a  work,  all  circumstances  considered,  of  real 
merit. 

We  subjoin,  from  the  Selwyn  correspondence,  a  letter  from 
Mr.  Anthony  Morris  Storer,  giving  to  Mr.  Selwyn,  at  the 
instance  of  Lord  March,  a  detailed  account  of  the  execution, 
of  which  he  had  been  an  eye-witness : 

"  I  should  be  very  inclinable  to  obey  your  commands  which 


SUPPLEMENTAL      NOTES.  251 

Lord  March  delivered  me  respecting  the  fate  of  the  un- 
fortunate divine,  but,  though  an  eye-witness  of  his  execution, 
as  I  never  was  at  one  before,  I  hardly  know  what  to  say 
of  his  behaviour.  Another  was  executed  at  the  same  time, 
who  seemed  hardly  to  engage  one's  attention  sufficiently  to 
make  one  draw  any  comparison  between  him  and  Dodd. 
Upon  the  whole  the  piece  was  not  very  full  of  events.  The 
doctor,  to  all  appearance,  was  rendered  perfectly  stupid  from 
despair.  His  hat  was  flapped  all  round,  and  pulled  over  his 
eyes,  which  were  never  directed  to  any  object  around,  nor 
even  raised,  except  now  and  then  in  the  course  of  his  prayers. 
He  came  in  a  coach,  and  a  very  heavy  shower  of  rain  fell  just 
upon  his  entering  the  cart,  and  another  just  at  his  putting  on 
his  night-cap. 

"  He  was  a  considerable  time  praying,  which  some  people 
seemed  rather  tired  with;  they  rather  wished  for  some  more 
interesting  part  of  the  ti-agedy.  The  wind,  which  was  high, 
blew  off  his  hat,  which  rather  embaiTassed  him,  and  discovered 
to  us  his  countenance,  which  we  could  hardly  see  before.  His 
hat,  however,  was  soon  restored  to  him,  and  he  went  on  with 
his  prayers.  Two  clergymen  attended  him,  one  of  whom 
seemed  very  much  affected.  The  other,  I  suppose,  was  the 
Ordinary  of  Newgate,  as  he  was  perfectly  indifferent  and 
unfeeling.  The  executioner  took  both  the  hat  and  wig  off  at 
the  same  time.  Why  he  put  on  his  wig  again  I  do  not  know, 
but  he  did,  and  the  doctor  took  off  his  wig  a  second  time, 
and  then  tried  a  night-cap  which  did  not  fit  him ;  but  whether 
he  stretched  that,  or  took  another,  I  could  not  perceive.  He 
then  put  on  the  night-cap  himself,  and  upon  his  taking  it, 
he  certainly  had  a  smile  on  his  countenance,  and  very  soon 
afterwards  there  was  an  end  of  all  his  hopes  and  fears  on  this 
side  the  grave.  He  never  moved  from  the  place  he  first  took 
in  the  cart;  seemed  absorbed  in  despair,  and  utterly  dejected, 
Avithout  any  signs  of  animation  but  in  praying.  I  know  the 
same  thing  strikes  people  in  many  ways ;  but  thus  he  seemed 
to  me,  and  I  was  very  near.  A  vast  number  of  people  were 
collected,  as  you  may  imagine.  I  stayed  till  he  was  cut 
down  and  put  into  the  hearse.  I  am  afraid  my  account  can- 
not be  very  satisfactory  to  you,  but  I  really  do  not  conceive 
an  execution  with  so  few  incidents." 


252  SUPPLEMENTAL     NOTES. 

624  }Vith  the  smallpox,  his  body  maim'd  and  marred. 

Having  in  the  note  on  this  line  adverted  to  tlie  claim  of 
Lady  Mary  Wortley  ]\Iontagu  on  the  gratitude  of  her  country, 
■wo  cannot  refrain  from  noticing  another  female  far  more 
illustrious  in  rank,  and  hardly  less  distinguished  by  talent, 
who,  with  a  magnanimity  equal  to  her  high  station,  and  a 
self-devotion  superior  to  it,  spread  the  blessings  of  inoculation 
throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  all  the  Russias. 

Catherine  II.,  having  by  her  medical  board  (the  smallpox 
then  raging  throughout  her  empire)  been  convinced  of  the 
salutary  character  of  the  process  of  inoculation,  and  equally 
convinced  that  nothing  but  her  own  example  would  overcome 
the  prejudice  and  superstition  of  her  subjects,  determined  on 
submitting  to  the  operation,  thus  gratuitously  incurring  a  risk 
which  in  her  position  she  had  abundant  means  for  guarding 
against. 

Application  was  immediately  made  to  Mr.  Sutton,  the 
original  practitioner  in  England,  to  send  over  a  skilful  medical 
man  conversant  with  the  process ;  Dr.  Thomas  Dimsdale,  of 
Hertford,  was  recommended  by  Sutton  for  the  purpose,  and 
he  arrived  with  his  son  in  St.  Petersburg  on  July  28,  1769. 

The  next  day  the  two  Dimsdales  were  presented  to  the 
Empress,  her  first  minister.  Count  Panin  and  Baron  Cherkas- 
kofF,  who  spoke  English  perfectly,  being  the  only  attendants. 
Catherine  shewed  great  perspicacity  in  the  questions  she  put 
concerning  the  practice  and  success  of  inoculation.  Dr. 
Dimsdale  was  invited  to  dine  with  her  the  same  day,  and 
wrote  home  the  following  account  of  his  entertainment: 

"  The  Empress  sat  singly  at  the  upper  end  of  the  table,  at 
which  about  twelve  of  her  nobility  were  guests ;  the  banquet 
consisted  of  a  variety  of  excellent  dishes,  served  up  after  the 
French  manner,  and  was  concluded  by  a  desert  of  the  finest 
fruits  and  sweatmeats,  such  as  I  little  expected  to  find  in 
that  northern  climate ;  most  of  these  luxuries  were,  hdwever, 
the  produce  of  the  Empress's  own  dominions. 

"  But  what  enlivened  the  whole  entertainment  was  the 
most  unaffected  ease  and  affability  of  the  Empress  herself. 
Each  of  her  guests  had  a  share  of  her  attention  and  polite- 
ness;  the  conversation  was  kept  up  with  a  freedom  and 


SUPPLEMENTAL   NOTES.  253 

cheerfulness  to  be  expected  rather  from  persons  of  the  same 
rank,  than  among  subjects  admitted  to  the  honour  of  their 
sovereign's  company." 

On  the  following  day  another  conversation  with  the  Em- 
press ensued,  in  which  Dr.  Dimsdale  requested  the  assistance 
of  the  court  physicians,  to  whom  he  desired  to  communicate 
every  proposed  regulation  and  medicine ;  but  the  Empress 
would  by  no  means  consent  to  any  such  consultation,  and 
gave  her  reasons  as  follows : 

"  You  come  well  recommended  to  me ;  the  conversation  I 
have  had  with  you  has  been  satisfactory ;  and  my  confidence 
in  you  is  increased.  I  have  not  the  least  doubt  of  your 
knowledge  and  abilities  in  this  practice ;  it  is  impossible  that 
my  physicians  can  have  much  skill  in  this  operation ;  they 
■want  experience ;  their  interposition  may  tend  to  embarrass 
you,  without  the  probability  of  any  assistance.  My  life  is 
my  own :  and  I  shall  with  the  utmost  cheerfulness  and  con- 
fidence rely  on  your  care  alone.  With  regard  to  my  consti- 
tution you  could  receive  no  information  from  them.  I  have 
had,  I  thank  God,  so  good  a  share  of  health,  that  their  advice 
has  never  been  required;  and  you  shall  from  myself  receive 
every  information  that  can  be  necessary.  I  have  also  to  ac- 
quaint you  that  it  is  my  detennination  to  be  inoculated  prior 
to  the  gi-and  duke,  and  as  soon  as  you  judge  it  convenient. 
At  the  same  time  I  desire  that  this  may  remain  secret :  and 
that  you  let  it  be  supposed  that,  for  the  present,  all  thoughts 
of  my  own  inoculation  are  laid  aside.  The  preparation  for 
this  great  experiment  on  the  grand  duke  will  countenance 
your  visits  to  the  palace ;  and  I  desire  to  see  you  as  often  as 
it  may  seem  necessary,  that  you  may  become  better  ac- 
quainted with  my  constitution,  and  also  to  adjust  the  time 
and  circumstances  of  my  own  inoculation. 

He  promised  obedience  to  her  majesty's  commands ;  and 
only  proposed  that  some  experiments  might  first  be  made  by 
inoculating  some  of  her  own  sex  and  age,  and  as  near  as 
could  be  of  similar  habit.  The  Empress  replied,  "  that  if  the 
practice  had  been  novel,  or  the  least  doubt  of  the  general 
success  remained,  that  precaution  might  be  necessary;  but 
as  she  was  well  satisfied  in  both  particulars,  there  was  no 
occasion  to  delay  on  any  account.' ' 


254  SUPPLEMENTAL    NOTES. 

The  Empress,  on  being  inoculated  privately,  -went  the  next 
morning  to  Tzarsko-selo.  At  first  no  other  persons  were 
there  but  the  necessary  attendants,  it  being  given  out  that  her 
majesty's  journey  was  only  to  give  directions  about  some 
alterations,  and  that  her  stay  would  be  short.  But  several  of 
the  nobility  soon  followed,  and  the  Empress  observing  among 
them  some  whom  she  suspected  not  to  have  had  the  small- 
pox, said  to  Dr.  Dimsdale:  "  I  must  rely  on  you  to  give  me 
notice  when  it  is  possible  for  me  to  communicate  the  disease : 
for,  though  I  could  wish  to  keep  my  inoculation  a  secret,  yet 
far  be  it  from  me  to  conceal  it  a  moment,  when  it  may  become 
hazardous  to  others."  The  Empress,  during  this  interval, 
took  part  in  every  amusement  with  her  usual  affability,  with- 
out shewing  the  least  token  of  uneasiness  or  concern;  con- 
stantly dined  at  the  same  table  with  the  nobility,  and  en- 
livened the  whole  court  with  those  peculiar  graces  of  conver- 
sation, for  which  she  was  ever  distinguished.  The  grand 
duke  shortly  after  submitted  to  the  operation,  and  on  his 
recoverj^  Catherine  rewarded  the  services  of  Dr.  Dimsdale,  by 
creating  him  a  baron  of  the  Russian  Empire,  with  remainder 
to  his  heirs,  and  appointing  him  actual  counsellor  of  state  and 
physician  to  her  imperial  majestj',  with  a  pension  of  £500 
per  annum,  to  be  paid  him  in  England,  to  be  continued  to  his 
son,  besides  £10,000  which  he  immediately  received,  and  also 
presented  him  with  a  miniature  picture  of  herself,  and  an- 
other of  the  grand  duke.  Her  majesty  was  likewise  pleased 
to  express  her  approbation  of  the  conduct  of  his  son,  by 
ordering  him  to  be  presented  with  a  superb  gold  snuff-box 
richly  set  with  diamonds.— Life  of  Catherine  II.  by  the  Eev. 
W.  Tooke,  Vol.  I.  5th  Edition. 

Yet  this  is  the  great  sovereign,  the  greatest  that  has  been 
known  in  Europe  since  Louis  XIV.  and  her  own  predecessor 
Peter  the  Great,  whom  it  has  been  the  fashion  among  the 
great  vulgar,  and  the  small  in  English  literature,  to  load  with 
every  opprobrious  epithet.  That  she  had  foibles  amounting 
to  vices  we  know,  but  they  attached  to  the  woman  rather 
than  to  the  monarch.  She  was  the  second  founder  of  Peters- 
burg, imparting  to  that  city  the  Corinthian  capital  of  litera- 
ture, science,  and  the  arts,  of  all  of  which  she  was  the  patron 
and  of  some  an  accomplished  mistress;  her  code  of  criminal 


SUPPLEMENTAL    NOTES.  255 

law  was  as  wise  as  her  administration  of  it  was  humane,  very 
few  capital  punishments  having  taken  place  during  her  long 
reign;  she  was  well  acquainted  with  most  of  the  European 
languages,  her  coiTespondence  with  Voltaire  has  been  pub- 
lished, and  she  wrote  two  or  three  comedies  in  French,  which 
were  acted  at  her  private  theatre  of  the  Hermitage  before  her 
select  coterie,  comprising  some  of  the  most  talented  and  ac- 
complished men  in  Europe,  Segur,  Cobenzel,  Fitzherbert, 
Prince  de  Ligne,  and  a  few  others  who  constituted  her  almost 
daily  society,  in  the  elegant  and  piquant  conversation  of 
which  she  mingled  on  a  footing  of  perfect  equality.  At  these 
petit  soupers  no  attendants  were  present,  but  a  dumb  waiter 
on  castors,  assisted  by  a  mechanical  contrivance  for  a  change 
of  dishes  and  of  plates  through  trap  apertures  in  the  table,  to 
which  bells  were  attached,  supplied  the  deficiency  of  waiters. 
We  regret  to  observe  that  the  noble  and  learned  author  of 
Histoiical  Sketches  of  Characters  during  the  time  of  George 
in.  has  marred  that  of  Catherine  II.  of  Russia  by  a  very 
exaggerated  report  of  her  private  vices,  and  a  totally  unfound- 
ed one  of  her  public  character  and  conduct,  most  inappropri- 
ately using  epithets*  imputing  severity  and  cruelty  to  a  dis- 
position and  manners  singularly  mild,  amiable,  and  feminine. 
Fortunately  the  beautifully  engraved  porti-ait  prefixed  to  the 
sketch,  and  for  the  hkeness  of  which  portrait  to  the  original 
we  can  of  our  own  knowledge  vouch,  sufiiciently  negatives 
the  charges  brought  against  her  of  cruelty  and  ferocity,  and 
which,  therefore,  in  the  absence  of  any  one  authority  adduced 
in  their  support,  must  be  taken  rather  as  flights  of  fancy  and 
of  eloquence  than  as  the  sober  dictates  of  historic  truth. 

*  Of  which  quoting  indiscriminately,  we  find  the  following 
specimens : "  unrelenting_/?e?-ceness  of  disposition,  unscrupulous 
proneness  to  fraud,  unrestrained  indulgence  of  the  passions, 
all  the  weakness  and  all  the  wickedness  which  can  debase  the 
worst  of  the  human  race,"  "  constant  practice  of  debauchery, 
and  occasional  commission  of  convenient  murder,"  "  Messa- 
lina,"  "  imperialJezebel,"  "tigress,"  "  cruel,  dauntless,  reck- 
less, heartless,  bold,  masculine,"  "flinty  bosom,"  "childish 
vanity,"  "  atrocious  crimes,"  "  mighty  transgressions,"  &c. 


INDEPENDENCE. 

This  poem  was  published  in  the  last  week  of  September, 
1764,  and  is  the  latest  of  his  productions  that  appeared  in  the 
author's  lifetime.  He  soon  afterwards  went  to  France,  where 
he  was  attacked  by  that  disorder  which  prematurely  swept 
him  to  the  grave. 

The  composition  of  the  poem  is  slovenly,  the  subject  hack- 
nej'ed,  and  the  thoughts  commonplace;  some  scattered  pas- 
sages, however,  display  the  vigour  of  the  author,  and  the 
comparison  between  the  bard  and  the  lord  is  managed  with 
considerable  humour. 

In  extenuation  of  the  faults  we  have  noticed,  it  must  be 
observed,  that  Churchill  did  not  live  to  publish  a  second 
edition  of  this  poem,  in  which  he  might  have  rendered  the 
vein  of  good  sense  which  pervades  it  more  conspicuous,  by 
bestowing  upon  it  some  of  those  manly  gi-aces  of  poetry,  in 
which,  when  he  took  pains,  he  was  so  eminently  successful. 

Adverting  to  the  title,  we  may  observe,  that  at  this  time 
Churchill  had  so  far  acquired  the  independence  which  he 
loved,  as  to  be  altogether  out  of  debt,  and  had  he  lived,  he 
might,  what  with  the  profits  arismg  by  the  sale  of  his  former 
still  popular  poems,  and  a  fair  prospect  from  his  future  eflfa- 
sions,  have  realized  a  sufficient  competence  for  life. 

Mr.  Macaulay,  in  one  of  his  essays,  places  Churchill  in  a 
very  creditable  list  of  authors,  who,  instead  of  paying  homage 
to  booksellers,  could  command  their  respect :  Burke,  Robert- 
son, the  Whartons,  Gray,  Mason,  Gibbon,  Adam  Smith,  Beattie, 
Sir  W.  Jones,  Goldsmith,  and  Churchill,  were,  as  he  observes, 
"  the  most  distinguished  writers  of  what  may  be  called  the 
second  generation  of  the  Johnsonian  age.  Of  these  men 
Churchill  was  the  only  one  in  whom  we  can  trace  the  stronger 
lineaments  of  that  character  which,  when  Johnson  first  came 
up  to  London,  was  common  among  authors.  Of  the  rest 
scarcely  any  had  felt  the  pressure  of  severe  poverty :  almost 
all  had  been  early  admitted  into  the  most  respectable  society 
on  an  equal  footing.  They  were  men  of  quite  a  difi"erent 
species  from  the  dependents  of  Curll  and  Osborne." 


INDEPENDENCE. 

Happt  the  bard  (though  few  such  bards  we  find) 
Who,  'bove  controlment,  dares  to  speak  his  mind; 
Dares,  unabash'd,  in  every  place  appear. 
And  nothing  fears,  but  what  he  ought  to  fear : 
Him  fashion  cannot  tempt,  him  abject  need  s 

Cannot  compel,  him  pride  cannot  mislead 
To  be  the  slave  of  greatness,  to  strike  sail 
When,  sweeping  onward  with  her  peacock's  tail, 
Quality  in  full  jjlumage  passes  by ; 
He  views  her  with  a  fix'd,  contemptuous  eye,     lo 
And  mocks  the  puppet,  keeps  his  own  due  state, 
And  is  above  conversing  with  the  great. 

Perish  those  slaves,  those  minions  of  the  quill, 
Who  have  conspired  to  seize  that  sacred  hill 

12  A  poet,  blest  beyond  the  poet's  fate, 

Whom  heaven  kept  sacred  from  the  proud  and  great. 

Whatever  admiration  Pope  may  express  for  the  exemption 
enjoyed  by  Elijah  Fenton,  he  took  no  pains  to  secure  it  for 
himself;  he  and  his  friend  Swift  passed  their  whole  lives  in 
an  anxious  uncertain  intimacy  with  the  aristocracy  of  the 
day,  and  the  Dean's  maxim,  "  When  a  great  man  makes  me 
keep  my  distance,  my  comfort  is  that  he  keeps  his  at  the  same 
time,"  while  it  assumes  a  tone  of  philosophical  indifference, 
was  the  bitter  fruit  of  wounded  pride  and  disappointed  ambi- 
tion. 

TOL.    III.  17 


258  INDEPENDENCE. 

Where  the  nine  sisters  pour  a  genuine  strain,     is 
And  sunk  the  mountain  level  with  the  plain  ; 
Who,  with  mean,  private  views,  and  servile  art, 
No  spark  of  virtue  living  in  tlieir  heart, 
Have  basely  turu'd  apostates  ;  have  debased 
Their  dignity  of  oiRce  :  have  disgraced,  20 

Like  Eli's  sons,  the  altars  where  they  stand  ; 
And  caused  their  name  to  stink  through  all  the 

land ; 
Have  stoop'd  to  prostitute  their  venal  pen 
For  the  support  of  great,  but  guilty  men ; 
Have  made  the  bard,  of  their  own  vile  accord,    23 
Inferior  to  that  thing  we  call  a  lord. 

What  is  a  lord  ?  Doth  that  plain  simple  word 
Contain  some  magic  spell  ?  As  soon  as  heard, 
Like  an  alarum  bell  on  Night's  dull  ear, 
Doth  it  strike  louder,  and  more  strong  appear    so 
Than  other  words  ?  Whether  we  will  or  no. 
Through  reason's  court  doth  it  unquestion'd  go 
E'en  on  the  mention,  and  of  course  transmit 
Notions  of  something  excellent,  of  wit        [chaste. 
Pleasing,  though  keen,  of  humour  free,  though 
Of  sterling  genius,  with  sound  judgment  graced. 
Of  virtue  far  above  temptation's  reach. 
And  honour,  which  not  malice  can  impeach  ? 
Believe  it  not — 'twas  nature's  first  intent, 
Before  their  rank  became  their  punishment,        40 
They  should  have  pass'd  for  men,  nor  blush'd  to 

prize 
The  blessings  she  bestow'd — she  gave  them  eyes. 


INDEPENDENCE.  259 

And  they  could  see — she  gave  them  ears — they 

heard — 
The  instruments  of  stirring,  and  they  stirr'd — 
Like  us  they  were  design'd  to  eat,  to  drink,        a 
To  talk,  and  (every  now  and  then)  to  think ; 
Till  they,  by  pride  corrupted,  for  the  sake 
Of  singularity,  disclaim'd  that  make  ; 
Till  they,  disdaining  nature's  vulgar  mode, 
Flew  off,  and  struck  into  another  road,  so 

More  fitting  Quality,  and  to  our  view 
Came  forth  a  species  altogether  new, 
Something  we  had  not  known,  and,  could  not 

know. 
Like  nothing  of  God's  making  here  below  ; 
Nature  exclaim'd  with  wonder — Lords  are  things 
Which,  never  made  by  me,  were  made  by  kings. 

A  lord,  (nor  let  the  honest  and  the  brave, 
The  true  old  noble,  with  the  fool  and  knave 
Here  mix  his  fame  ;  cursed  be  that  thought  of 

mine. 
Which  with  a  Bute  and  Fox  should  Grafton  join) 

60  The  late  Duke  of  Grafton  was  then  just  at  the  outset  of 
his  political  career,  which  was  commenced  under  the  banners 
of  the  Earl  of  Chatham.  On  the  dismissal  of  the  Duke  of 
Bedford's  ministry  in  1765,  the  Duke  of  Grafton  took  the 
office  of  secretary  of  state,  with  an  engagement  to  support  the 
Marquis  of  Rockingham's  administration.  He  resigned  how- 
ever in  a  short  time,  under  the  pretence  that  he  could  not 
act  without  Lord  Chatham,  nor  bear  to  see  his  friend  Mr. 
Wilkes  abandoned;  but  that  under  Lord  Chatham  he  would 
act  in  any  capacity,  not  only  as  general  officer,  but  as  a 
pioneer,  and  would  take  up  the  spade  and  the  mattock.    This 


260  INDEPENDENCE. 

A  lord,  (nor  here  let  censure  rashly  call 
My  just  contempt  of  some,  abuse  of  all. 
And,  as  of  late,  when  Sodom  was  my  theme, 
Slandor  my  purpose,  and  my  muse  blaspheme, 
Because  she  stops  not,  rapid  in  lier  song,  ss 

To  make  exceptions  as  she  goes  along, 
Though  well  she  hopes  to  find,  another  year, 
A  whole  minority  exceptions  here) 
A  mere,  mere  lord,  with  nothing  but  the  name. 
Wealth  all  his  worth,  and  title  all  his  fiime,         70 
Lives  on  another  man,  himself  a  blank, 
Thankless  he  lives,  or  must  some  grandsire  thank 
For  smuggled  honours,  and  ill-gotten  pelf; 
A  bard  owes  all  to  nature,  and  himself. 


was  the  signal  of  Lord  Rockingham's  dismission.  When  Lord 
Chatham  came  in,  the  duke  got  possession  of  the  treasury, 
soon  after  which  Lord  Chatham  complained  of  a  gradual  de- 
viation on  the  part  of  the  noble  duke  from  every  thing  that 
had  been  settled  and  solemnly  agreed  to  between  them,  both 
as  to  measures  and  to  men,  till  at  last  there  were  not  left  two 
planks  together  of  the  ship  which  had  been  originally  launched. 
This  being  the  case,  Lord  Chatham  resigned  in  1767,  when 
the  Duke  of  Grafton  became  the  sole  efficient  minister  and 
grand  promoter  of  the  measures  against  Wilkes,  until  1770, 
when  he  took  the  privy  seal,  and  Lord  North  the  treasury. 
His  grace  continued  in  oifice  until  1777,  when  he  resigned  in 
consequence  of  a  difference  in  opinion,  as  to  the  conduct  ex- 
pedient to  be  adopted  by  the  British  government  towards  the 
revolted  Americans. 

The  praise  by  way  of  contrast  applied  to  the  Duke  of  Grafton 
merely  on  the  scoi'e  of  the  pious  friendship  then  subsisting 
between  his  gi'ace  and  Mr.  Wilkes,  affords  a  singular  instance 
of  the  extent  to  which  a  blind  partiality  may  mislead  a  sound 


INDEPENDENCE.  261 

Gods,  how  my  soul  is  burnt  up  with  disdain, 
When  I  see  men,  whom  Phoebus  in  his  train 
Might  view  with  pride,  lackey  the  heels  of  those 
Whom  genius  ranks  among  her  greatest  foes ! 
And  what's  the  cause  ?  why,  these  same  sons  of 

scorn. 
No  thanks  to  them,  were  to  a  title  born,  so 

And  could  not  help  it ;  by  chance  hither  sent, 
And  only  deities  by  accident. 
Had  foi"tune  on  our  getting  chanced  to  shine, 
Their  birthright  honours  had  been  yours  or  mine. 
'Twas  a  mere  random  stroke,  and  should  the  throne 
Eye  thee  with  favour,  proud  and  lordly  grown, 
Thou,  though  a  bard,  might'st  be  their  fellow  yet: 
But  Felix  never  can  be  made  a  wit. 

understanding,  as  at  tliis  day  the  contrast,  so  far  as  it  relates 
to  Lord  Bute,  (the  morality  of  whose  private  character  stands 
uuimpeached,)  would  be  completely  reversed.  Junius  has 
exhibited  a  moral  and  pohtical  character  of  this  "  brave  true 
old  noble,"  in  his  peculiar  strain  of  eloquent  invective,  which, 
unfortunately  for  the  duke's  reputation,  will  probably  survive 
the  remembrance  of  his  grace's  virtues. 

6i  Churchill's  preceding  poem,  the  Times,  had  been  se- 
verely censured  for  the  general  satire  and  the  unjust  impu- 
tation it  conveyed,  of  the  prevalence  in  this  country  of  a 
crime,  the  very  allusions  to  which  were  condemned  as  offen- 
sive to  delicacy.  It  was  insisted  that  a  more  salutary  horror 
is  instilled  by  the  awful  and  appropriate  punishment  prac- 
tised in  Holland,  of  sewing  the  offenders  in  a  bag,  and  throw- 
ing them  into  the  sea  in  the  still  silence  of  the  night,  than  by 
the  coarse  epithets  and  unbridled  indignation  of  the  satirist, 
which  could  have  no  possible  effect  in  reclaiming  the  de- 
praved objects  of  it,  and  which  might  suggest  to  others,  ideas 
that  perhaps  might  never  otherwise  have  occurred  to  them. 


262  INDErENDENCE. 

No,  in  good  faith — that's  one  of  those  few  things 
Which  fate  hath  placed  beyond  the  reach  of  kings  : 
Bards  may  be  lords,  but  'tis  not  in  the  cards,      si 
Play  how  we  will,  to  turn  lords  into  bards. 

A  bard — a  lord — why,  let  them,  hand  in  hand, 
Go  forth  as  friends,  and  travel  through  the  land, 
Observe  which  word  the  people  can  digest  95 

Most  readily,  which  goes  to  market  best, 
Which  gets  most  credit,  whether  men  will  trust 
A  bard,  because  they  think  he  may  be  just. 
Or  on  a  lord  will  choose  to  risk  their  gains, 
Though  privilege  in  that  point  still  remains.       100 

A  bard — a  lord — Let  Reason  take  her  scales, 
And  fairly  weigh  those  words,  see  which  prevails, 
Which  in  the  balance  lightly  kicks  the  beam, 
And  which,  by  sinking,  we  the  victor  deem.       loi 

'Tis  done,  and  Hermes,  by  command  of  Jove, 
Summons  a  synod  in  the  sacred  grove, 
Gods  throng  with  gods  to  take  their  chairs  on 

high, 
And  sit  in  state,  the  senate  of  the  sky, 


92  One,  however,  has  been  since  so  turned,  and  Byron's 
peerage  is  subordinate  in  rank  and  lustre  to  his  patent  of  pre- 
cedence on  the  Parnassian  hill.  He  stands  front  rank  in 
the  first  class  of  English  poets,  claiming  no  adventitious  aid 
from  birth  or  fortune.  The  claim  of  the  whole  lot  of  other 
noble  poets,  from  Lord  Surrey  downwards,  the  Buckinghams, 
the  Roscommons,  the  Halifaxes,  the  Granvilles,  the  Lytteltons 
of  the  last  age,  and  the  still  minor  class  of  Thurlows,  Her- 
berts, and  others  of  the  present  generation,  have  been  tole- 
rated as  poets,  only  because  they  were  peers. 


IXDEPENDENCE. 


263 


Whilst,  in  a  kind  of  parliament  below, 
Men  stare  at  those  above,  and  want  to  know      no 
What  they're  transacting :  Reason  takes  her  stand 
Just  in  the  midst,  a  balance  in  her  hand. 
Which  o'er  and  o'er  she  tries,  and  finds  it  true  : 
From  either  side,  conducted  full  in  view,  h4 

A  man  comes  forth,  of  figure  strange  and  queer ; 
We  now  and  then  see  something  like  them  here. 

The  first  was  meagre,  flimsy,  void  of  strength, 
But  nature  kindly  had  made  up  in  length 
What  she  in  breadth  denied  :  erect  and  proud, 
A  head  and  shoulders  taller  than  the  crowd,      120 
He  deem'd  them  pigmies  all :   loose  hung  his  skin 
O'er  his  bare  bones :  his  face  so  very  thin. 
So  very  narrow,  and  so  much  beat  out, 
That  physiognomists  have  made  a  doubt, 
Proportion  lost,  expression  quite  forgot,  125 

Whether  it  could  be  call'd  a  face  or  not : 
At  end  of  it,  howe'er,  unbless'd  with  beard. 
Some  twenty  fathom  length  of  chin  appear'd : 
With  legs,  which  we  might  well  conceive  that  fate 
Meant  only  to  support  a  spider's  weight,  i3o 

Firmly  he  strove  to  tread,  and  with  a  stride, 
Which  shew'd  at  once  his  weakness  and  his  pride, 
Shaking  himself  to  pieces,  seem'd  to  cry. 
Observe,  good  people,  how  I  shake  the  sky. 

In  his  right  hand  a  paper  did  he  hold,  135 

On  which,  at  large,  in  characters  of  gold, 
Distinct,  and  plain  for  those  who  run  to  see, 
Saint  Archibald  had  wrote  l,o,r,d. 


2G4  INDEPENDENCE. 

This,  with  an  air  of  scorn,  he  from  afar 
Twirl'd  into  Reason's  scales,  and  on  that  bar,     i4o 
Which  from  liis  soul  he  hated,  yet  admired. 
Quick  turn'd  his  back,  and,  as  he  came,  retired. 
The  judge  to  all  around  his  name  declared  : 
Each  goddess  titter'd,  each  god  laugh'd,  Jove 

stared, 
And  the  whole  people  cried,  with  one  accord, 
Good  Heaven  bless  us  all,  is  that  a  lord  ? 


138  This  allusion  to  Archibald  Bovvei",  particularly  fixes 
the  portrait  of  the  lord  upon  the  amiable  historian  of  Henry 
the  Second.  The  description  of  his  person,  though  highly 
caricatured,  conveys  some  points  of  resemblance ;  his  slen- 
der uncompacted  frame  and  meagre  face,  had  also  been 
ludicrously  described  in  a  political  print  levelled  against  Sir 
Robert  Walpole : 

"But  who  be  dat  so  lank,  so  lean,  so  bony? 
0  dat  be  de  great  orator,  Lytteltony." 

Nothing  could  be  more  injudicious  in  other  respects,  than  the 
selection  of  Lord  Lyttelton  as  a  depreciating  representative  of 
the  peerage,  his  character  as  a  statesman  was  marked  with 
the  strictest  integrity  and  patriotism ;  and  his  productions  as 
a  poet,  historian,  and  miscellaneous  writer,  though  not  in  the 
first  style  of  composition,  are  still  read  with  pleasure  and  im- 
provement. What  a  high  opinion  must  we  entertain  of  the 
House  of  Lords  of  the  year  1764,  if  we  are  to  consider  Lord 
Lyttelton  as  one  of  its  least  praiseworthy  members.  Lord 
Lyttelton  incurred  some  ridicule  by  the  patronage  he  extended 
to  one  Bower,  the  author  of  a  History  of  the  Popes,  from  St. 
Peter  to  Lambertini,  who  then  enjoyed  the  pontificate ;  Bower 
with  it,  in  1755,  published  his  reasons  for  forsaking  the 
Roman  Catholic,  and  embracing  the  Protestant  religion. 
The  account  of  the  persecutions  he  endured  from  the  Inqui- 
sition, after  his  conversion,  abounded  so  much  in  the  mar- 


INDEPENDENCE.  265 

Such  was  the  first — the  second  was  a  man 
Whom  nature  built  on  quite  a  diff 'rent  plan ; 
A  bear,  whom,  from  the  moment  he  was  bom. 
His  dam  despised,  and  left  unlick'd  in  scorn  :     i5o 
A  Babel,  which,  the  power  of  art  outdone, 
She  could  not  finish  when  she  had  begun: 
An  utter  Chaos,  out  of  which  no  might 
But  that  of  God,  could  strike  one  spark  of  light. 

vellous,  as  to  render  its  authenticity  exceedingly  suspicious. 
At  length  Dr.  Douglas  wrote  a  critical  examination  of  that 
work,  and  thoroughly  detected  the  imposture.  Lord  Lyttel- 
ton,  notwithstanding  this  palpable  detection,  still  persisted  in 
supporting  him  with  his  countenance  and  protection.  His 
lordship  addressed  to  Bower  a  short  account  of  a  journey 
into  Wales,  written  with  a  more  than  usual  portion  of  that 
affectation  which  is  discoverable  in  all  his  publications. 

Bower  died  in  1766,  at  the  age  of  80,  and  his  widow  pub- 
licly announced  his  having  in  his  dying  moments  acknow- 
ledged his  sincere  conviction  of  the  efficacy  of  the  protestant 
communion. 

147—190  In  these  lines  the  author  gives  a  ludicrous  descrip- 
tion of  his  own  person,  and  likewise  of  his  mode  of  dressing, 
after  he  had  laid  aside  the  clerical  profession.  The  following 
portrait  of  him  is  exhibited  by  a  less  friendly  pencil : 

"Next  him  uprose  and  of  as  bad  intent, 
On  wings,  ah  pity,  by  the  muses  lent; 
A  blackbird,  erst  ia  sober  livery  drest. 
Now  party-colour' d  plumage  stains  his  breast. 
Passion  had  changed  his  old  appearance  meek. 
Had  arm'd  his  talons  and  hook'd  down  his  beak ; 
His  pinion  strong,  if  dirt  depress'd  it  not, 
And  sweet  his  throat,  would  it  cry  aught  but  Scot. 
Neglected  soon  we  let  the  parrot  roar. 
Whose  dictionary  knows  but  rogue  and  whore." 

Patriotism,  a  mock  Heroic  Poem. 


2G0 


INDEPENDENCE. 


Broad  were  his  shoulders,  and  from  blade  to 
blade,  , 

A  II might  at  full  length  have  laid :  iss 

Vast  were  his  bones,  his  muscles  twisted  stronjr ; 
His  face  was  short,  but  broader  than  'twas  long  ; 
His  features,  though  by  nature  they  were  large, 
Contentment  had  contrived  to  overcharge, 
And  bury  meaning,  save  that  we  might  spy 
Sense  lowering  on  the  i^enthouse  of  his  eye ; 
His  ai-ms  were  two  twin  oaks ;  his  legs  so  stout 
That  they  might  bear  a  Mansion-house  about ; 
Nor  were  they,  look  but  at  his  body  there,         m 
Design'd  by  fate  a  much  less  weight  to  bear. 

O'er  a  brown  cassock,  which  had  once  been 
black, 
Which  hung  in  tatters  on  his  brawny  back, 
A  sight  most  strange,  and  awkward  to  behold, 
He  threw  a  covering  of  blue  and  gold,  *     i7o 

Just  at  that  time  of  life,  when  man  by  rule, 
The  fop  laid  down,  takes  up  the  graver  fool, 

178  How  little  did  Cliurchill  imagine,  while  he  affected  to 
consider  his  antagonist  as  already  dead,  that  the  power  of 
pleasing  was  so  soon  to  cease  in  both?  Hogarth  died  within 
four  weeks  after  the  publication  of  Independence,  and 
ChurchDl  survived  him  but  nine  days : 

-Scarce  had  the  friendly  tear 


For  Hogarth  shed,  escaped  the  generous  eye 

Of  feehng  pity,  when  again  it  flow'd 

For  Churchill's  fate.     Ill  can  we  bear  the  loss 

Of  fancy's  twin-born  offspring,  close  allied 

In  energy  of  thought,  though  different  paths 

They  sought  for  fame !    Though  jarring  passions  sway'd 


INDEPENDENCE.  267 

He  started  up  a  fop,  and,  fond  of  show, 
Look'd  like  another  Hercules,  turn'd  beau, 
A  subject  met  with  only  now  and  then,  ns 

Much  fitter  for  the  pencil  than  the  pen; 
Hogarth  would  draw  him  (Envy  must  allow) 
E'en  to  the  life,  was  Hogarth  living  now. 

With  such  accoutrements,  with  such  a  form. 
Much  like  a  porpoise  just  befoi'e  a  storm,  iso 

Onward  he  roll'd :  a  laugh  prevail'd  around  ; 
E'en  Jove  was  seen  to  simper  ;  at  the  sound 
(Nor  was  the  cause  unknown,  for  from  his  youth 
Himself  he  studied  by  the  glass  of  truth)  i84 

He  join'd  their  mirth  ;  nor  shall  the  gods  condemn 
If,  whilst  they  laugh  at  him,  he  laugh'd  at  them. 
Judge  Reason  view'd  him  with  an  eye  of  grace, 
Look'd  through  his  soul,  and  quite  forgot  his  face. 
And,  from  his  hand  received,  with  fair  regard 
Placed  in  her  other  scale,  the  name  of  Bard.      i^o 

The  li\ing  artists,  let  the  funeral  wreath 
Unite  their  memory." 

Nichol's  Life  ofHogaiik. 

The  following  epitaph  on  Hogarth  by  Garrick  was  sent  by 
the  latter  to  Dr.  Johnson  for  coiTection,  who  in  return  sug- 
gested the  lines  given  in  vol.  i.  p.  216. 

Farewell,  great  painter  of  mankind, 
Who  reach' d  the  noblest  point  of  art, 

Whose  pictured  morals  charm  the  mind, 
And  through  the  eye  correct  the  heart. 

If  genius  fire  thee,  reader,  stay. 

If  nature  move  thee,  drop  a  tear, 
If  neither  touch  thee,  turn  away, 

For  Hogarth's  honour'd  dust  lies  here. 


268  INDEPKNDENCE. 

Then,  (for  she  did  as  judges  ought  to  do, 
She  nothnig  of  the  case  beforeliand  knew, 
Nor  wish'd  to  know  ;  she  never  stretch'd  the  laws, 
Nor,  basely  to  anticipate  a  cause, 
Corapell'd  solicitors,  no  longer  free,  195 

To  show  those  briefs  she  had  no  right  to  see) 
Then  she  with  equal  hand  her  scales  held  out, 
Nor  did  the  cause  one  moment  hang  in  doubt ; 
She  held  her  scales  out  fair  to  public  view, 
The  Lord,  as  sparks  fly  upwards,  upwards  flew, 

192  When  the  prosecution  against  Wilkes  for  the  North 
Briton  stood  for  trial,  and  a  very  short  time  before  it  was  to 
come  on,fjyir.  Barlow,  of  the  crown  office,  received  directions 
from  Mr.  Wallace  or  Mr.  Webb,  to  apply  to  a  judge  to  get 
the  information  against  Mr.  Wilkes,  and  also  the  record 
amended,  by  striking  out  the  word  "  purport,"  and  inserting 
the  word  "tenor"  in  its  stead.  Upon  which  Mr.  Barlow 
applied  to  Lord  Mansfield,  and  obtained  a  summons  to  shew 
cause  why  it  should  not  be  so  amended;  and  Mr.  Phihps, 
Mr.  Wilkes's  solicitor,  attended  Lord  ]\Iausfield  at  his  house 
in  Bloomsbury  Square,  on  the  20th  of  February,  1764,  (which 
was  the  day  before  Mr.  Wilkes's  trial)  in  consequence  of 
that  summons.  Lord  Mansfield  asked  Philips  what  objection 
he  had  to  such  an  amendment  V  he  answered,  that  he  could 
not  consent :  upon  which  Lord  Mansfield  said,  he  did  not  ask 
his  consent,  but  wanted  to  know  what  were  his  objections: 
and  asked,  if  it  were  not  usual  to  amend  infoiTnations,  or  to 
that  effect.  Then  having  read  some  precedents  out  of  a  book 
which  his  lordship  had  in  his  hand,  he  made  a  wintten  order 
to  amend  the  information  and  record  in  the  manner  apphed 
for.  Possibly  if  this  en-or  had  not  been  discovered  and  cor- 
rected, Mr.  Wilkes's  counsel,  in  case  of  his  having  been  found 
guilty,  would,  and  did  probably  intend  to  have  moved  in 
arrest  of  judgment.  The  following  is  Wilkes's  own  account 
of  the  transaction  as  contained  in  a  letter  to  his  friend  Cotes. 


INDEPENDENCE.  269 

More  light  than  air,  deceitful  in  the  weight ; 
The  Bard,  pi-eponderating,  kept  his  state ; 
Reason  approved,  and  with  a  voice,  whose  sound 
Shook  earth,  shook  heaven,  on  the  clearest  ground 
Pronouncing  for  the  Bards  a  full  decree,       [me ; 
Cried — "  Those  must  honour  them,  who  honour 
They  from  this  present  day,  where'er  I  reign, 
In  their  own  right,  precedence  shall  obtain ; 
Merit  rules  here  ;  be  it  enough  that  birth 
Intoxicates,  and  sways  the  fools  of  earth."  210 


"  The  alteration  of  the  Kecords  was  an  alanning  circumstance. 
A  summons  is  served,  returnable  before  Lord  Mansfield,  the 
very  day  before  the  trials:  I  consult  counsel,  who  advise  me 
to  attend,  I  oppose  the  amendment  with  all  my  might,  my 
remonstrances  are  despised,  the  amendment  is  made,  counsel 
stare,  yet  think  it  advisable  to  attend  the  trials.  The  crown 
office  people  produce  a  magazine  of  precedents  in  support  of 
the  practice." 

The  controversy  as  to  the  words  2^^^p(^^  find  tenoj'  gave 
rise  to  the  following  epigram : 

To  contradict  Wilkes,  now  Mansfield  replies, 
'Twixt  Tenor  and  Purport  no  difference  lies, 
They  both  in  one  meaning  appear  to  entwine. 
Like  tendrils  that  twist  round  the  stem  of  a  vine, 
Though  the  one  suits  your  purpose,  the  other  suits  mine. 

To  Mansfield  cries  Wilkes,  I  pray  you,  my  Lord, 
Give  its  own  honest  meaning  to  each  proper  word; 
Suppose  you  should  make  a  proposal  to  Bute, 
To  bring  in  his  Charles  (though  we  hope  he  can't  do't) 
The  Purport  means  only  his  kinsman  to  bring 
Through  Scotland  to  England,  and  here  make  him  king, 
But  the  Tenor  implies,  and  with  very  good  reason, 
The  unmaking  another,  and  that's,  you  know,  treason. 


270  INDEPENDENCE. 

Nor  think  that  here,  in  hatred  to  a  lord 
I've  forg'd  a  tale,  or  altered  a  record; 
Search  when  you  will,  (I  am  not  now  in  sport) 
You'll  find  it  register'd  in  Reason's  court. 

Nor  think  that  envy  here  hath  strung  my  lyre, 
That  I  depreciate  what  I  most  admire,  -r? 

xVnd  look  on  titles  with  an  eye  of  scorn. 
Because  I  was  not  to  a  title  born. 
By  Him  that  made  me,  I  am  much  more  proud. 
More  inly  satisfied,  to  have  a  crowd  220 

Point  at  me  as  I  pass,  and  cry — "  that's  he — 
A  poor  but  honest  bard,  who  dares  be  free 
Amidst  corruption,"  than  to  have  a  train 
Of  flickering  levee  slaves,  to  make  me  vain 
Of  things  I  ought  to  blush  for  ;  to  run,  fly,         22s 
And  live  but  in  the  motion  of  my  eye ; 
When  I  am  less  than  man,  my  faults  t'adore, 
And  make  me  think  that  I  am  something  more. 

Recall  past  times,  bring  back  the  days  of  old, 
When  the  great  noble  bore  his  honours  bold,      230 

221  This  thirst  after  distinction  was  not  unknown  to  the 
Roman  satirists.  Horace  thus  expresses  his  gratitude  to  his 
Muse,  for  the  celebrity  she  conferred  upon  him: 

Totum  muncris  hoc  tui  est 
Quod  monstror  digito  preterseuntium, 

Eomana3  fidicen  Lyrse 
Quod  spiro,  et  placeo  (si  placeo,)  tuum  est. 

And  the  stern  moralist,  Persius,  required  some  tribute  beyond 
the  mere  consciousness  of  superior  genius. 

Scire  tuum,  nihil  est,  nisi  te  scu-e  hoc  sciat  alter; 
At  pulchrumest,  digito  monstrari  ei  dicier  hie  est. 


INDEPENDENCE,  271 

And  in  the  face  of  peril,  Avhen  he  darea 
Thinss  which  his  lej^al  bastard,  if  declared, 
Mio-ht  well  discredit ;  faithful  to  his  trust, 
In  the  extremest  points  of  justice,  just, 
Well  knowing  all,  and  loved  by  all  he  knew,     235 
True  to  his  king,  and  to  his  country  true ; 
Honest  at  court,  above  the  baits  of  gain, 
Plain  in  his  dress,  and  in  his  manners  plain  ; 
Moderate  in  wealth,  generous,  but  not  profuse, 
AVell  worthy  riches,  for  he  knew  their  use ;        2« 
Possessing  much,  and  yet  deserving  more. 
Deserving  those  high  honours  which  he  wore 
With  ease  to  all,  and  in  return  gain'd  fame 
Which  all  men  paid,  because  he  did  not  claim. 
When  the  grim  war  was  placed  in  dread  array,  245 
Fierce  as  the  lion  roaring  for  his  prey. 
Or  lioness  of  royal  whelps  foredone, 
In  peace,  as  mild  as  the  departing  sun, 
A  general  blessing  wheresoe'er  he  turned. 
Patron  of  learning,  nor  himself  unlearn'd  ;  250 

Ever  awake  at  Pity's  tender  call, 
A  father  of  the  poor,  a  friend  to  all ; 
Recall  such  times,  and  from  the  grave  bring  back 
A  worth  like  this,  my  heart  shall  bend,  or  crack, 
My  stubborn  pride  give  way,  my  tongue  proclaim, 
And  every  Muse  conspire  to  swell  his  fame,      250 
Till  Envy  shall  to  him  that  praise  allow 
Which  she  cannot  deny  to  Temple  now. 

This  justice  claims,  nor  shall  the  bard  forget. 
Delighted  with  the  task,  to  pay  that  debt,  260 

To  pay  it  like  a  man,  and  in  his  lays, 


272 


INDEPENDENCE. 


Sounding  such  worth,  prove  his  own  right  to 
praise. 

But  let  not  pride  and  prejudice  misdeem, 

And  think  that  empty  titles  are  my  theme ; 

Titles,  with  me,  are  vain,  and  nothing  worth  ;    ss 

I  reverence  virtue,  but  I  laugh  at  birth. 

Give  me  a  lord  that's  honest,  frank,  and  brave, 

I  am  his  friend,  but  cannot  be  his  slave  ; 

Though   none,  indeed,  but  blockheads  would 
pretend 

To  make  a  slave,  where  they  may  make  a  friend. 

I  love  his  virtues,  and  will  make  them  known, 

Confess  his  rank,  but  can't  forget  my  own. 

Give  me  a  lord,  who,  to  a  title  born. 

Boasts  nothing  else,  I'll  pay  him  scorn  with  scorn. 
What,  shall  my  pride  (and  pride  is  virtue  here) 
Tamely  make  Avay,  if  such  a  wretch  appear  ? 
Shall  I  uncover'd  stand,  and  bend  my  knee 
To  such  a  shadow  of  nobility, 
A  shred,  a  remnant  ?  he  might  rot  unknown 
For  any  real  merit  of  his  own,  sso 

And  never  had  come  forth  to  public  note 
Had  he  not  worn,  by  chance,  his  father's  coat. 
To  think  a  Melcombe  worth  my  least  regards 
Is  treason  to  the  majesty  of  bards. 

By  nature  form'd  (when,  for  her  honour's  sake 
She  something  more  than  common  strove  to  make, 
When,  overlooking  each  minute  defect,  as? 

And  all  too  eager  to  be  quite  correct. 
In  her  full  heat  and  vigour  she  imprest 
Her  stamp  most  strongly  on  the  favour'd  breast) 


INDEPENDENCE.  273 

The  bard,  (nor  think  too  lightly  that  I  mean 
Those  little,  piddling  witlings,  who  o'erween 
Of  their  small  parts,  the  Murphys  of  the  stage, 
The  Masons  and  the  Whiteheads  of  the  age, 
Who  all  in  raptures  their  own  works  rehearse,    293 
And  drawl  out  measured  prose,  which  they  call 
The  real  bard,  whom  native  genius  fires,   [verse) 
Whom  every  maid  of  Castaly  inspires. 
Let  him  consider  wherefore  he  was  meant, 
Let  him  but  answer  nature's  great  intent,  soo 

And  fairly  weigh  himself  with  other  men, 
Would  ne'er  debase  the  glories  of  his  pen. 
Would  in  full  state,  hke  a  true  monarch,  live. 
Nor  bate  one  inch  of  his  prerogative. 

Methinks  I  see  old  Wingate  frowning  here,    sos 
(Wingate  may  in  the  season  be  a  peer, 
Though  now,  against  his  will,  of  figures  sick, 
He's  forced  to  diet  on  arithmetic. 
E'en  whilst  he  envies  every  Jew  he  meets. 
Who  cries  old  clothes  to  sell  about  the  streets)     sio 
Methinks  (his  mind  with  future  honours  big, 
His  Tyburn  bob  turn'd  to  a  dress'd  bag  wig) 

ses  The  purse-proud  upstarts  of  the  day,  wliose  palaces 
rise  like  exhalations,  and  whose  equipages  gleam  like  meteors, 
are  here  designated  by  the  generic  name  of  Wingate,  an 
eminent  arithmetician,  who  lived  early  in  the  seventeenth 
centurj'.  His  treatise  was  first  published  in  1629,  and  has 
gone  through  as  many  editions  as  that  of  Cocker.  Wingate's 
work  was  revised  and  edited  in  1700,  by  Shelley,  and  again, 
in  1753,  with  great  improvements,  by  Mr.  Dodson,  the  cele- 
brated mathematician. 

VOL.  III.  18 


274  INDEPENDENCE. 

I  hear  him  cry — "  What  doth  this  jargon  mean  ? 

Was  ever  such  a  damn'd  dull  blockhead  seen  ? 

Majesty — Bard — Prerogative  ; — disdain  3is 

Hath  got  into,  and  turn'd  the  fellow's  brain  : 

To  Bethlcm  with  him — give  him  whips  and  straw — 

I'm  very  sensible  he's  mad  in  law. 

A  saucy  groom,  who  trades  in  reason,  thus 

To  set  himself  upon  a  par  with  us  ;  320 

If  this  here's  suffered,  and  if  that  there  fool, 

May  when  he  pleases  send  us  all  to  school. 

Why,  then  our  only  business  is  outright 

To  take  our  caps,  and  bid  the  world  good  night. 

I've  kept  a  bard  myself  this  twenty  years,  325 

But  nothing  of  this  kind  in  him  appears  ; 

He,  like  a  thorough  true-bred  spaniel,  licks 

The  hand  which  cuffs  him,  and  the  foot  which 

kicks ; 
He  fetches  and  he  carries,  blacks  my  shoes, 
Nor  thinks  it  a  discredit  to  his  muse ;  330 

A  creature  of  the  right  chameleon  hue. 
He  wears  my  colours,  yellow  or  true  blue. 
Just  as  I  wear  them  :  'tis  all  one  to  him  [whim. 
Whether  I  change  through  conscience,  or  through 
Now  this  Js  something  like ;  on  such  a  plan  335 
A  bard  may  find  a  fi-iend  in  a  great  man ;  [all 
But  this  proud  coxcomb — Zounds,  I  thought  that 
Of  this  queer  tribe  had  been  like  my  old  Paul." 

Injurious  thought !  accursed  be  the  tongue 
On  which  the  vile  insinuation  hung.  340 

The  heart  where  'twas  engender'd,  curst  be  those, 


INDEPENDENCE.  275 

Those  bards,  who  not  themselves  alone  expose, 

But  me,  but  all,  and  make  the  very  name 

By  which  they're  call'd  a  standing  mark  of  shame. 

Talk  not  of  custom — 'tis  the  coward's  plea,    345 
Current  with  fools,  but  passes  not  with  me ; 
An  old  stale  trick,  which  guilt  hath  often  tried 
By  numbers  to  o'erpower  the  better  side. 
Why  tell  me  then  that  from  the  birth  of  rhyme. 
No  matter  when,  down  to  the  present  time,        350 
As  by  the  original  decree  of  fate. 
Bards  have  protection  sought  amongst  the  great ; 
Conscious  of  weakness,  have  applied  to  them 
As  vines  to  elms,  and  twining  round  their  stem, 
Blourish'd  on  high ;  to  gain  this  wish'd  support 
E'en  Virgil  to  Mecifinas  paid  his  court. 
As  to  the  custom,  'tis  a  point  agreed. 
But  'twas  a  foolish  diffidence,  not  need. 
From  which  it  rose ;  had  bards  but  truly  known 
That  strength,  Avhich  is  most  properly  their  own. 
Without  a  lord,  unpropp'd  they  might  have  stood, 
And  overtopp'd  those  giants  of  the  wood.  362 

But  why,  when  present  times  my  care  engage, 
Must  I  go  back  to  the  Augustan  age  ? 

338  Paul  Whitehead,  the  servile  and  subservient  satellite  of 
Lords  Jlelcombe  and  Le  Despencer,  the  steward  and  registrar 
of  the  orgies  and  atrocities  of  the  Medmenham  Club.  His 
Poems,  with  a  Memoir  of  his  Life,  were  published  in  1777, 
in  one  vol.  4to,  by  Captain  Edward  Thompson,  and  they 
were  afterwards  included,  with  little  claim  to  the  distinction, 
in  the  last  edition  of  Johnson's  Poets.  See  note  in  vol.  ii. 
p.  297. 


27G  INDEI'KNDENCE. 

Why,  anxious  for  the  living,  am  I  led  3<h 

Into  the  mansions  of  the  ancient  dead  ; 
Can  they  find  patrons  no  where  but  at  Rome, 
And  must  I  seek  Meca^nas  in  the  tomb  ? 
Name  but  a  Wingate,  twenty  fools  of  note 
Start  up,  and  from  report  Mecsenas  quote  ?        s'o 
Under  his  colours  lords  are  proud  to  fight. 
Forgetting  that  Mecajnas  was  a  knight : 
They  mention  him,  as  if  to  use  his  name 
Was,  in  some  measure,  to  partake  his  fame. 
Though  Virgil,  was  he  living,  in  the  street,        373 
Might  rot  for  them^  or  perish  in  the  Fleet. 

380  The  impi-udent  conduct  of  this  mnfortiinate  man,  and 
the  steady  attachment  our  author  on  all  occasions  evinced 
towards  him,  have  been  noticed  in  a  former  volume.  Lloyd 
entertained  golden  hopes  of  the  success  of  the  St.  James's 
Magazine,  a  publication  almost  entirely  of  his  owa  composi- 
tion, and  which  he  commenced  on  his  quitting  Westminster 
school ;  it,  however,  proceeded  no  farther  than  two  volumes, 
and  never  having  had  a  sale  adequate  to  his  expectations 
and  consequent  mode  of  living,  poor  Lloyd  was  immured  by 
his  creditors  in  the  Fleet  prison,  where  his  confinement  was 
the  more  irksome,  owing  to  the  circumstance  of  his  bosom 
friend  and  prime  seducer  from  the  paths  of  prudence,  Bonnel 
Thornton,  refusing  to  become  his  security  for  the  liberty  of 
the  rules:  this  giving  rise  to  some  ill-natured  altercation, 
farther  irritated  Thornton,  who  became  an  inveterate  enemy, 
in  the  quality  of  his  most  inexorable  creditor  (1804). 

Dr.  Southey,  in  his  Life  of  Cowper,  has  controverted  the 
statement  contained  in  the  above  passage,  so  far  as  regards 
the  supposition  that  Lloyd  had  been  seduced  into  his  evil 
courses  by  Thornton,  and  states  by  way  of  reason,  that  the 
latter  being  nine  years  his  senior,  they  could  not  have  been 
at  school  or  at  the  University  together,  adding  triumphantly, 


INDEPENDENCE.  277 

See  how  they  redden,  and  the  charge  disclaim — 
Virgil,  and  in  the  Fleet — forbid  it,  Shame  ! 
Hence,  ye  vain  boasters,  to  the  Fleet  repair, 
And  ask,  with  blushes  ask,  if  Lloyd  is  there,      sso 

Patrons  in  days  of  yore  were  men  of  sense, 
Were  men  of  taste,  and  had  a  fair  pretence 
To  rule  in  letters — some  of  them  were  heard 
To  read  off-hand,  and  never  spell  a  word ; 
Some  of  them,  too,  to  such  a  monstrous  height 
Was  learning  risen,  for  themselves  could  write, 
And  kept  their  secretaries,  as  the  great  387 

Do  many  other  foolish  things,  for  state. 

"therefore  that  charge  against  Thornton  is  disposed -of,  and 
that  it  should  have  been  made  with  so  little  reflection  affords 
reason  for  hoping  that  the  remaining  charges  may  have  as 
little  foundation ;"  now  as  we  never  asserted  that  they  had 
been  either  at  college  or  at  school  together,  the  supposed  re- 
futation does  not  apply,  while  the  difference  of  age,  the  one 
twenty,  and  the  other  nearly  thu-ty,  with  the  natural  tendency 
to  friendship  and  intimacy  consequent  upon  their  having  been 
both  at  Westminster  school,  is  exactly  that  at  which  the  in- 
fluence and  example  of  dissipated  habits  and  society  is  most 
dangerous,  and  that  this  was  the  fact,  is  confirmed  by  re- 
peated allusions  to  it  in  the  published  correspondence  of 
Garrick,  and  of  the  elder  Colman.  The  remaining  charges 
have  never  been  disputed. 

On  his  being  committed  to  prison  an  effort  was  made  to 
raise  a  sufficient  sum  for  his  support  by  a  subscription 
among  his  friends,  but  it  was  so  coldly  entertained  that  the 
expedient  was  not  resOjTted  to,  and  he  was  principally  sup- 
ported by  the  bounty  of  Churchill;  he  also  received  some 
trifling  sums  from  the  booksellers,  for  a  translation  of  Mar- 
montel's  Tales,  and  some  other  hasty  and  slovenly  transla- 
tions and  original  pieces,  which  did  not  contribute  to  increase 
his  reputation. 


278  INDEPENDENCE. 

Our  patrons  are  of  quite  a  different  strain, 
With  neither  sense  nor  taste :  against  the  grain 
They  patronize  for  fashion's  sake — no  more — 
And  keep  a  bard,  just  as  they  keep  a  whore. 


The  news  of  Churchill's  death  being  announced  somewhat 
abruptly  to  him  while  sitting  at  dinner,  he  was  seized  with  a 
sudden  sickness,  the  forerunner  of  a  bilious  fever,  and  saying, 
"  I  shall  follow  poor  Charles,"  took  to  his  bed,  from  which  he 
never  rose  again,  and  literally  did  within  a  month  follow  poor 
Charles.  They  had  run  a  short  but  splendid  career  together, 
indissolubly  united  by  a  friendship  which  had  never  experi- 
enced a  momentary  interruption. 

Peace  to  thy  ashes,  Lloyd,  ill-treated  bai-d. 

Thy  song  so  sweet,  a  prison  the  reward ; 

Hard  was  thy  lot,  sweet  bard,  in  this  rude  age 

That  coop'd  thee  up  to  whistle  in  a  cage; 

But  thou  couldst  even  freedom's  self  survive, 

And  blithely  sing  while  Churchill  was  alive ; 

But  when  your  mate  was  snatch' d  yoii  droop'd  and  died; 

Blest  was  the  tiial,  for  your  tiiith  was  tried. 

For  ages  hence  your  chaplet  shall  be  green, 

And,  ages  past,  no  withering  leaf  be  seen; 

Softly  repose  upon  the  Muses'  breast. 

And  Phoebus  'self  shall  lull  you  to  your  rest. 

In  his  sickness  he  was  attended  by  Miss  Patty  Churchill, 
the  sister  of  his  deceased  fiiend,  and  who  possessed  a  con- 
siderable portion  of  the  sense,  spirit,  and  genius  of  her  brother. 
This  young  lady  is  reported  to  have  been  betrothed  to  Lloyd, 
and  that  so  mournful  was  the  effect,  which  the  melancholy 
catastrophe  of  her  lover  and  brother  had  on  her  susceptible 
mind,  that  the  grief  for  their  loss  preyed  upon  her  spirits,  and 
did  not  pennit  her  long  to  survive  them. 

396  Benefit  of  clergy  was  an  exemption  from  capital 
punishment,  which  in  the  early  ages  was  exclusively  claimed 
by  the  Popish  priests ;  and,  as  in  those  unenlightened  times 
they  were  in  fact  almost  t!ie  only  persons  in  the  kingdom  who 


INDEPENDENCE.  279 

Melcombe  (on  such  occasions  I  am  loath 
To  name  the  dead)  was  a  rare  proof  of  both. 
Some  of  them  would  be  puzzled  e'en  to  read,    395 
Nor  could  deserve  their  clergy  by  their  creed ; 
Others  can  write,  but  such  a  Pagan  hand, 
A  Willes  should  always  at  our  elbow  stand : 


possessed  even  so  much  learning  as  to  read,  the  exemption 
was  on  this  account,  and  not,  as  some  writers  have  fancifully 
imagined,  for  the  encouragement  of  learning,  extended  to  all 
persons  who  could  read,  and  were  for  that  reason  denominat- 
ed Clerks.  Until  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne,  the  condition  of 
reading  was  absolutely  necessary  before  the  prisoner  could 
claim  the  exemption  annexed  to  that  ceremony,  and  which 
was  usually  performed  by  reading  any  one  word  in  the  prayer 
book ;  or  if  the  culprit  really  could  not  read,  he  was  prompted 
in  the  pronunciation  of  one  by  the  gaoler.  Since  that  time 
the  benefit  of  clergy  has  by  various  statutes  been  restrained, 
and  is  generally  commuted  for  transportation;  "thus,"  says 
Blackstone,  "  has  the  wisdom  of  the  English  legislature  in  the 
course  of  a  long  and  laborious  process,  extracted  by  a  noble 
alchemy  rich  medicines  out  of  poisonous  ingredients,  and 
gradually  converted  what  was  at  first  an  unreasonable  ex- 
emption of  Popish  Ecclesiastics  into  a  merciful  mitigation  of 
the  general  law  with  regard  to  capital  punishments."  (1804) 
By  successive  enactments,  and  so  far  improvements  of  the 
criminal  law,  this  absurd  subterfuge  has  been  altogether  abo- 
lished. 

398  Dr.  Edward  Willes,  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  and  joint 
decipherer  (with  his  son  Edward  Willes,  afterwards  chief 
justice  of  the  common  pleas)  to  the  king.  Dr.  Willes  was 
first  employed  in  that  capacity  upon  the  proceedings  against 
Atterbury,  Bishop  of  Rochester,  for  a  treasonable  coirespoud- 
ence;  a  corisiderable  pension  was  settled  on  him  for  his  serv- 
ices. He  died  in  1773,  in  the  81st  year  of  his  age.  Churchill 
was  ordained  a  deacon  by  Bishop  Willes  on  the  curacy  of 
Cadbury,  Somerset. 


280 


INDEPENDENCE. 


'Shmy,  if  begg'd,  a  chancellor,  of  right, 
Would  order  into  keeping  at  first  sight.  400 

Those  who  stand  fairest  to  the  public  view 
Take  to  themselves  the  praise  to  others  due, 
They  rob  the  very  'Spital,  and  make  free 
With  those,  alas,  who've  least  to  spare— we  see 

hath  not  had  a  word  to  say,  403 

Since  winds  and  waves  bore  Singlespeech  away. 

Patrons  in  days  of  yore,  like  patrons  now. 
Expected  that  the  bard  should  make  his  bow 
At  coming  in,  and  every  now  and  then 


«o  The  Lord  High  Chancellor,  by  especial  autliority  from 
the  crown,  is  ijitrusted  with  the  custody  of  all  idiots  and  luna- 
tics, and  upon  petition  or  information  will  grant  a  commis- 
sion to  inquire  into  the  party's  state  of  mind,  and  if  he  be 
found  non  compos,  the  care  of  his  person  with  a  suitable  al- 
lowance for  his  maintenance,  is  committed  to  some  friend  or 
relation,  who  is  then  called  the  committee. 

406  The  gentleman  distinguished   by  this   name,  was  the 
Right  Honourable  William  Gerrard  Hamilton,  who  was  so 
called  from  the  circumstance  of  his  having,  as  his  maiden 
speech  in  the  Irish  House  of  Commons,  delivered  a  very 
forcible  and  eloquent  harangue,  which,  despairing  of  ever 
being  able  to  surpass,  he  detennined  never  again  to  gratify 
the  house  with  any  farther  specimens  of  his  oratory.    In 
1761,  he  went  to  Ireland,  in  the  capacity  of  principal  secre- 
tary  of   state  to   the   then   Lord-Lieutenant,   the    Earl  of 
Halifax,  and  in  1763,  we  find  him   ChanceUor  of  the  Ex-  ' 
chequer  for  that  kingdom.    Having  secured  a  pension  of 
£2000  a  year  on  the  Irish  establishment,  he  returned  to  Eng- 
land, and  died  in  1796,  in  the  69th  year  of  his  age.    He  was 
suspected  of  having  been  the  author  of  Junius's  Letters,  a 
suspicion  wliich  he  endeavoured  to  strengthen  by  an  affected 
mystery  whenever  the  subject  was  introduced;  what  store  of 


INDEPENDENCE.  281 

Hint  to  the  world  that  they  were  more  than  men  ; 
But,  like  the  patrons  of  the  present  day,  m 

They  never  bilk'd  the  poet  of  his  pay. 
Virgil  loved  rural  ease,  and,  far  from  harm, 
Mecsenas  fix'd  him  in  a  neat,  snug  farm, 
"Where  he  might,  free  from  trouble,  pass  his  days 
In  his  own"  way,  and  pay  his  rent  in  praise.       4i6 
Horace  loved  wine,  and  through  his  friend  at  court 
Could  buy  it  off  the  quay  in  every  port : 
Horace  loved  mirth,  Mecaenas  loved  it  too ; 
They  met,  they  laugh'd  as  Goy  and  I  may  do.  420 
Nor  in  those  moments  paid  the  least  regard 

literary  merit  he  possessed  to  countenance  such  a  rumour, 
we  are  unacquainted  with,  for,  excepting  his  celebrated  speech, 
the  composition  of  which  was  by  many  attributed  to  Burke, 
we  are  unacquainted  with  any  anecdote  favourable  to  his 
talents,  either  as  an  author  or  a  politician.  He  derived  all 
his  notoriety  from  his  nick-name  of  Singlespeech,  of  w&ich  he 
was  reminded  by  Mr.  Bnice,  the  Egyptian  traveller,  when 
on  an  insinuation  of  Mr.  Hamilton's,  that  it  was  highly  im- 
probable any  man  should  make  such  fine  drawings  as  Mr. 
Bruce  exhibited  for  his  own,  without  ever  having  been  known 
to  excel  in  design,  Mr.  Bruce  said,  "  Pray,  Sir,  did  you  not 
once  make  a  fomous  speech  in  the  House  of  Commons  !" 
"  Yes,  I  did."  "  And  pray,  Sir,  did  you  ever  make  another?  " 
"  No,  I  did  not." 

■^^  M.  Pierre  Goy,  a  French  gentleman  of  brilliant  ac- 
complishments, but  dissipated  morals,  was  introduced  by 
Wilkes  to  Churchill,  who,  in  his  last  letter  to  his  friend,  thus 
expresses  his  gratitude  to  him  for  the  introduction — "  I  am 
now  to  thank  you  for  the  acquaintance  of  Goj',  which  I  deem 
one  of  the  greatest  obligations  you  have  conferred  on  me." 

Dr.  Armstrong  has  likewise  celebrated  the  same  gentle- 
man: 

"  There,  lively,  genial,  friendly  Goy  and  I,"  &c. 


425 


282  INDEPENDEXCE. 

To  wliich  was  minister,  and  which  was  bard. 

Not  so  our  patrons — grave  as  grave  can  be, 
They  know  themselves,  they  keep  up  dignity ; 
Bards  are  a  forward  race,  nor  is  it  fit 
That  men  of  fortune  rank  with  men  of  wit : 
Wit,  if  familiar  made,  will  find  her  strength — 
'Tis  best  to  keep  her  weak,  and  at  arm's  length. 
'Tis  well  enough  for  bards,  if  patrons  give. 
From  hand  to  mouth,  the  scanty  means  to  live.    430 
Such  is  their  language  and  their  practice  such; 
They  promise  little,  and  they  give  not  much. 
Let  the  weak  bard,  with  prostituted  strain, 
Praise  that  proud  Scot  whom  all  good  men  disdain ; 
What's  his  reward?  why  his  own  fame  undone, 
He  may  obtain  a  patent  for  the  run  436 

Of  his  lord's  kitchen,  and  have  ample  time. 
With  oifal  fed,  to  court  the  cook  in  rhyme  ; 
Or  (if  he  strives  true  patriots  to  disgrace) 
May  at  the  second  table  get  a  place,  m 

With  somcAvhat  greater  slaves  ailow'd  to  dine. 
And  ply  at  crambo  o'er  his  gill  of  wine. 

And  are  there  bards,  who,  on  creation's  file. 
Stand  rank'd  as  men,  who  breathe  in  this  fair  isle 

457  Ealph  Griffiths  was  a  bookseller  in  a  very  humble 
line,  when,  having  engaged  the  assistance  of  some  characters 
of  eminence  in  the  literary  world,  he,  in  1749,  published 
the  first  number  of  the  Monthly  Review.  The  novelty  of  the 
design,  and  the  ability  with  which  it  was  executed,  secured 
the  patronage  of  the  public,  which  it  retained  for  a  long 
series  of  years.  The  profit  attached  to  the  publication 
induced  Mr.  Griffiths  to  relinquish  his  shop,  and  dignify  his 
name  as   editor  with  the  honourable  addition  of  LL.D.  by 


INDEPENDENCE.  283 

The  air  of  freedom,  witli  so  little  gall,  443 

So  low  a  spirit,  prostrate  tlius  to  fall 

Before  these  idols,  and  without  a  groan 

Bear  wrongs  might  call  forth  murmurs  from  a  stone  ? 

Better,  and  much  more  noble,  to  abjure 

The  sight  of  men,  and  in  some  cave,  secure       450 

From  all  the  outrages  of  Pride,  to  feast 

On  Nature's  salads,  and  be  free  at  least. 

Better  (though  that,  to  say  the  truth,  is  worse 

Than  almost  any  other  modern  curse) 

Discard  all  sense,  divorce  the  thankless  Muse,  455 

Critics  commence,  and  write  in  the  Reviews  ; 

Write  without  tremor,  Grifiaths  cannot  read  ; 

No  fool  can  fail,  where  Langhorne  can  succeed. 

But  (not  to  make  a  brave  and  honest  pride, 
Try  those  means  first,  she  must  disdain  when  tried) 
There  are  a  thousand  ways,  a  thousand  arts,      «i 
By  which,  and  fairly,  men  of  real  parts 
May  gain  a  living,  gain  what  Nature  craves ; 
Let  those,  who  pine  for  more,  live,  and  be  slaves. 
Our  real  wants  in  a  small  compass  lie,  465 

But  lawless  appetite,  with  eager  eye, 
Kept  in  a  constant  fever,  more  requires, 
And  we  are  burnt  up  with  our  own  desires. 

diploma  obtained  from  a  Scottish  university.  He  is  said  to 
have  cleared  nearly  £2000  a  year  by  the  Review,  though  he 
had  occasionally  some  powerful  competitors  to  contend  with. 
This  literary  veteran  died  in  1803,  in  the  83d  year  of  his  age. 
458  Dr.  Langhorne  succeeded  Smollett  as  editor  of  the 
Critical  Eeview,  which  was  also  ably  conducted,  and  was 
for  many  years  the  only  competitor  of  the  Monthly  Review. 
See  ante,  p.  129. 


284  INDEPENDENCE. 

Hence  our  dependence,  hence  our  slavery  springs  ; 
Bards,  if  contented,  are  as  great  as  kings.  470 

Ourselves  are  to  ourselves  the  cause  of  ill ; 
"We  may  be  independent,  if  we  will. 
The  man  who  suits  his  spirit  to  his  state 
Stands  on  an  equal  footing  with  the  great ; 
Moguls  themselves  are  not  more  rich,  and  he     4" 
Who  rules  the  Enghsh  nation,  not  more  free. 
Chains  were  not  forged  more  durable  and  strong 
For  bards  than  others,  but  they've  worn  them  long. 
And  therefore  wear  them  still ;  they've  quite  forgot 
What  freedom  is,  and  therefore  prize  her  not.    m 
Could  they,  though  in  their  sleep,  could  they  but 

know 
The  blessings  which  from  Independence  flow ; 
Could  they  but  have  a  short  and  transient  gleam 
Of  liberty,  though  'twas  but  in  a  dream. 
They  would  no  more  in  bondage  bend  their  knee, 
But,  once  made  freemen,  would  be  always  free. 
The  Muse,  if  she  one  moment  freedom  gains, 
Can  never  more  submit  to  sing  in  chains. 
Bred  in  a  cage,  far  from  the  feather'd  throng. 
The  bird  repays  his  keeper  with  his  song ;         490 
But,  if  some  playful  child  sets  wide  the  door, 
Abroad  he  flies,  and  thinks  of  home  no  more, 
With  love  of  liberty  begins  to  burn, 
And  rather  starves  than  to  his  cage  return. 

Hail  Independence — by  true  reason  taught,    490 
How  few  have  known,  and  prized  thee  as  they 
ought ! 


INDEPENDENCE.  285 

Some  give  thee  up  for  riot ;  some,  like  boys. 

Resign  thee,  in  their  childish  moods,  for  toys ; 

Ambition  some,  some  avarice,  misleads. 

And  in  both  cases  Independence  bleeds.  isoo 

Abroad,  in  quest  of  thee,  how  many  roam, 

Nor  know  they  had  thee  in  their  reach  at  home ; 

Some,  though  about  their  paths,  their  beds  about. 

Have  never  had  the  sense  to  find  thee  out : 

Others,  who  know  of  what  they  are  possest,       505 

Like  fearful  misers,  lock  thee  in  a  chest, 

Nor  have  the  resolution  to  produce, 

In  these  bad  times,  and  bring  thee  forth  for  use. 

Hail,  Independence — though  thy  name's  scarce 

known. 
Though  thou,  alas  !  art  out  of  fashion  grown,      sio 
Though  all  despise  thee,  I  will  not  despise, 
Nor  live  one  moment  longer  than  I  prize 
Thy  presence,  and  enjoy  :  by  angry  fate 
Bow'd  down,  and  almost  crush'd,  thou  earnest, 

though  late. 
Thou  earnest  upon  me,  like  a  second  birth,         sis 
And  made  me  know  what  life  was  truly  worth. 
Hail,  Independence — never  may  my  cot, 
Till  I  forget  thee,  be  by  thee  forgot : 
Thither,  O  thither,  oftentimes  repair  ;         [there  ! 
Cotes,  whom  thou  lovest  too,  shall  meet  thee 

520  Humphry  Cotes,  a  wine  merchant  in  St.  Martin's  Lane, 
and  a  strenuous  advocate  for  Wilkes  in  all  his  political 
struggles.  He  was  an  honest  well-meaning  tool  of  Wilkes, 
whose  business  he  transacted  to  the  injury  of  his  own:  he 


286  INDEPENDENCE. 

All  thoughts  but  what  arise  from  joy  give  o'er,  521 

Peace  dwells  within,  and   Law  shall  guard  the 

door.  [law  ? 

O'erwecning  Bard !  Law  guard  thy  door,  what 
The  law  of  England. — To  control  and  awe 
Those  saucy  hopes,  to  strike  that  spirit  dumb,    ss 
Behold,  in  state,  Administration  come. 

"Why,  let  her  come,  in  all  her  terrors  too ; 
I  dare  to  suffer  all  she  dares  to  do. 
I  know  lier  malice  well,  and  know  her  pride, 
I  know  her  strength,  but  will  not  change  my  side. 
This  melting  mass  of  flesh  she  may  control         531 
With  iron  ribs,  she  cannot  chain  my  soul. 
No — to  the  last  resolved  her  worst  to  bear 
I'm  still  at  large,  and  independent  there. 

Where  is  this  minister  ?  where  is  the  band    jss 
Of  ready  slaves,  who  at  his  elbow  stand 
To  hear,  and  to  perform  his  wicked  will  ? 


became  bankrupt  in  1767,  and  was  treated  in  liis  difficulties 
with  the  most  mortifj'ing  indifference  and  neglect  by  Mr. 
Wilkes.  They  were  however  reconciled,  and  poor  Cotes 
again  became  the  drudge  of  the  great  patriot,  the  renewal  of 
whose  pretended  friendship  he  thought  a  sufficient  recompense 
for  the  slights  he  had  endured  from  him  in  his  misfortunes. 
The  Eev.  Mr.  Home  was  first  introduced  to  Wilkes  by  the 
intervention  of  their  common  friend  and  disciple,  Cotes,  but 
in  the  unfortunate  schism  which  took  place  between  these 
friends  of  liberty,  Cotes  sided  with  the  city  dignitary,  and 
though  many  appeals  were  made  to  him  in  the  disgraceful 
correspondence  which  was  published  on  the  occasion,  his 
recollection  extended  to  nothing  that  was  favourable  to  the 
cause  of  Mr.  Home. 


INDEPENDENCE.  287 

Why,  for  the  first  time,  are  they  slow  to  ill  ? 
When  some  grand  act  'gainst  law  is  to  be  done, 

Doth sleep  ;  doth  blood-hound run   540 

To  L ,  and  worry  those  small  deer, 

When  he  might  do  more  precious  mischief  here  ? 
Doth  Webb  turn  tail  ?  doth  he  refuse  to  draw 
Illegal  warrants,  and  to  call  them  Law  ? 

Doth ,  at  Guilford  kick'd  from  Guilford  run, 

With  that  cold  lump  of  unbaked  dough,  his  son, 
And,  his  more  honest  rival  Ketch  to  cheat, 
Purchase  a  burial-place  where  three  ways  meet  ? 

Believe  it  not;  is still, 

And  never  sleeps,  when  he  should  wake  to  ill : 

doth  lesser  mischiefs  by  the  by,  551 

The  great  ones  till  the  term  in  petto  lie : 

lives,  and,  to  the  strictest  justice  true, 

Scorns  to  defraud  the  hangman  of  his  due. 

O  my  poor  Country — weak,  and  overpower'd 
By  thine  own  sons — ate  to  the  bone — devour'd 
By  vipers,  which,  in  thine  own  entrails  bred, 
Prey  on  thy  life,  and  with  thy  blood  are  fed, 
With  unavailing  grief  thy  wrongs  I  see, 
And,  for  myself  not  feeling,  feel  for  thee.  56o 

I  grieve,  but  can't  despair — for,  lo,  at  hand 
Freedom  presents  a  choice,  but  faithful  band 
Of  loyal  patriots  ;  men  who  greatly  dare 
In  such  a  noble  cause  ;  men  fit  to  bear       [Sense, 
The  weight   of  empire;    Fortune,    Rank,   and 
Virtue  and  Knowledge,  leagued  with  Eloquence, 
March  in  their  ranks ;  Freedom  from  file  to  file 


288  INDEPENDENCE. 

Darts  her  delighted  eye,  and  with  a  smile 
Approves  her  honest  sons,  Avhilst  down  her  cheek, 
As  'twere  by  stealth,  (lier  heart  too  full  to  speak) 
One  tear  in  silence  creeps,  one  honest  tear,        571 
And  seems  to  say,  why  is  not  Granby  here  ? 
O  ye  brave  few,  in  whom  we  still  may  find 
A  love  of  virtue,  freedom,  and  mankind. 
Go  forth — in  majesty  of  woe  array'd,  575 

See  at  your  feet  your  country  kneels  for  aid. 
And  (many  of  her  children  traitors  grown) 
Kneels  to  those  sons  she  still  can  call  her  own ; 
Seeming  to  breathe  her  last  in  every  breath. 
She  kneels  for  freedom,  or  she  begs  for  death — 

5^2  The  JIarquis  of  Granby,  in  1763,  accepted  the  office 
of  Master-General  of  the  Ordnance,  and  was  in  1766,  appoint- 
ed Commander-in-Chief  of  all  his  Majesty's  land  forces  in 
Great  Britain.  He  was  accused  by  Junius  of  an  improper 
partiahty  to  his  own  family  and  connections  in  the  exercise 
of  his  patronage.  Sir  William  Draper  undertook  his  defence 
until  it  was  signified  to  him,  at  the  request,  it  is  said,  of  Lord 
Granby  himself,  that  it  was  his  Lordship's  wish  that  he  should 
desist  from  the  subject.  Junius  admits  that  Sir  William 
Draper's  injudicious  conduct  drew  from  him  more  censure 
on  the  character  of  Lord  Granby  than  he  originally  intended, 
and  concludes  the  controversy  with  the  following  tribute  to 
his  memory: — "In  private  life  he  was  unquestionably  that 
good  man,  who  for  the  interest  of  his  country,  ought  to  have 
been  a  great  one.  Bonum  virum  facile  dixeris : — magnum 
Ubenter.  I  speak  of  him  now  without  partiality : — I  never 
spoke  of  him  with  resentment.  His  mistakes  in  public  con- 
duct did  not  arise  either  from  want  of  sentiment  or  want  of 
judgment,  but,  in  general,  from  the  difficulty  of  saying  no 
to  the  bad  people  who  surrounded  him."  See  also  vol.  ii. 
p.  310. 


INDEPENDENCE. 


289 


590 


Fly,  then,  each  duteous  son,  each  English  chief, 
And  to  your  drooping  parent  bring  relief. 
Qo  forth — nor  let  the  Siren  voice  of  ease 
Tempt  ye  to  sleep,  wliilst  tempests  swell  the  seas  ; 
Go  forth— nor  let  Hypocrisy,  Avhose  tongue       ss 
With  many  a  fair,  false,  fatal  art  is  hung, 
Like  Bethel's  fawning  prophet,  cross  your  way. 
When  your  great  errand  brooks  not  of  delay  ; 
Nor  let  vain  Fear,  Avho  cries  to  all  she  meets, 
Trembling  and  pale — a  lion  in  the  streets — 
Damp  your  free  spirits ;  let  not  threats  affright. 
Nor  bribes  corrupt,  nor  flatteries  delight ; 
Be  as  one  man — concord  success  ensures — 
There's  not  an  English  heart  but  what  is  yours. 
Go  forth— and  Virtue,  ever  in  your  sight,  595 

Shall  be  your  guide  by  day,  your  guard  by  night- 
Go  forth — the  champions  of  your  native  land, 

597  A  contemporary  poet  gives  a  very  different  interpreta- 
tion of  the  conduct  of  opposition,  whom  he  represents  as  thus 
at  once  inspired  and  addressed  by  the  Goddess  of  Faction : 

"  To  raise  the  mob,  by  master-strokes  of  art, 
Inflame  the  passions,  and  mislead  the  heart, 
Make  happy  subjects  surfeit  on  their  ease, 
Kepine  at  blessings,  and  grow  sick  of  peace, 
To  pour  the  multitude  which  way  we  list, 
And  ere  they're  injured,  set  them  to  resist, 
Halloo  them  on,  to  roar  with  frantic  zeal, 
Against  oppressions  which  no  soul  can  feel, 
Till  they  desire  to  spill  their  desperate  lives, 
For  Printers'  'Prentices  prerogatives. 
To  bid  a  little  river  flow  along 
The  sole  criterion  to  know  right  from  wrong. 

VOL.  III.  19 


290  INDEPENDENCE. 

And  may  the  battle  prosper  in  your  hand — 

It  may,  it  must — ye  cannot  be  withstood — 

Be  your  hearts  honest,  as  your  cause  is  good,    eoo 

With  every  lash  of  infamy  impel 
The  farther  side,  because  it  won't  rebel, — 
On  all  who  dare  imply  we  do  amiss. 
Point  ready  obloquy's  insulting  hiss'; 
To  teach  the  people  this  indulgent  reign 
With  every  charge  of  tyranny  to  stain, 
Uncheck'd  to  swallow  contradictions  down, 
In  Antonine's  mild  look,  fear  Nero's  frown, 
W^rest  his  intention,  and  distort  each  fact, 
And  lend  them  treason  till  they  long  to  act; 
The  Prince  against  his  counsellors  to  move, 
And  while  we  only  seem  to  beg,  reprove. 
In  tenns  of  duty  wrap  each  boisterous  deed, 
Kneel  while  we  stab,  and  hbel  while  we  plead." 

Patriotism. 

We  are  far  from  giving  credit  to  Wilkes  for  any  one  ho- 
nourable motive  in  the  contest  he  had  with  government,  it 
began  as  it  ended,  in  interest;  but  the  ludicrous  combination 
in  the  tenth  line  of  the  quotation  must  not  lead  us  to  under- 
value the  important  privilege,  wrested  by  his  instrumentality, 
out  of  the  hands  of  government.  The  illegality  of  general 
warrants,  which  were  by  no  means  without  precedent,  having 
been  occasionally  issued  in  the  best  as  well  as  the  worst  of 
times,  although  one  of  the  earliest  instances  on  record  is  of  one 
issued  by  the  infamous  Judge  JefTeries,  is  now  established,  and 
our  persons  and  properties  secure  from  any  wanton  exertions 
of  power  in  a  secretary  of  state  or  his  subordinate  officers.  For 
this  exemption  Ave  are  principally  indebted  to  Earl  Temple, 
who  zealously  persevered  in  supporting  Wilkes  in  his  legal 
struggle  with  government,  though  he  highly  disapproved  the 
libellous  and  factious  conduct  adopted  by  that  gentleman  and 
his  friends.  Ministers  might  probably  with  effect  have  de- 
feated the  efforts  of  such  men  as  Wilkes  and  his  dissolute 
associates ;  but  when  the  cause  was  sanctioned  by  the  sup- 


INDEPENDENCE.  291 

port  of  a  powerful  nobleman,  whose  independence  and  in- 
tegrity, not  even  the  malevolence  of  party  could  assail,  the 
better  part  of  the  public  were  proud  of  enlisting  under  his 
banners,  and  formed  a  "phalanx  in  support  of  this  great  con- 
stitutional question,  ■which  administration  felt  itself  unequal 
to  resist. 

Whatever  difference  of  opinion  may  exist  as  to  what  mem- 
ber of  the  House  of, Lords,  during  the  early  part  of  the  reign  of 
George  III.  was  the  most  distinguished  for  talents  or  elo- 
quence, all  parties  ultimately  agreed  in  awarding  to  Earl 
Temple  the  more  honourable  meed  of  praise  for  unsullied 
private  worth,  combined  with  the  most  disinterested  and  con- 
sistent public  conduct,  distinguished  alike  for  constitutional 
integrity  of  purpose,  and  of  equal  loyalty  to  the  crown  and 
to  the  people.  His  powerful  vindication  of  the  liberty  of  the 
press,  and  of  the  subject,  was  visited  by  his  dismissal  from  the 
Lord  Lieutenancy  of  the  county  of  Bucks,  at  the  same  time 
tliat  Wilkes  was  removed  from  the  command  of  the  militia  of 
that  county. 

The  public,  already  sufficiently  displeased  with  this  marked 
censure  of  the  crown  on  Earl  Temple,  Avere  equally  disgusted 
at  seeing  that  virtuous  and  high-minded  nobleman  supplanted, 
under  the  influence  of  Lord  Bute,  by  Lord  Le  Despencer,  his 
former  chancellor  of  the  exchequer,  the  man  to  whom  a  sum 
of  five  figures  was  an  impenetrable  secret,  and  to  make  the 
contrast  still  more  complete,  who  had  been  the  leader  of  the 
Medmenham  revels. 

The  following  lines  on  occasion  of  Earl  Temple's  removal, 
were  said  to  have  been  written  and  presented  to  him  by  his 
amiable  countess. 

To  honour  virtue  in  the  Lord  of  Stowe, 
The  power  of  courtiers  can  no  farther  go ; 
Forbid  him  court,  from  council  blot  his  name: 
E'en  these  distinctions  cannot  raze  his  fame. 
Friend  to  the  liberties  of  England's  state, 
'Tis  not  t6  courts  he  looks  to  make  him  great; 
He  to  his  much  loved  country  trusts  his  cause, 
And  dares  assert  the  honour  of  her  laws. 


THE  JOURNEY.* 

Some  of  my  friends,  (for  friends  I  must  suppose 
All,  who,  not  daring  to  appear  my  foes, 
Feign  great  good  will,  and,  not  more  full  of  spite 
Than  full  of  craft,  under  false  colours  fight) 
Some  of  my  friends,  (so  lavishly  I  print)  j 

As  more  in  sorrow  than  in  anger,  hint 
(Though  that  indeed  will  scarce  admit  a  doubt) 
That  I  shall  run  my  stock  of  genius  out. 
My  no  great  stock,  and,  publishing  so  fast. 
Must  needs  become  a  bankrupt  at  the  last.  id 

"  The  husbandman,  to  spare  a  thankful  soil, 
Which,  rich  in  disposition,  pays  his  toil 
More  than  a  hundredfold,  which  swells  his  store 

*  This  short  piece  was  published  soon  after  the  author's 
death,  and  was  the  only  complete  poem,  if  such  it  may  be 
considered,  which  he  left  behind  him  in  manuscript.  There 
are  no  symptoms  of  any  decay  of  genius  perceptible  in  it ; 
the  advice  of  his  friends,  and  his  answei-s  are  well  managed, 
and  the  satire  although  occasionally  misdirected,  and  through- 
out unreasonablj'  severe,  is  conveyed  with  appropriate  energy 
of  diction. 

1"  When  Congreve  brought  out  the  Old  Bachelor,  his  first 
comedy,  it  is  reported,  that  Dryden,  on  being  asked  his  opinion 
of  it  said,  it  was  the  finest  comedy  in  the  language,  and 
that  he  pitied  the  young  author  greatly,  as  he  had  laid 
out  as  much  wit  in  that  one  piece  as  would  have  served  half 
a  dozen,  and  that  if  he  went  on  at  that  rate,  he  must  soon 
become  a  bankrupt. 


I 


THE    JOURNEY.  293 

E'en  to  his  wish,  and  makes  his  barns  run  o'er, 
By  long  experience  taught,  who  teaches  best,      is 
Foregoes  his  hopes  a  while,  and  gives  it  rest : 
The  land,  allow'd  its  losses  to  repair, 
Refresh'd,  and  full  in  strength,  delights  to  wear 
A  second  youth,  and  to  the  farmer's  eyes 
Bids  richer  crops,  and  double  harvests  rise.         20 

Nor  think  this  practice  to  the  earth  confined, 
It  reaches  to  the  culture  of  the  mind. 
The  mind  of  man  craves  rest,  and  cannot  bear, 
Though  next  in  power  to  God's,  continual  care. 
Genius  himself  (nor  here  let  Genius  frown)        25 
Must,  to  ensure  his  vigour,  be  laid  down. 
And  foUow'd  well :  had  Churchill  known  but  this, 
Which  the  most  slight  observer  scarce  could  miss, 
He  might  have  ilourish'd  twenty  years,  or  more. 
Though  now,  alas  !  poor  man !  worn  out  in  four." 

Recover'd  from  the  vanity  of  youth,  31 

I  feel,  alas  !  this  melancholy  truth, 
Thanks  to  each  cordial,  each  advising  friend. 
And  am,  if  not  too  late,  resolved  to  mend. 
Resolved  to  give  some  respite  to  my  pen,  35 

Apply  myself  once  more  to  books  and  men, 

30  Oiu-  author  did  not  live  to  complete  even  his  fourth 
poetic  year;  the  Rosciad  having  been  published  in  Marcli 
1761,  and  Independence  in  September,  1764.  It  is  a  melan- 
choly reflection,  and  sufficiently  mortifying  to  men  of  parts 
and  genius,  that  most  of  his  brilliant  companions  fell,  with 
himself,  victims,  in  the  prime  of  life,  to  the  want  of  that  dis- 
cretion in  their  own  conduct  which  they  had  as  wittily  ridi- 
culed in  some  as  they  had  imprudently  despised  in  others  of 
their  less  gifted  contemporaries. 


294  THE   JOURNEY. 

View  what  is  present,  what  is  past  review, 
A.nd,  my  old  stock  exhausted,  lay  in  new. 
For  twice  six  moons,  (let  winds,  turn'd  porters, 

bear 
This  oath  to  heaven)  for  twice  six  moons,  I  swear, 
No  Muse  shall  tempt  me  with  her  Siren  lay,      4i 
Nor  draw  me  from  improvement's  thorny  way. 
Verse  I  abjure,  nor  will  forgive  that  friend. 
Who,  in  my  hearing,  shall  a  rhyme  commend. 

It  cannot  be — whether  I  will,  or  no,  4s 

Such  as  they  are,  my  thoughts  in  measure  flow. 
Convinced,  detei'mined,  I  in  prose  begin, 
But  ere  I  write  one  sentence,  verse  creeps  in. 
And  taints  me  through  and  through,  by  this  good 
light 

45  Two  of  the  most  harmonious  poets  that  any  age  or 
country  has  produced,  lament  the  inveteracy  of  a  similar 
early  propensity  to  poetry  in  themselves. 

Saspe  pater  dixit,  studium  quid  inutile  tentas 

Mceonides  nuUus  ipse  reliquit  opes. 
Motus  eram  dictis  totoque  Helicone  relicto 

Scribere  conabar  verba  soluta  modis 
Sponte  sua  carmen  numeros  veniebat  ad  aptos 

Et  quod  tentabam  dicere,  versus  erat.       Ovid.  Teist. 

As  yet  a  child  nor  yet  a  fool  to  fame 

I  lisp'd  in  numbers,  for  the  numbers  came.  Pope. 

This  involuntary  tendency  to  poetry  was  productive,  in  the 
instances  before .  us,  of  the  most  happy  fruits,  calculated 
amply  to  repay  us  for  the  reams  of  poetry  discharged  upon 
the  town  by  persons  labouring  under  the  cacoethes  scribendi. 
In  the  former  case  the  poet  is  the  only  complainant,  in  the 
latter  the  reader  is  the  victim. 


THE    JOURNEY.  295 

In  verse  I  talk  by  day,  I  dream  by  night!  so 

If  now  and  then  I  curse,  my  curses  chime, 
Nor  can  I  pray,  unless  I  pray  in  rhyme. 
E'en  now  I  err,  in  spite  of  common  sense. 
And  my  confession  doubles  my  offence. 

Rest  then,  my  friends  ; — spare,  spare  your  pre- 
cious breath,  53 
And  be  your  slumbex's  not  less  sound  than  death  ; 
Perturbed  spirits  rest,  nor  thus  appear. 
To  waste  your  counsels  in  a  spendthrift's  ear; 
On  your  grave  lessons  I  cannot  subsist. 
Nor  e'en  in  verse  become  economist.                     co 
Rest  then,  my  friends,  nor  hateful  to  my  eyes, 
Let  Envy,  in  the  shape  of  Pity,  rise 
To  blast  me  ere  my  time  ;  with  patience  wait, 
('Tis  no  long  interval)  jJi'opitious  Fate 
Shall  glut  your  pride,  and  every  son  of  phlegm  65 
Find  ample  room  to  censure  and  condemn. 
Read  some  three  hundred  lines,  (no  easy  task, 
But  prohahly  the  last  that  I  shall  ask) 
And  give  me  up  for  ever ;  wait  one  hour, 
Nay  not  so  much,  revenge  is  in  your  power,        a; 
And  yet  may  cry,  ere  Time  hath  turn'd  his  glass, 
Lo !  what  we  prophesied  is  come  to  pass. 

Let  those,  who  poetry  in  poems  claim. 
Or  not  read  this,  or  only  read  to  blame ; 
Let  those  who  are  by  fiction's  charms  enslaved,  75 
Return  me  thanks  for  half-a-crown  well  saved ; 
Let  those  who  love  a  little  gall  in  rhyme 
Postpone  their  purchase  now,  and  call  next  time ; 


29G  TIIK    JOUKNEY. 

Let  those  who,  void  of  nature,  look  for  art, 

Take  up  their  money,  and  in  peace  depart ;        so 

Let  those  who,  energy  of  diction  prize. 

For  Billingsgate  quit  Flexney,  and  be  wise  : 

Hei'e  is  no  lie,  no  gall,  no  art,  no  force, 

Mean  are  the  words,  and  such  as  come  of  course  ; 

The  subject  not  less  simple  than  the  lay ;  ss 

A  plain,  unlabour'd  Journey  of  a  Day. 

Far  from  me  now  be  every  tuneful  maid, 
I  neither  ask  nor  can  receive  their  aid. 
Pegasus  turn'd  into  a  common  hack. 
Alone  I  jog,  and  keep  the  beaten  track,  so 

Nor  would  I  have  the  Sisters  of  the  hill  t 

Behold  their  bard  in  such  a  dishabille.  ] 

Absent,  but  only  absent  for  a  time, 
Let  them  caress  some  dearer  son  of  rhyme ; 
Let  them,  as  far  as  decency  permits,  93 

Without  suspicion,  jilay  the  fool  with  wits, 
'Gainst  fools  be  guarded ;  'tis  a  cei'tain  rule, 
Wits  are  safe  things ;  there 's  danger  in  a  fool. 

82  The  publisher  of  his  poems.  Jlr.  Flexney  died  Jan. 
7,  1808,  aged  77,  having  handed  over  to  the  present  editor,  in 
1803,  the  very  few  manuscripts  he  had  preserved  of,  or  relating 
to  Churchill,  and  from  which  but  little  information  could  be 
collected ;  he  was  at  the  same  time  confident  that  none  others 
existed,  and  which  the  lapse  of  time  has  confirmed.  Few 
instances  in  the  literary  world  occur  of  a  man  who  had  filled 
so  eminent  a  position  in  it  as  Churchill  leaving  so  few  me- 
morials of  himself  behind ;  the  fact  is,  lie  destroyed  most,  if 
not  all  his  manuscripts,  and  his  dissipated  associates  were  too 
much  occupied  in  their  own  irregular  pursuits,  to  care  to  col- 
lect the  disjecta  membra  of  their  friend. 


THE  JODRNET.  297 

Let  them,  though  modest,  Gray  more  modest 
woo ;  99 

Let  them  with  Mason  bleat,  and  bray,  and  coo ; 

99  The  prominent  feature  in   tlie  character  of  Gray  was 
a  fastidious  apprehension  of  being  taken  for  a  mere  man 
of  letters ;  without  birth,  fortune,  or  station,  he  wished  to  be 
considered  as  a  private  gentleman,  who  read  and  wrote  only 
for  his  amusement.    He  indulged  in  all  the  modish  niceties 
of  dress,  and  on  his  return  from  his  travels  wore  a  muff,  to 
the  great  amusement  of  the  young  men  of  the  University, 
where  he  was  commonly  called  by  the  name  of  Miss  Gray. 
If  be  went  to  a  coffee-house  he  would  tell  the  waiter  in  a 
tone  the  most  affected  to  give  him  "  that  silly  paper  book," 
meaning  a  magazine,  or  review.     Timorous  as  effeminate, 
and  fearful  of  accidents,  he  had  a  ladder  to  let  down  from 
his  window  in  case  of  fire.     Some  young  men  of  his  college 
wantonly  set  up  a  false  alami  in  order  to  draw  him  upon  his 
ladder;  and  this,  together  with  the  intentional  disturbances 
of  some  gay  men  of  fortune  on  his  staircase,  occasioned  his 
removing  himself  from  St.  Peter's  College  to  Pembroke  Hall ; 
he  had  complained  to  the  governing  part  of  the  society,  and 
not  thinking  that  his  remonstrance  was  suflficiently  attended 
to,  "he  left  his  lodgings,"  as  he  himself  expresses  it,  "  because 
his  rooms  were  noisy,  and  the  people  of  the  house  uncivil." 
Mr.  Macaulay,  adverting  to  Dr.  Johnson's  unjust  and  illiberal, 
if  not  inconsistent  views  of  some  of  our  greatest  poets,  and 
thek  greatest  works,  and  which  even  his  authority  has  failed 
in  establishing  on  the  public  mind,  observes  — "  Gray  was  in 
his  dialect  a  barren  rascal;  Churchill  was  a  blockhead.    The 
contempt  which  he  felt  for  the  trash  of  Macpherson   was 
indeed  just,  but  it  was,  we  suspect,  just  by  chance.     He 
despised  the  Fingal  for  the  very  reason  which  led  many  men 
of  genius  to  admire  it.    He  despised  it,  not  because  it  was 
essentially  commonplace,  but  because  it  had   a  superficial 
of  originality." 

ino  What  cause  of  offence  Mason  had  given  to  our  author 


298  THE   JOURNEY. 

Let  them  with  Francklin,  proud  of  some  small 

Greek,  loi 

Make  Sophocles,  disguised  in  English  speak  ; 

we  are  unacquainted  with,  but  some  there  must  have  existed, 
to  have  occasioned  such  frequent  acrimonious  mention  of  a 
poet  who,  if  he  never  rose  to  the  sublimity  of  liis  friend  Gray, 
never  sunk  to  the  simplicity  of  Whitehead,  and  whose  dramas, 
and  elegy  on  the  death  of  the  Countess  of  Coventry,  will 
endure  the  test  of  the  decies  repetita  of  Horace. 

101  Dr.  Francklin's  translation  of  Sophocles  did  not  deserve 
this  censure.  It  is  a  bold  and  happy  transfusion  into  the 
English  language  of  the  terrible  simplicity  of  the  Greek 
tragedian;  when  the  difficulty  of  the  task  is  taken  into 
consideration,  few  translations  will  be  found  to  have  greater 
merit,  or  possess  more  independent  claims  to  approbation 
than  Dr.  Francklin's  Sophocles,  which  may  be  read  with 
pleasure  by  the  most  fastidious  critic  in  taste  and  language. 

103  Mr.  Glover,  in  his  tragedy  of  Slcdea,  attempted  to  im- 
prove upon  Euripides  and  Seneca ;  the  unities  are  preserved 
throughout,  and  the  diction  is,  in  general,  harmonious  and 
picturesque.  The  thoughts  are,  however,  sometimes  spun 
too  fine,  the  expletives  well  and  nmj  too  frequently  occur,  and 
a  languid  coldness  pervades  the  piece.  Some  of  the  epithets 
are  stiff,  and  the  blank  verse  odes,  introduced  by  way  of  chorus, 
are  disagreeable  to  ears  accustomed  to  rhyme.  j\Irs.  Yates 
usually  selected  this  play  for  her  benefit.  Glover  might  find 
compensation  for  this  contemptuous  allusion  to  his  tragedy, 
in  the  high  compliment  paid  to  him  by  Burke,  when  ad- 
verting to  evidence  given  by  him  at  the  bar  of  the  House 
of  Commons :  "  The  commerce  of  our  colonies  is  out  of  all 
proportion  beyond  the  numbers  of  the  people.  This  ground 
of  their  commerce,  indeed,  has  been  trod  some  days  ago,  and 
with  great  ability,  by  a  distmguished  person  at  your  bar. 
This  gentleman,  after  thirty-five  years— it  is  so  long  since  he 
first  appeared  at  the  same  place  to  plead  for  the  commerce 
of  Great  Britain  —  has  come  again  before  you  to  plead  the 
same  cause,  without  any  other  effect  of  time  than  that,  to  the 


THE  JOURNEY.  299 

Let  them  with  Glover  o'er  Medea  doze ; 
Let  them  with  Dodsley  wail  Cleone's  woes, 
"VYliilst  he,  fine  feeling  cx-eature,  all  in  tears,       los 

fire  of  imagination  and  extent  of  erudition  whicli  even  then 
marked  him  as  one  of  the  first  literary  characters  of  the  age, 
he  has  added  a  consummate  knowledge  of  the  commercial 
interests  of  his  country,  fomied  by  a  long  course  of  enlightened 
and  discriminating  experience. 

i<'4  Cleone,  a  tragedy  by  Robert  Dodsley,  having  been 
rejected  by  Gamck,  was  first  acted  at  Covent  Garden,  in 
1758.  It  is  founded  upon  the  old  legend  of  St.  Genevieve, 
•written  originally  in  French,  and  translated  into  English  by 
Sir  William  Lower  about  two  hundred  years  ago.  Pope  began 
a  tragedy  on  the  same  subject,  but,  not  liking  it,  destroyed 
the  manuscript.  It  is  one  of  those  strange  tales  devised  by 
romance  writers  when  that  species  of  composition  was  in  its 
infancy,  and  had  not  yet  assumed  the  garb  of  probability. 
Mr.  Langton,  when  a  young  man,  read  Dodsley's  Cleone 
to  Dr.  Johnson,  not  aware  of  his  extreme  impatience  at  being 
read  to.  As  it  went  on,  the  Dr.  turned  his  face  to  the  back 
of  the  chair,  and  put  himself  into  various  attitudes  which 
marked  his  uneasiness.  At  the  end  of  an  act,  however, 
he  said  —  "Come  let's  have  some  more;  let's  go  into  the 
slaughter-house  again.  Lanky,  but  I  am  afraid  there  is  more 
blood  than  brains."  The  play  was  acted  a  few  seasons  with 
some  success,  but  has  now  lain  dormant  for  many  years ;  the 
production  of  a  fashionable  bookseller  of  extensive  patronage 
and  trade  was  hailed  by  his  authors  and  noble  customers  as 
a  wonderful  effort  of  genius ;  he  is  thus  made  to  speak  for 
himself,  by  Cuthbert  Shaw,  a  contemporary  satirist: 

"        ,  a  bookseller  and  bard 


May  sure  with  justice  claim  the  first  regard. 
A  double  merit 's  surely  his,  that 's  wont 
To  make  the  fiddle,  and  then  play  upon 't 
But  more,  to  prove  beyond  a  doubt  my  claim. 
Behold  the  work  on  which  I  build  my  fame ! 


300  TUE   JOURNEY. 

Melts  as  they  melt,  and  weeps  with  weeping  peers ; 
Let  them  with  simple  Whitehead  taught  to  creep 

Search  every  tragic  scene  of  Greece  and  Rome, 
From  ancient  Sophocles  to  modern  Home, 
Examine  well  the  conduct,  diction,  plan. 
And  match,  then  match  Cleone,  if  you  can."  Race. 

The  first  work  of  Dodslcj',  who  had  been  a  servant  to  Miss 
Lowther,  was  a  thin  8vo  volume  of  poems,  written  by  him- 
self, and  published  by  -subscription,  entitled  the  Muse  in 
Livery;  ho  was  much  patronized  by  Pope  and  Spcncc,  which 
occasioned  the  following  lines  in  one  of  Curll's  malignant 
epistles  to  the  former: 

"  'Tis  kind,  indeed  a  livery  man  to  aid. 
Who  scribbles  farces  to  augment  his  trade : 
Where  you  and  Spence  and  Glover  drive  the  nail, 
The  deuce  is  in  it  if  the  plot  should  fail." 

Dodsley  originated  the  suggestion  of  a  stamp  upon  receipts 
for  money,  and  the  government  testified  their  gratitude  to 
him  for  it,  by  granting  him  a  pension  of  £300  per  annum, 
charged  on  the  stamp  revenue. 

Though  Dodsley  was  unequal  to  receive  the  sublime  in- 
spiration of  Melpomene,  his  lighter  pieces,  particularly  the 
Miller  of  Mansfield,  and  the  Toy  Shop  in  verse,  and  the 
Economy  of  Human  Life  in  prose,  are  no  unfavourable 
specimens  of  liis  genius.  There  is  an  easy  chaste  familiarity 
in  his  lighter  pieces,  whether  prose  or  verse,  which  will 
always  render  them  popular  and  pleasing.  That  he  should 
even  acquire  the  reputation  he  deservedly  attained  is  matter 
of  astonishment  when  we  consider  that  he  was  originally  a 
livery  servant ;  while  it  is  highly  creditable  to  his  memory 
that  he  never  forgot  his  origin,  and  was  always  unaffectedly 
grateful  to  his  benefactors.  His  integrity  in  trade  was  un- 
sullied, and  his  conduct  to  authors  was  liberal  in  the  extreme. 
That  valuable  publication,  the  Annual  Register,  originated 
with  him  in  1758,  at  the  suggestion  of  Burke,  who  was  the 
principal  contributor  to  it.     Dodsley  died  in  September,  1764, 


THE    JOUENEY.  301 

Silent  and  soft,  lay  Fontenelle  asleep ; 

Let  them  with  Brown  contrive,  no  vulgar  trick, 

To  cure  the  dead,  and  make  the  living  sick ;      no 

while  at  Durham  on  a  \'isit  to  Spence,  leaving  Garrick  to  re- 
gret that  he  had  treated  with  aflected  contempt,  one  of  so 
amiahle  and  meek  a  spirit.  Garrick  had  interested  Warbur- 
ton  in  his  own  favour,  as  appears  by  a  letter  to  him  from  the 
bishop,  beginning,  "  Dodsley  is  a  wretched  feUow;  and  no 
man  ever  met  with  a  Avorse  retmTi  than  you  have  done  for 
your  endeavours  to  serve  him,"  and  ending,  "As  to  Master 
Robert  Dodsley,  I  rate  him  at  his  worth,  and  he  being  worth 
nothing,  we  shall  hardly  come  to  a  bargain." 

The  cause  of  controversy  between  Gan-ick  and  Dodsley 
was  some  alleged  caprice,  if  not  insincerity  on  the  part  of  the 
fonner  and  his  ultimately  declining  to  bring  out  the  unfor- 
tunate Cleone  at  his  theatre.  In  his  con-espondence  vdth 
Dodsley,  during  the  breach,  he  addressed  him  as  Master  Ro- 
bert Dodsley,  thus,  according  to  the  fashion  of  the  time, 
degrading  him  below  that  rank  of  a  gentleman,  which  Dodsley 
had  most  honestly  earned.  Dr.  Johnson,  whose  opinion  of  the 
tragedy  we  have  just  collected,  yet  generously  exerted  him- 
self in  its  support,  as  appears  in  one  of  his  letters  to  Langton. 
"The  two  Wartons  just  looked  into  the  town  and  were 
taken  to  see  Cleone,  where  David  says  they  were  star^'ed  for 
want  of  company  to  keep  them  warm.  David  and  Doddy 
have  had  a  new  quarrel,  and,  I  think,  cannot  conveniently, 
quarrel  any  more.  Cleone  was  well  acted  by  all  the  charac- 
ters. I  went  to  the  first  night  and  supported  it  as  well  as  I 
might,  for  Doddy  you  know  is  my  patron,  and  I  would  not 
desert  him.  The  play  was  very  well  received.  Doddy,  after 
the  danger  was  over,  went  every  night  to  the  stage  side,  and 
cried  at  the  distress  of  poor  Cleone." 

Dodsley  was  the  publisher  of  the  very  pleasing  and  popidar 
collection  of  miscellaneous  poetry  called  by  his  name,  and 
which  has  had  many  successors  but  no  equals. 

107  In  the  early  part  of  this  volume  we  had  occasion  to 
notice  Whitehead's  aflected  dedication  of  his  "  School  for 


302  TIIK    JOURNEY. 

Let  them,  in  charity  to  ]\Im'2)hy,  give 
Some  old  French  piece,  tliat  he  may  steal  and 
live ; 

Lovers  "  to  the  memory  of  Fontenelle.  Tliis  play,  which  can 
neither  be  called  tragedy  nor  comedy,  was  the  first  of  that 
class  of  soft-sensationy  dramas,  which,  for  twenty  years,  de- 
luged the  theatre  with  the  tears  of  elegant  distress ;  in  the 
succeeding  twenty  years,  our  modern  makers  of  plays,  or 
rather  of  tricks,  enriched  themselves,  and  amused  the  town 
with  the  contrasted  scenes  of  a  low  buffoonry  that  would 
have  disgraced  Bartholomew  fair;  and  of  a  maudlin  sensi- 
bility of  German  gi-OAvth,  excited  by  circumstances  of  vulgar 
interest,  of  which  a  good  substantial  English  meal,  by  remov- 
ing the  cause,  would,  for  at  least  four-and-twenty  hours,  have 
destroyed  the  effect.     [1804.] 

109  The  Cure  of  Saul,  a  sacred  ode  by  Dr.  Brown,  was 
set  to  music  and  performed  as  an  oratorio,  in  1763;  the 
author  in  it  attempted  to  express  the  various  powers  of  that 
music,  whereby  the  Israelitish  shepherd  chai-med  his  unhappy 
prince.  If  this  sacred  ode  does  not  rise  to  the  poetry  and 
harmony  of  Dryden's  "St.  Cecilia,"  it  has,  nevertheless, 
with  a  few  exceptions,  no  small  degree  of  beauty  and  merit, 
and  ranks  with  the  most  distinguished  lyric  compositions. 
In  the  stanza  beginning,  "  By  sleepless  teri'or  Saul  possessed," 
the  dreadful  images  of  terror  and  distraction  are  well  sus- 
tained, and  the  measure  of  the  verse  happily  corresponds 
with  the  subject.  The  harmony  and  imagery  of  the  follow- 
ing passages  are  equally  beautiful  throughout: 

Lead  the  soothing  verse  along: 

He  feels,  he  feels  the  power  of  song. 

Ocean  hastens  to  his  bed : 
The  labouring  mountain  rears  his  rock-encumber'd  head ; 

Down  his  steep  and  shaggy  side 

The  torrent  rolls  his  thundering  tide; 
Then  smooth  and  clear,  along  the  fertile  plain 
Winds  his  majestic  waters  to  the  distant  main. 

Flocks  and  herds  the  hLUs  adorn, 


THE  JOUENET.  303 

Let  them  with  antic  Foote  subscriptions  get, 
And  advei'tise  a  summer-house  of  wit. 

Thus,  or  in  any  better  way  they  please,  ns 

The  lark  liigh-soaring  hails  the  morn ; 
And  while  along  yon  crimson-clouded  steep 
The  slow  sun  steals  into  the  golden  deep, 

Hark !  the  solemn  nightingale 

Warbles  to  the  woodhind  dale; 
See  descending  angels  shower 
Heaven's  own  bliss  on  Eden's  bower; 

Peace  on  nature's  lap  reposes, 

Pleasure  strews  her  guiltless  roses ; 

Joys  divine  in  circles  move, 

Link'd  with  innocence  and  love. 
Hail,  happy  love,  with  innocence  combined ; 
All  hail,  ye  sinless  parents  of  mankind. 

The  passage  that  follows  this,  and,  for  the  instruction  of  the 
monarch,  represents  the  miseries  of  our  first  parents  as  the 
consequence  of  their  guilt,  has  likewise  many  beauties.  The 
unhappy  king  could  not  but  apply  this  part  of  the  song  to 
himself: 

— With  pride  and  shame  and  anguish  torn, 
Shot  fury  from  his  eyes  and  scorn. 

The  glowing  youth. 

Bold  in  truth, 
(So  still  should  virtue  guilty  power  engage,) 

With  brow  undaunted  met  his  rage. 
See,  his  cheek  kindles  into  generous  fire ; 

Stern  he  bends  him  o'er  his  lyre ; 

And,  while  the  doom  of  guilt  he  sings, 

Shakes  horror  from  the  tortured  strings. 

Nothing  can  be  more  happily  expressive  than  the  last  line; 
we  almost  tremble  while  we  read  it.  Some  exceptionable 
passages  might  be  pointed  out,  but  they  are  excusable,  ubi 
plura  nitent. — Dr.  Anderson's  Life  of  Dr.  Brown. 

Sir  John  Hawkins,  in  his  Historj'  of  Music,  observes,  that 


304  THE   JOURNEY. 

With  these  great  men,  or  with  great  men  like 

these, 
Let  them  their  appetite  for  laughter  feed ; 
I  on  my  Journey  all  alone  proceed. 

If  fashionable  grown,  and  fond  of  power. 
With  humorous  Scots  let  them  disport  their 

hour,  120 

the  music  to  the  Cure  of  Saul  was  partly  selected  by  Brown, 
from  such  favourite  movements  in  the  works  of  the  most 
celebrated  composers,  as  would  best  express  the  sense  of  the 
words.  He  took,  in  particular,  for  a  solo  air,  the  saraband 
in  the  eighth  sonata  of  Purcel's  second  opera;  and  for  the 
chorus,  that  most  admirable  movement  in  Purcel's  "  0  give 
thanks,"  "Remember  me,  0  Lord,"  with  such  success,  that 
any  stranger  would  have  thought  that  the  music  had  been 
originally  composed  for  the  ode. 

Ill  For  Murphy  and  his  plagiarisms,  see  vol.  i.  p.  17,  131. 

113  For  Foote  and  his  Summer  Theatre,  see  vol.  i.  p.  11. 

122  The  strong  bias  in  favour  of  the  Stuarts,  discernible 
in  Hume's  history,  rendered  him,  at  the  time,  extremely  ob- 
noxious to  the  whigs,  and  to  those  who  considered  the  funda- 
mental rights  of  the  people  of  this  country,  as  having  their 
root  in  the  Saxon  constitution,  and  not  as  so  many  encroach- 
ments upon  regal  prerogative.  Party  spirit  ran  very  high  at 
the  period  of  its  publication,  and  Hume  was  loaded  with  im- 
putations, which  he  did  not  deserve  to  the  extent  to  which 
they  were  carried  by  the  virulence  of  foction.  Public  opinion 
has  now  set  its  seal  on  Hume's  England  as  the  best  historical 
work  in  the  language ;  for  though  it  possesses  not  the  glow  of 
Gibbon,  nor  tlie  sustained  correctness  of  Robertson;  it  excels 
them  both  in  the  lucid  style  of  its  composition,  combining  gi-eat 
depth  of  observation  with  the  most  compreliensive  views  of  his 
subject,  thus  opening  a  wide  field  for  meditation  to  the  reader, 
and  for  which  we  look  in  vain  in  most  otlier  historians. 
A  mere  grammarian,  like  Wakefield,  might,  in  the  exercise 
of  his  hypercritical  talents,  discover  some  Gallic  blemishes 


THE    JOURNEY.  305 

Let  them  dance,  fairy  like,  round  Ossian's  tomb  ; 
Let  them  forge  lies  and  histories  for  Hume ; 
Let  them  with  Home,  the  very  prince  of  verse, 
Make  something  like  a  tragedy  in  Erse  ;  124 


and  verbal  misconstructions,  while  the  spirit  and  essence  of 
the  historian  would  escape  his  jaundiced  eye.  Making  due 
allowance  for  the  prejudices  of  Hume  in  behalf  of  his  favourite 
political  system,  we  must  pronounce  his  to  be  the  only  His- 
tory of  England  which  can  be  read  as  such  with  mingled 
profit  and  delight.  In  a  search  for  information  as  to  the 
detail  and  accuracy  of  facts,  Rapin  may  be  depended  upon ; 
and  respecting  particular  epochs,  Clarendon  and  Burnet  will 
prove  our  safest  guides,  but  taken  as  a  whole,  it  remains,  and 
wiU  probably  long  remain,  unequalled.  Attempts  to  super- 
sede him  have  repeatedly  been  made,  but  from  partial  Smollett 
down  to  crabbed  Coote,  not  one  narrator  of  English  history 
has  stood  the  test  of  competition  with  David  Hume  (1804). 
AVe  need  scarcely  add,  that  Jlr.  HaUam's  Constitutional  His- 
tory^ of  England  had  not  then  been  published. 

The  most  brilliant  period  of  Hume's  existence  was  during 
his  residence  at  Paris,  as  secretary  to  the  British  Embassy, 
where  he  wallowed  to  the  fullest  extent  in  the  convivial  and 
literary  luxuries  of  that  gay  city  at  its  most  brilliant  and  at 
the  same  time  most  licentious  period. 

Mason,  in  his  heroic  epistle,  thus  well  describes  him: 

Let  David  Hume  from  the  i*emotest  north, 

In  see-saw  sceptic  scruples  hint  his  worth, 

David  who  there  supinely  deigns  to  lye 

The  fattest  hog  of  Epicurus'  stye, 

Though  drunk  with  Gallic  wine,  and  Gallic  praise, 

David  shall  bless  old  England's  halcyon  days. 

123  Home  was  induced,  by  the  merited  success  of  Douglas, 
to  prosecute  his  dramatic  career.  That  his  subsequent  at- 
tempts should  have  merely  proved  abortive,  is  not  so  much 
matter  of  wonder,  as  that  he  could  be  capable  of  writing  such 

VOL.  III.  20 


306  THE   JOURNEY. 

Under  dark  allegory's  flimsy  veil  is 

Let  them  with  Ogilvie  spin  out  a  tale 
Of  rueful  length  ;  let  them  plain  things  obscure, 
Debase  what's  truly  rich,  and  what  is  poor 
Make  poorer  still  by  jargon  most  uncouth  ; 
With  every  pert  prim  prettiness  of  youth,  iso 

Born  of  false  taste,  with  Fancy  (like  a  child 
Not  knowing  what  it  cries  for)  running  wild, 
With  bloated  style,  by  affectation  taught, 
With  much  false  colouring,  and  little  thought, 

trash  as  Agis,  and  the  Siege  of  Aquileia.  As  the  latter  was 
the  last  of  his  productions  which  appeared  in  the  lifetime  of 
our  author,  we  conceive  this  allusion  as  immediately  appli- 
cable to  it.  It  is  a  curious  fact  that  this  tragedy  really  repre- 
sents the  siege  of  Berwick,  and  not  that  of  Aquileia,  to  which 
it  bears  no  other  than  a  nominal  affinity ;  but  Home  being 
apprehensive  of  offending  an  English  audience  by  represent- 
ing Edward  III.  as  a  brutal  tyrant,  changed  the  scene  of 
action  to  one  that  had  some  little  analogy  to  it. 

126  John  Ogilvie,  A.  M.,  was  the  author  of  Providence,  an 
allegorical  poem,  published  in  1764,  in  which  it  is  attempted 
to  follow  the  example  of  Prodicus  and  Cebes,  and  by  blend- 
ing the  agreeable  with  the  useful,  to  arrange  all  the  most 
cogent  arguments  in  favour  of  the  divine  providence,  which 
are  to  be  met  with  in  the  best  writers  on  the  subject;  and  to 
enliven  and  adorn  them  with  pleasing  allegorical  imagery  and 
harmonious  numbers.  The  author  divides  his  poem  into 
three  parts,  in  which  he  distinctly  treats  of  the  attributes  and 
power  of  the  Supreme  Being,  the  revelation  of  his  will,  and 
of  the  conduct  of  his  providence  with  regard  to  human  hfe. 
He  enlarges  upon  these  several  heads  with  considerable  per- 
spicuity and  strength  of  argument;  but  they  involve  subjects 
so  serious  and  abstruse,  that  few  readers  can  follow  the  chain 
of  the  discussion  with  that  ease  which  can  alone  render  poetry 
pleasing.    He  evidently  imitates  Akenside  without  attakung 


THE   JOURNEY.  307 

With  phrases  strange,  and  dialect  decreed  133 

By  reason  never  to  have  pass'd  the  Tweed, 
With  words,  which  nature  meant  each  other's  foe, 
Forced  to  compound  whether  they  will  or  no ; 
With  such  materials,  let  them,  if  they  will, 
To  prove  at  once  their  pleasantry  and  skill,        ho 
Build  up  a  bard  to  war  'gainst  common  sense, 
By  way  of  compliment  to  Providence  ; 
Let  them  with  Armstrong,  taking  leave  of  sense, 

his  harmony  of  style,  and  the  intolerable  length  of  the  poem 
will  for  ever  preclude  its  revival,  if  it  can  ever  have  been  said 
to  live.  Subjects  of  this  nature  do  not  easily  accord  with 
poetry  less  sublime  than  that  of  Milton  or  of  Young.  The 
principal  charm  of  Lucretius  is  in  his  digressions,  while  the 
authors  of  Paradise  Lost  and  the  Night  Thoughts  exclusively 
possess  the  power  of  interesting  the  heart  at  the  same  time 
that  they  captivate  the  understanding  with  arguments,  which, 
if  not  always  philosophically  correct,  are  urged  with  a  poetic 
fervour  of  inspiration,  which  almost  supplies  the  place  of 
demonstration. 

The  following  lines  are  so  much  in  the  style  and  manner 
of  Dr.  Akenside  as  to  evince  a  near  approach  to  the  standard 
of  that  powerful  writer. 

"  Know  then,  whate'er  in  nature's  ample  field 
The  scanty  ken  of  thy  revolving  eye 
Hath  mark'd  as  evil;  in  the  general  plan 
Is  just,  is  beauteous :  the  conjoining  parts, 
Though  each,  when  separate,  like  a  single  limb 
In  some  proportion'd  shape  appears  defoi-m'd, 
As  view'd  apart;  yet  when  exactly  wrought 
In  the  full  work,  an  heighten'd  grace  assumes, 
And  aids  the  perfect  symmetry  of  all." 
143  Dr  John  Armstrong,  who  has  in  that  beautiful  poem, 
the  Art  of  Preserving  Health,  convinced  us  by  his  own  ex- 
ample, that  we  ought  not  to  blame  antiquity  for  acknowledg- 


308  THE   JOURNEY. 

Read  musty  lectures  on  Benevolence, 

Or  con  the  pages  of  his  gaping  Day, 

Where  all  his  former  fame  was  thrown  away, 

ing  one  power  of  physic  melody,  :ukI  song,  was,  until  the 
publication  of  the  North  Briton,  on  .the  most  intimate  footing 
of  friendship  with  Wilkes  and  Chiirchill.  He  could  not 
however  but  feel  hurt  at  the  constant  attacks  made  upon 
his  countrjancn  the  Scotch;  and  in  politics  he  by  no  means 
approved  of  the  system  adopted  by  his  friends.  In  1761, 
while  physician  to  the  English  army  in  Germany,  he  wrote  a 
careless  epistle  to  Wilkes,  called  Day,  which  was  published 
(as  a  prefatory  advertisement  confesses)  "  without  the  know- 
ledge or  consent  of  the  author,  or  of  the  gentleman  to  whom 
it  was  addressed."  In  this  poem  he  wantonly  hazarded  a 
reflection,  Avliich  drew  on  him  the  unrelenting  vengeance  of 
our  satirist.  The  lines  at  which  Churchill  took  offence, 
though  the  application  is  by  no  means  obvious,  were  these : 

What  news  to  day  V — I  ask  you  not  what  rogue. 
What  paltry  imp  of  fortune's  now  in  vogue; 
What  forward  blundering  fooi  was  last  preferr'd, 
By  mere  pretence  distinguish'd  from  the  herd ; 
With  what  new  cheat  the  gaping  town  is  smit; 
What  craztf  scribbler  reigns  the  present  wit ; 
What  stuff  for  winter  the  two  booths  have  mixt, 
What  bouncing  mimic  grows  a  Roscius  next. 
Annstrong,  it  may  be  acknowledged,  had  thus  given  the 
first  cause  of  offence,  but  the  retaliation  was  unjustifiably 
severe ;  he  was  incapable  of  the  crime  with  which  he  is  charg- 
ed, and  the  imputation  of  ingratitude,  originating  in  some 
pecuniary  obligations  he  had  formerly  been  under  to  Wilkes, 
does  not  apply  to  the  character  of  Armstrong,  who  always 
acknowledged  the  obligation,   and  sincerely  lamented  the 
first  interruption  and  consequent  dissolution  of  their  friend- 
ship, as  solely  atti-ibutable  to  the  malign  influence  they  were 
both  under  of  the  demon  of  party.     An  allusion  is  also  made 
by  Churchill  to  a  poem  of  the  doctor's,  entitled  "  Benevolence, 
an  Epistle  to  Eumenes,"  which,  though  too  satirical  for  such  a 


THE   JOURNEY.  309 

Where  all,  but  barren  labour  was  forgot, 
And  the  vain  stiffness  of  a  letter'd  Scot ; 
Let  them  with  Armstrong  pass  the  term  of  light, 


subject,  is  written  with  much  spirited  conciseness,  and  con- 
taius  a  lively  representation  of  character,  couched  in  language 
of  much  sprightliness  and  wit. 

He  also  wrote  "  Taste,  a  Poem,"  and  "  Sketches  or  Essays 
on  various  subjects,  in  two  parts,"  under  the  name  of  Lancelot 
Temple,  Esq.  in  which  it  was  generally  understood  that  he 
had  been  assisted  by  Jlr.  Wilkes. 

As  Day  is  not  to  be  found  among  the  collection  of  Arm- 
strong's poems  in  general  circulation,  we  will,  for  the  amuse- 
ment of  the  reader,  extract  from  it  the  following  dissuasive 
against  the  use  of  port,  a  liquor  then  first  coming  into  general 
use  as  the  staple  after-dinner  beverage : 

Amid  your  careless  glee 


You'll  swallow  port  one  time  for  cote  rotie: 
But  you,  aware  of  the  Lethean  flood. 
Will  scarce  repeat  the  dose;  forbid  you  should! 
'Tis  such  a  deadly  foe  to  all  that's  bright, 
'Twould  soon  encumber  e'en  your  fancy's  flight; 
And  if  'tis  true,  what  some  wise  preacher  says, 
That  we  our  generous  ancestors  disgi-ace, 
The  fault  from  this  pernicious  fountain  flows, 
Hence  half  our  follies,  half  our  crimes  and  woes; 
And  ere  our  maudlin  genius  mounts  again, 
'Twill  cause  a  sea  of  claret  and  champagne 
Of  this  retarding  glue  to  rinse  the  nation's  brain. 
The  mud-fed  carp  refines  among  the  springs. 
And  time  and  Burgundy  might  do  great  things, 
But  health  and  pleasure  we  for  trade  despise. 
For  Portugal's  grudged  gold  our  genius  dies. 
0  hapless  race !  0  land  to  be  bewail'd ! 
With  murders,  treasons,  horrid  deaths,  appall' d, 
Where  dark-red  skies  with  livid  thunders  frown 
While  earth  convulsive  shakes  her  cities  do'svn; 


310  THE   JOURNEY. 

But  not  one  hour  of  darkness :  Mhen  the  night 
Suspends  this  mortal  coil,  when  memory  wakes, 
When  for  our  past  misdoings,  conscience  takes 
A  deep  revenge,  when,  by  reflection  led, 
She  draAvs  his  curtains,  and  looks  comfort  dead. 
Let  every  muse  be  gone  ;  in  vain  he  turns,        155 
And  tries  to  pray  for  sleep  ;  an  iEtna  burns, 
A  more  than  JEtna,  in  his  coward  breast, 
And  guilt,  with  vengeance  arm'd,  forbids  him  rest : 

Where  hell  in  heaven's  name  holds  her  impious  court, 
And  the  grape  bleeds  out  that  black  poison,  port: 
Sad  poison  to  themselves,  to  us  still  worse, 
Brew'd  and  rebrew'd,  a  double,  treble  curse. 
Ho-well  says,  "  Portugal  affords  no  wines  worth  transport- 
ing ; "  the  first  importation  of  port  wine  into  England  took  place 
about  the  year  1703,  the  date  of  the  Jlethuen  treaty,  it  being 
then  deemed  impolitic  to  encourage  the  vintage  of  France. 

In  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  January,  1792,  is  inserted 
a  curious  paper,  purporting  to  be  the  substance  of  a  conver- 
sation which  took  place  in  April,  1773,  between  Dr.  Arm- 
strong and  Mr.  Wilkes,  on  the  subject  of  some  personally 
abusive  papers  against  the  doctor,  M'hich  appeared  in  the 
Public  Advertiser,  and  were  generally  attributed  to  the  pen 
of  the  latter.  At  this  interview,  the  parties  reproach  each 
other  with  considerable  asperity  for  their  political  rancour 
and  national  prejudices,  and  conclude  the  dialogue  with  mu- 
tual dissatisfaction.     Dr.  Armstrong  died  in  Sept.  1779. 

The  Ai-t  of  preserving  Health,  though  included  with  Dr. 
Armstrong's  minor  poems  in  several  collections  of  the  British 
poets,  has  not  acquired  that  degree  of  public  favour  which, 
in  our  opinion,  it  merits.  Dr.  Wharton,  in  his  edition  of 
Virgil,  observes,  that  "  to  describe  so  difficult  a  thing  grace- 
fully and  poetically  as  the  effects  of  distemper  on  the  human 
body  was  reserved  for  Dr.  Armstrong,  who  has  nobly  executed 
it."    Among  other  admirable  passages,  the  description  of  the 


THE   JOURNEY.  311 

Though  soft  as  plumage  from  young  Zephyr's  wing, 
His  couch  seems  hard,  and  no  relief  can  bring ; 
Ingratitude  hath  planted  daggers  there 
No  good  man  can  deserve,  no  brave  man  bear. 

Thus,  or  in  any  better  way  they  please. 
With  these  great  men,  or  with  great  men  like 

these. 
Let  them  their  appetite  for  laughter  feed ; 
I  on  my  journey  all  alone  proceed.  les 


ravages  of  the  sweating  sickness,  a.  d.  1485,  is  fraught  with 
truth  and  feeling,  of  which,  in  confirmation,  we  might  quote 
some  pathetic  lines  on  the  effects  of  the  disease,  but  we  will 
confine  ourselves  to  such  only  as  describe  it : 

First  through  the  shoulders,  or  whatever  part 

Was  seized  the  first,  a  fervid  vapour  sprung, 

With  rash  combustion  thence  the  quivering  spark 

Shot  to  the  heart  and  kindled  all  within ; 

And  soon  the  surface  caught  the  spreading  fire. 

Through  all  the  j'ielding  pores  the  melted  blood 

Gush'd  out  in  smoky  sweats,  but  naught  assuaged 

The  torrid  heat  withiu,  nor  aught  relieved 

The  stomach's  anguish.     With  incessant  toil, 

Desperate  of  ease,  impatient  of  their  pain, 

They  toss'd  from  side  to  side.    In  vain  the  stream 

Ran  full  and  clear;  they  buni'd  and  thirsted  still. 

The  restless  arteries  with  rapid  blood 

Beat  strong  and  frequent ;  thick  and  pantingly 

The  breath  was  fetch'd,  and  with  huge  labourings  heaved. 

At  last  a  heavy  pain  oppress'd  the  head; 

A  wild  delirium  came,  their  weeping  friends 

Were  strangers  now,  and  this  no  home  of  theirs. 

Harass'd  with  toil  on  toil,  the  sinking  powers 

Lay  prostrate  and  o'erthrown:  a  ponderous  sleep 

Wrapt  all  the  senses.    So  they  slept  and  died. 


FRAGMENT  OF  A 

DEDICATION  TO  DR.  W.  WARBURTON, 

BISHOP    OK    GLOUCESTER. 

The  manuscript  of  this  unfinished  poem  was  found  amonj;; 
the  few  papers  Churchill  left  behind  him  at  his  death,  and 
appears  to  have  been  intended  by  him  as  the  dedication  of  a 
volume  of  sermons  to  the  learned  prelate,  against  whom  he  on 
all  occasions  aimed  the  most  malignant  shafts  of  satire.  While 
we  sincerely  lament  that  deplorable  infatuation  which  induced 
our  author  thus  to  sidly  his  own  fame,  by  endeavouring,  at 
the  instigation  of  his  profligate  friend,  to  wound  the  character 
of  one  of  the  brightest  ornaments  of  English  literature,  we  can- 
not refuse  our  admiration  to  this  imperfect  poem,  as  the  most 
highly  wrought  of  all  the  author's  works:  the  gi-ave  Cervan- 
tes' mask  of  humour  never  once  falls  off,  and  had  Churchill 
lived  to  complete  these  lines,  it  is  impossible  to  say  bow  far 
the  happy  vein  of  irony  which  pervades  them  might  not  have 
been  carried. 

In  a  former  volume  will  be  found  a  full  account  of  Dr.  Wur- 
burton,  which  will  assist  in  explaining  the  allusions  in  this 
poem,  relative  to  the  bishop's  original  destination,  and  his 
fortunate  connection  with  llr.  Allen  of  Prior  Park. 

Warburton  and  Johnson,  both  objects  of  Churchill's  impo- 
tent attacks,  still  remain  the  Gog  and  Magog  of  English  prose 
literature,  unapproached  and  unapproachable  in  their  univer- 
sal range  of  erudition,  and  as  profound  and  original  thinkers, 
speakers,  and  writers ;  Dr.  Pan-  aflccted  to  imitate  both,  but 
fell  immeasurably  short  of  either. 

Coleridge,  in  one  of  his  essays  in  the  Friend,  the  earliest 
and  best  of  his  prose  works,  has  well  characterized  the  im- 
petuous and  vindictive  tone  of  Warburton's  writings;  of 
■whose  Divine  Legation,  and  the  pamphlets  he  published  in 
support  of  it,  he  says,  "  He  always  seems  to  write  as  if  he 


DEDICATION.  313 

deemed  it  a  duty  of  decorum  to  publish  his  fancies  on  the 
Mosaic  law,  as  the  law  itself  was  delivered,  that  is  in  '  thun- 
ders and  lightnings,'  or  as  if  he  had  applied  to  his  own  book 
instead  of  the  sacred  mount :  There  shall  not  a  hand  touch 
it,  but  he  shall  surely  be  stoned  or  shot  through." 

As  to  the  authenticity  of  Churchill's  Sermons,  some  obser- 
vations wUl  be  found  in  a  note  upon  the  poem,  and  we  sub- 
join a  letter  addressed  to  George  Colman,  the  elder,  by  the 
late  Rev.  R.  Shepherd,  Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  and 
one  of  the  early  academical  associates  of  Churchill,  Thorn- 
ton, and  Colman.  He  was  afterwards  archdeacon  of  Bedford, 
and  was  a  learned,  pious,  and  exemplary  clergyman. 

DEAR  siK,  Brighton,  Sept.  27, 1765. 

YouK  favour  was  sent  to  me  to  this  place,  having  first  laid 
some  time  in  Duke  Sti'eet,  or  you  would  have  received  an 
earlier  answer  to  your  inquiries  concerning  the  genuineness 
of  Churchill's  sermons.  He  used  laughingly  to  say  they  were 
none  of  his:  whose  they  were,  the  public,  if  they  could, 
might  find  out.  I  always  suspected  them  to  have  been 
compilations,  and  compilations  of  his  father's :  for  he  him- 
self, I  am  persuaded,  would  not  have  submitted  to  that  kind 
of  drudgei-y:  they  would  either  have  been  his  own,  or  tran- 
scripts had  they  been  entirely  from  his  own  desk,  and  accord- 
ingly some  of  them  have  been  said  to  be  transcripts  from  a 
Dr.  Stephenson;  bi;t  I  have  never  given  myself  the  trouble  to 
inquire  minutely  mto  the  truth  of  such  a  report.  If  I  should 
in  future  have  an  opportunity  of  looking  into  such  an  author, 
your  inquiry  will  induce  me  not  to  pass  it  bj'.     Yours  truly, 

R.  Shepherd. 

The  greater  portion  of  the  few  comments  written  by  Wilkes 
on  Churchill's  poems  were  notes  on  this  Dedication  to  War- 
burton,  and  not  notes  on  Warburton,  as  Lord  Brougham 
en-oneously  calls  them  in  his  hasty  and  consequently  impei> 
feet  sketch  of  the  character  of  Wilkes. 


DEDICATION. 

Health    to   great   Glo'stcr — from   a   man   un- 
known, 
Who  holds  thy  liealth  as  dearly  as  his  own, 
Accept  this  greeting — nor  let  modest  fear 
Call  up  one  maiden  blush — I  mean  not  here 
To  wound  with  flattery,  'tis  a  villain's  art,  5 

And  suits  not  with  the  frankness  of  my  heart. 
Truth  best  becomes  an  orthodox  divine, 
And,  spite  of  hell,  that  character  is  mine : 
To  speak  e'en  bitter  truths  I  cannot  fear  ; 
But  truth,  my  Lord,  is  panegyric  here.  10 

Health  to  great  Glo'ster — nor,  through  love  of 
ease, 
"Which  all  priests  love,  let  this  address  displease. 
I  ask  no  favour,  not  one  note  I  crave, 
And  when  this  busy  brain  rests  in  the  grave, 
(For  till  that  time  it  never  can  have  rest)  is 

I  will  not  trouble  you  with  one  request. 
Some  humbler  friend,  my  mortal  journey  done, 
More  near  in  blood,  a  nephew  or  a  son, 

13  The  readers  of  Pope  and  Shakspeare  can  best  appre- 
ciate the  forbearance  of  our  author,  in  declining  the  benefit  of 
the  Doctor's  notes.  Churchill  had  already  expressed  his 
sense  of  any  such  intended  obligation : 

"  Nor  soul-gall' d  Bishop  damn  me  with  a  note.''^ 

Candidate. 


DEDICATION.  315 

In  that  dread  hour  executor  I'll  leave, 

For  I,  alas  !  have  many  to  receive,  20 

To  give,  but  little. — To  great  Glo'ster  health ; 

Nor  let  thy  true  and  proper  love  of  wealth 

Here  take  a  false  alarm — in  purse  though  poor, 

In  spirit  I'm  right  proud,  nor  can  endure 

The  mention  of  a  bribe — thy  pocket's  free  :         25 

I,  though  a  dedicator,  scorn  a  fee. 

Let  thy  own  offspring  all  thy  fortunes  share ; 

I  would  not  Allen  rob,  nor  Allen's  heir. 

25  The  reverend  emissary  who  waited  on  Churchill,  on  the 
behalf  of  a  noble  lord,  soon  after  the  advertisement  of  his 
intended  poem  of  Ayliffe's  Ghost,  could  alone  properly  ex- 
plain this  passage.  The  untimely  death  of  the  poet  deprived 
us  of  that  elegy,  but  his  lordship  was  convinced  at  last,  that 
everj'  man  has  not  his  price.     See  Vol.  ii.  p.  43. 

28  The  active  benevolence  of  Mr.  Allen  is  celebrated  by 
Pope  in  these  lines : 

"  Let  low-born  Allen,  with  an  awkward  shame, 
Do  good  by  stealth,  and  blush  to  find  it  fame." 

In  the  subsequent  editions  of  his  works,  Pope  substituted 
the  epithet  of  humble  for  that  of  low-born,  and  in  a  letter  to 
Mr.  AUen  mentions  the  alteration  as  having  taken  place, 
merely  because  he  sincerely  thought  it  more  appropriate,  and 
that  it  was  his  wish  that  the  public  should  be  satisfied  that  it 
was  not  made  at  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Allen  or  of  any  of  his 
friends.  Warburton,  in  his  notes  upon  nearly  every  word  of 
the  above  quotation,  takes  the  opportunity  of  exalting  the 
character  of  his  patron,  whom  he  represents  Pope  as  consi- 
dering to  be  "  in  fact  all  and  much  more  than  he  had  feigned 
in  the  imaginary  virtues  of  the  Man  of  Boss.  One,  who, 
■whether  he  be  considered  in  his  civil,  social,  domestic,  or 
religious  capacity,  is  an  ornament  to  human  nature."    In  a 


316  DEDICATION. 

Think  not,  a  tlioiij^lit  lunvorthy  tliy  great  soul, 
Which  pomps  of  this  world  never  could  control, 
Which  )iever  ofFer'd  up  at  Power's  vain  shrine, 
Think  not  that  pomp  and  power  can  work  on  mine. 
'Tis  not  thy  name,  though  that  indeed  is  great, 
'Tis  not  the  tinsel  trumpery  of  state, 
'Tis  not  thy  title,  Doctor  though  thou  art,  35 

'Tis  not  thy  mitre,  which  hath  won  my  heart. 
State  is  a  farce  ;  names  are  but  empty  things, 
Degrees  are  bought,  and,  by  mistaken  kings, 
Titles  are  oft'  misplaced  ;  mitres,  which  shine 
So  bright  in  other  eyes,  are  dull  in  mine,  « 

Unless  set  off  by  virtue ;  who  deceives 
Under  the  sacred  sanction  of  lawn  sleeves 
Enhances  guilt,  commits  a  double  sin  ; 
So  fair  without,  and  yet  so  foul  within. 
'Tis  not  thy  outward  form,  thy  easy  mien,  45 

Thy  sweet  complacency,  thy  brow  serene. 
Thy  open  front,  thy  love-commanding  eye. 
Where  fifty  cupids,  as  in  ambush,  lie, 

note  in  a  former  volume,  we  mentioned  the  noble  fortune  he 
justly  earned  by  his  suggestion  of  cross-posts,  and  which  is 
thus  adverted  to  in  an  official  report  on  the  Post-office  re- 
venue, previous  to  the  recent  revolution  in  that  department : 
"  The  year  1720  was  distinguished  by  a  new  reform  in  the 
Post-office  arrangement;  this  was  the  improvement  of  the 
cross-posts  by  Mr.  Allen,  who  farmed  them  at  a  certain  sum, 
with  the  understanding  that  whatever  new  profits  might  be 
realized  by  his  plans,  should  be  his  own  during  his  lifetime. 
It  is  stated,  that  he  was  so  successful  in  his  schemes,  as  to 
make  an  average  profit  of  nearly  £12,000  a  year,  during 
forty-two  yeai-s." 


DEDICATION.  317 

Which  can  from  sixty  to  sixteen  impart 
The  force  of  Love,  and  point  his  blunted  dart ;    so 
'Tis  not  thy  face,  though  that  by  nature's  made 
An  index  to  thy  soul ;  though  there  display'd 
We  see  thy  mind  at  large,  and  through  thy  skin 
Peeps  out  that  courtesy  which  dwells  within ; 
'Tis  not  thy  birth,  for  that  is  low  as  mine,  ss 

Around  our  heads  no  lineal  glories  shine 

But  what  is  birth, — when  to  delight  mankind. 
Heralds  can  make  those  arms  they  cannot  find, 
When  thou  art  to  thyself,  thy  sire  unknown, 
A  whole  Welsh  genealogy  alone  ?  eo 

No  ;  'tis  thy  inward  man,  thy  proper  worth, 
Thy  right  just  estimation  here  on  earth. 
Thy  life  and  doctrine  uniformly  join'd,         [mind, 
And  flowing  from  that  wholesome   source,  thy 
Thy  kno\^Ti  contempt  of  persecution's  rod,  ss 

Thy  charity  for  man,  thy  love  of  God, 
Thy  faith  in  Christ,  so  well  approved  'mongstmen, 
Which  now  give  life  and  utterance  to  my  pen. 
Thy  virtue,  not  thy  rank,  demands  my  lays ; 
'Tis  not  the  Bishop,  but  the  Saint,  I  praise  :        to 
Raised  by  that  theme,  I  soar  on  wings  more  strong, 
And  burst  forth  into  praise  withheld  too  long. 

Much  did  I  wish,  e'en  whilst  I  kept  those  sheep 
Which,  for  my  curse,  I  was  ordain'd  to  keep, 
Ordain'd,  alas  !  to  keep  through  need,  not  choice, 


75  Churchill  succeeded  his  father  in  the  curacy  and  lec- 
tureship of  St.  John  the  Evangelist,  Westminster;  his  con- 


318  DEDICATION. 

Those  sheep  which  never  heard  their  shepherd's 

voice,  76 

Which  did  not  know,  yet  Avould  not  learn  their 

way, 
Which  stray'd  themselves,  yet  grieved  that  I  should 

stray ; 
Those  sheep  which  my  good  father  (on  his  bier 
Let  filial  duty  drop  the  pious  tear)  so 

Kept  well,  yet  starved  himself,  e'en  at  that  time 

duct  there  was  for  some  time  exemplary,  but  latterly,  the 
complete  dereliction  of  his  duty  justly  incurred  the  displeasure 
of  his  parishioners,  who  complained  to  his  diocesan  of  his 
excesses,  upon  which  Churchill,  in  January,  1763,  resigned 
his  situation,  and  with  it  the  dress,  the  last  remaining  badge 
of  his  clerical  function. 

^">  "i^  In  the  author's  first  manuscript  these  lines  stood 
thus: 

Which,  accents  of  rebuke  could  never  bear, 

Nor  would  have  heeded  Christ,  had  Christ  been  there. 

83  Churchill's  sermons,  which  form  the  fourth  volume  of 
the  edition  of  his  works,  published  by  Flexney  in  1774,  afford 
specimens  amply  sufficient  to  establish  the  truth  of  the  assertion 
contained  in  this  line,  and  leave  us  no  room  to  question  the 
soporific  tendency  of  our  author's  sacred  oratory.  Dr.  Kippis, 
in  the  Biographia  Britannica,  though  completely  misinformed 
as  to  the  fact  of  their  publication,  and  probably  unfounded 
in  his  doubts  of  Chiirchill  being  their  author,  is  critically 
correct  in  the  judgment  he  pronounces  upon  them,  "with 
respect  to  the  sermons,  which  are  ten  in  number,  two  upon 
the  nature  of  prayer  in  general,  and  eight  upon  our  Lord's 
prayer,  there  certainly  could  be  no  other  reason  for  publish- 
ing them,  than  to  obtain  the  benefit  of  a  large  subscription. 
The  present  Biographer,  that  he  might  be  able  to  form  an 
exact  judgment,  hath,  with  exemplary  patience,  read  them 


DEDICATION.  319 

Whilst  I  was  pure  and  innocent  of  rhyme, 
Whilst,  sacred  dullness  ever  in  my  view, 
Sleep  at  my  bidding  crept  from  pew  to  pew. 
Much  did  I  wish,  though  little  could  I  hope,       ss 
A  friend  in  him  who  was  the  friend  of  Pope. 

His  hand,  said  I,  my  youthful  steps  shall  guide. 
And  lead  me  safe  where  thousands  fall  beside  ; 
His  temper,  his  experience,  shall  control. 
And  hush  to  peace  the  tempest  of  my  soul ;        w 

all;  and  he  is  obliged  to  pronounce  concerning  them,  that 
they  are  written  with  an  uniform  mediocrity,  and  if  he  were 
to  add  dulhiess,  he  would  not  be  far  from  the  truth.  There 
is  no  animation  in  the  discourses ;  nor  could  a  single  passage 
be  selected  from  them,  which  displays  the  fire  of  genius,  or 
the  force  of  imagination.  The  sentiments  are  practical  and 
not  usually  to  be  found  fault  with ;  but  there  is  not  a  thought 
that  is  new,  or  which  indicates  any  peculiar  strength  of  con- 
ception. The  style  is  perspicuous  without  the  least  preten- 
sions to  elegance.  There  is  a  dull  formality  in  it,  and  we 
often  meet  with  the  words,  thereto,  therefrom,  herefr&m, 
whereof,  hereunto,  and  others  of  a  like  kind.  The  sermons 
have  all  the  air  as  if  they  had  been  composed  by  some  plain 
clergjTnan  in  the  beginning  of  the  century.  On  the  whole, 
we  have  no  idea  that  ]\Ir.  Churchill  was  the  author  of  them; 
for  surely  whatever  came  from  his  pen  must  have  manifested 
some  traces  of  the  natural  vigour  and  acuteness  of  his  mind. 
He  probably  found  them  in  his  father's  closet."  Judging 
from  internal  evidence,  we  might  conclude  with  Dr.  Kippis 
against  the  probability  of  our  satirist  having  been  the  author 
of  these  sennons,  had  we  not  the  authority  of  his  brother  for 
asserting  them  to  be  his  composition.  They  were  written 
before  the  appearance  of  the  Rosciad,  but  were  not  published 
until  after  that,  and  other  poems,  had  established  the  author's 
reputation.  Churchill  sold  them  to  Messrs.  Flexney  and 
Kearsley  for  £250 ;  Dr.  Kippis,  in  consequence  of  following 


320  DEDICATION. 

His  judgment  teach  me,  from  the  critic  school, 
How  not  to  err,  and  how  to  err  by  rule  ; 
Instruct  me,  mingle  profit  with  delight, 
Where  Pope  was  wrong,  where  Shakspeare  was 

not  right  ; 
Where  they  are  justly  praised,  and  where  through 

whim  95 

How  little's  due  to  them,  how  much  to  him. 

our  author's  anonymous  biographers,  has  erroneously  stated 
that  they  were  published  by  subscription,  and  has  committed 
many  other  mistakes  ;  he  took  the  materials  as  they  lay 
before  him,  and  which  he  had  a  right  to  suppose  authentic, 
as  they  had  never,  in  a  series  of  twenty  years,  been  publicly 
contradicted. 

Li  a  contemporary  journal  we  find  the  following  verses, 
rather  than  poetrj',  on  reading  the  sermons  of  ilr.  C.  Churchill : 

When  death,  the  ten*or  of  the  brave  and  fair, 
Bade  wanton  Wilmot  for  his  end  prepare, 
He  sought  his  god  by  penitence  and  prayer, 
To  minds  infected  brought  a  timely  aid, 
And  suck'd  the  poison  from  those  wounds  he  made.     . 
Churchill  contrived  to  leave  a  volume  fraught 
With  antidotes  to  all  his  life  had  taught. 
Within  the  tomb  his  sad  remains  abide, 
Enquire  not  how  he  lived,  or  how  he  died ; 
Since  earth  from  him  has  claim'd,  and  had  her  due. 
Be  all  his  sins  and  follies  buried  too. 
These  are  the  works  M-hich  now  he'd  gladly  own, 
By  these  now  wishes  only  to  be  known. 
^        Wilkes,  let  his  lines  thy  sober  hours  engage. 

Think  thou  must  die,  peruse  the  instructive  page, 
Whence  thirst  of  pleasure,  fame,  revenge  is  fled. 
Where  every  love  but  that  of  God  is  dead. 
'Tis  Churchill  calls,  his  sei-mons  thou  shouldst  read, 
And  Churchill  thus  may  prove  thy  friend  indeed. 


h 


DEDICATION,  321 

Raised  'bove  the  slavery  of  common  rules, 
Of  common-sense,  of  modern,  ancient,  schools, 
Those  feelings  banish'd  which  mislead  us  all, 
Fools  as  we  are,  and  which  we  Nature  call,        loo 
He  by  his  great  example  might  impart 
A  better  something,  and  baptize  it  Art ; 
He,  all  the  feelings  of  my  youth  forgot. 
Might  shew  me  what  is  taste  by  what  is  not ; 
By  him  supported  with  a  proper  pride,  loi 

I  might  hold  all  mankind  as  fools  beside ; 
He  (should  a  world,  perverse  and  peevish  grown, 
Explode  his  maxims  and  assert  their  own) 
Might  teach  me,  like  himself,  to  be  content, 
And  let  their  folly  be  their  punishment ;  no 

Might,  like  himself,  teach  his  adopted  son, 
'Gainst  all  the  world,  to  quote  a  Warburton. 
Fool  that  I  was !  could  I  so  much  deceive 
My  soul  with  lying  hopes  ?  could  I  believe 

112  The  literary  tyranny  assuihed  and  exercised  by  War- 
burton  and  liis  disciples  could  not  be  exceeded,  and  lias  never 
been  equalled  since  the  days  of  the  Scaligers,  the  learned 
pedants  of  the  16th  centmy.  Hume,  whose  liberality  and 
amenity  of  disposition  rendered  him  a  perfect  contrast  to  these 
sturdy  dogmatists,  thus  characterizes  their  style  of  criticism : 
"  In  this  interval,  I  published,  at  London,  my  Natural  History 
of  Religion,  along  with  some  other  small  pieces.  Its  public 
entry  was  rather  obscure,  except  only  that  Dr.  Hurd  wrote 
a  pamphlet  against  it,  with  all  the  illiberal  petulance,  aiTO- 
gance,  and  scurrility,  which  distinguish  the  Warburtonian 
school.  This  pamphlet  gave  me  some  consolation  for  the 
otherwise  indifferent  reception  of  my  performance." — Hume's 
Memoirs  of  his  own  Life. 

VOL.    III.  21 


322  DEDICATION. 

That  he,  the  servant  of  his  Maker  sworn,  "s 

The  servant  of  his  Saviour,  Would  be  torn 
From  their  embrace,  and  leave  that  dear  employ, 
The  cure  of  souls,  his  duty  and  his  joy, 
For  toys  like  mine,  and  waste  his  precious  time, 
On  which  so  much  depended,  for  a  rhyme  ?        120 
Sliould  he  forsake  the  task  he  undertook. 
Desert  his  flock,  and  break  his  pastoral  crook  ? 
Should  he  (forbid  it.  Heaven !)  so  high  in  place, 
So  rich  in  knowledge,  quit  the  work  of  grace, 
And,  idly  wandering  o'er  the  Muses'  hill,  la 

Let  the  salvation  of  mankind  stand  still  ? 


131  On  the  15th  of  November,  1703,  the  Bistiop  of  Gloucester 
made  a  complaint,  in  the  House  of  Lords,  ap;ainst  Jlr.  Wilkes 
for  breach  of  privilege  in  putting  the  name  of  Warburton  to 
a  variety  of  notes  upon  the  Essay  on  Woman.  The  Bishop, 
■with  great  warmth,  laying  his  hand  upon  his  heart,  declared 
that  he  did  not  write  any  one  of  thcni,  and  called  his  God  to 
witness  the  truth  of  his  assertion;  in  his  opinion,  he  said,  no 
one  except  the  devil  could  be  the  author  of  this  atrocious 
publication,  but,  added  he,  after  a  pause,  "  1  beg  the  devil's 
pardon,  for  I  do  not  think  even  him  capable  of  so  infamous 
a  production." 

The  poetical  part  of  the  work,  which  is  a  parody  on  Pope's 
Essay  on  Man,  was  written  by  Wilkes,  the  notes  were  sup- 
plied by  his  friend  Potter  (a  short  account  of  whom  will  be 
found  in  our  first  volume,  p.  230.)  Wilkes  caused  this  poem 
to  be  printed  at  his  own  press,  in  Great  George  Street,  but 
permitted  only  twelve  copies  to  be  sti-uck  off,  and  while  they 
were  in  progress  he  was  always  present,  and  took  every 
possible  precaution  to  prevent  any  one  in  the  office  from 
taking  a  copy.  But  notwithstanding  all  his  care,  two  or  three 
copies  were  stolen  by  his  workmen,  and  these  were  shewn  as 
papers  of  curiosity  to  other  printers.     At  length  a  few  pages 


DEDICATION.  323 

Far,  far  be  that  from  thee — yes,  far  from  thee 
Be  such  revolt  from  grace,  and  far  from  me 
The  Tvill  to  think  it — guilt  is  in  the  thought — 
Not  so,  not  so,  hath  "VYarburton  been  taught,      i3o 
Not  so  learn'd  Christ — recall  that  day,  -well  known. 
When  (to  maintain  God's  honour — and  his  own) 
He  call'd  blasphemers  forth — methinks  I  now 
See  stern  rebuke  enthroned  on  his  brow, 
And  arm'd  with  tenfold  terrors — ^from  his  tongue, 
Where  fiery  zeal  and  Christian  fury  hung,  isa 

Methinks  I  hear  the  deep-toned  thunders  roll, 
And  chill  with  horror  every  sinner's  soul, 

fell  into  the  hands  of  one  Hassell,  a  workman  in  the  employ- 
ment of  Faden,  a  printer  in  Fleet  Street.  This  man,  and  his 
master,  -were  said  to  be  indefatigable  in  their  endeavours  to 
coiTupt  the  printers  in  Mr.  Wilkes's  house,  in  order  to  get  the 
remainder.  To  one  man  five  guineas  were  given,  but  he 
could  not  serve  them.  At  length,  however,  they  fixed  upon 
one  Curry,  another  of  Wilkes's  workmen,  who,  after  a  short 
negotiation,  supplied  their  wants,  and  became  the  principal 
witness  in  the  subsequent  proceedings  against  Wilkes.  The 
few  pages  which  Faden  had  already  obtained,  he,  in  the 
meantime  had  shewn  to  Kidgell,  at  that  time  chaplain  to 
Lord  March,  and  that  pious  clergj-man  was  so  shocked  with 
the  obscenity  contained  in  them,  that  he  was  exceedingly 
desirous  "if  such  a  thing  was  possible,  of  obtaining  the 
remainder  of  the  work,"  and,  in  that  case,  it  was  first  agreed 
upon  between  them  to  reprint  the  poem,  with  notes  by  Mr. 
Kidgell,  in  a  series  of  letters  in  the  Public  Ledger,  of  which 
•paper  Faden  was  the  editor.  But  on  more  deliberate  re- 
flection, they  wisely  apprehended  greater  emolument  might 
be  derived  from  it,  by  ofTering  it  to  government  in  aid  of  the 
prosecution  then  pending  against  Mr.  Wilkes.  With  this 
view,  Kidgell  communicated  the  sheets  to  his  patron,  Lord 


324  DICDICATION. 

In  vain  they  strive  to  fly — flight  cannot  save, 
And  Potter  trembles  even  in  his  grave —  no 

"With  all  the  conscious  pritle  of  innocence 
Methinks  I  hear  him  in  his  own  defence. 
Bear  witness  to  himself,  whilst  all  men  knew, 
By  gospel  rules  his  witness  to  be  true. 

0  gloxMOUS  man !  thy  zeal  I  must  commend. 
Though  it  deprived  me  of  my  dearest  friend, 
The  real  motives  of  my  anger  known, 
Wilkes  must  the  justice  of  that  anger  own ; 
And,  could  thy  bosom  have  been  bared  to  view, 
Pitied  himself,  in  turn  had  pitied  you.  iso 

Bred  to  the  law,  you  wisely  took  the  gown, 

March,  who  hiid  them  before  the  Secretaries  of  State,  and  on 
the  29th  of  January,  1764,  the  Ivirl  of  Sandwich  made  a 
formal  complaint  in  the  House  of  Lords,  "that  Mr.  Wilkes 
had  violated  the  most  sacred  ties  of  religion,  as  well  as 
decency,  by  printing  in  his  own  house  a  book  or  pamphlet, 
entitled  an  Essay  on  Woman,  with  notes  or  remarks,  to  which 
the  n^ame  of  a  Eight  Reverend  Prelate  had  been  scurrilously 
atExed."  The  House,  without  hesitation,  voted  an  address 
to  his  Majesty  to  order  a  prosecution  to  be  instituted  against 
the  author,  Mr.  Wilkes.  The  proceedings  to  conviction,  and 
afterwai-ds  to  outlawry,  in  consequence  of  his  absconding  to 
France,  are  well  known,  and  have  been  already  noticed ;  it  is, 
however,  but  fair  to  remark,  that,  if  the  work  had  been  ten 
thousand  times  worse  than  it  was,  it  would  yet  fall  short  in 
infamy  to  the  traitorous  methods  employed  to  bring  it  to  a 
pi'osecution ;  and  Mr.  Wilkes's  own  observation  on  this  matter 
may  have  some  foundation,  that  "if  the  North-Briton  had 
not  appeared,  the  Essay  on  Woman  would  never  have  been 
called  in  question." 

Kidgell  was  very  discreditably  entangled  in  this  business, 
and  forfeited  all  the  little  claim  he  ever  possessed  to  respect- 


DEDICATION.  325 

AVhich  I,  like  Demas,  foolishly  laid  down ; 
Hence  double  strength  our  Holy  Mother  drew, 
Me  she  got  rid  of,  and  made  prize  of  you. 
T,  like  an  idle  truant  fond  of  play,  iss 

Doting  on  toys,  and  throwing  gems  away. 
Grasping  at  shadows,  let  the  substance  slip ; 
But  you,  my  lord,  renounced  attorneyship 
With  better  purpose,  and  more  noble  aim, 
And  wisely  play'd  a  more  substantial  game :      iso 
Nor  did  Law  mourn,  bless'd  in  her  younger  son, 
For  Mansfield  does  what  Glo'ster  would  have  done. 
Doctor !  Dean !  Bishop !  Glo'ster !  and  my  Lord, 
If  haply  these  high  titles  may  accord 
With  thy  meek  spirit ;  if  the  barren  sound 

ability  of  character  bj-  publisliing,  in  vindication  of  himself, 
a  nan-ative  of  the  transaction,  in  language  nearly  as  obscene 
as  the  publication  it  was  intended  to  expose;  this  narrative 
was  ingeniously  answered  and  refuted  by  Wilkes,  in  a  letter 
to  the  reverend  author,  under  the  assumed  signature  of  "^ 
Heal  Friend  to  Religion  and  to  Justice." 

1*6  In  consequence  of  the  proceedings  taken  against  him 
relative  to  the  Essay  on  Woman,  Wilkes  was  under  the  ne- 
cessity of  withdrawing  to  France  for  a  time,  and  during  his 
residence  at  Paris  appears  to  have  paid  a  visit  to  Horace 
Walpole,  then  there,  and  who  gives  this  account  of  the  inter- 
view :  "  He  was  very  civil,  but  I  cannot  say  entertained  me 
much.  He  has  certainly  one  merit,  notwithstanding  the 
bitterness  of  his  pen ;  that  is,  he  has  no  rancour,  not  even 
against  Sandwich,  of  whom  he  talked  with  the  utmost  tem- 
per. He  shewed  me  some  of  his  notes  on  Churchill's  works, 
but  they  contain  little  more  than  one  note  on  each  poem,  to 
explain  the  subject  of  it." 

150  "  Seriously  my  Lord  of  Gloucester  is  to  be  pitied." 

Waebukton's  Fqpe,  Vol.  iv.  p.  193,  note. 


326  DEDICATION. 

Of  pride  delights  thee  to  the  topmost  round 
OF  Fortune's  hxdder  got,  despise  not  one 
For  want  of  smooth  hypocrisy  undone, 
Who,  far  below,  turns  up  his  wondering  eye, 
And,  without  envy,  sees  thee  placed  so  high :     no 
Let  not  thy  brain  (as  brains  less  potent  might) 
Dizzy,  confounded,  giddy  with  the  height, 
Turn  round,  and  lose  distinction,  lose  her  skill 
And  wonted  powers  of  knowing  good  from  ill, 
Of  sifting  truth  from  falsehood,  friends  from  foes, 
Let  Glo'stcr  well  remember  how  he  rose,  ns 

Nor  turn  his  back  on  men  who  made  him  great ; 
Let  him  not,  gorged  with  power,  and  drunk  with 

state, 
Forget  what  once  he  was,  though  now  so  high, 
How  low,  how  mean,  and  full  as  poor  as  I.         'so 


Ccetera  desunt. 


LINES  WRITTEN  IN  WINDSOR  PARK. 

These  verses  appeared,  with  Churchill's  name  to  them,  in 
the  London  Magazine  for  1765,  and  there  is  no  reason  to 
doubt  their  being  genuine,  which  is  far  from  being  the  case 
with  respect  to  several  lines  ascribed  to  him  in  the  Foundling 
Hospital  for  wit,  and  several  other  miscellaneous  collections : 

When  Pope  to  Satire  gave  its  lawful  way, 
And  made  the  Nimrods  of  Mankind  his  prey ; 
When  haughty  Windsor  heard  through  every  wood 
Their  shame,  who  durst  be  great,  yet  not  be  good; 
Who,  drunk  with  power,  and  with  ambition  blind, 
Slaves  to  themselves,  and  monsters  to  mankind, 
Sinking  the  man,  to  magnify  the  prince, 
Were  heretofore,  what  Stuarts  have  been  since : 
Could  he  have  look'd  into  the  womb  of  time. 
How  might  his  spirit  in  prophetic  rhyme. 
Inspired  by  virtue,  and  for  freedom  bold. 
Matters  of  different  impoi-t  have  foretold!  * 
How  might  his  muse,  if  any  muse's  tongue 
Could  equal  such  an  argument,  have  sung 
One  William,!  who  makes  all  mankind  his  care, 
And  shines  the  saviour  of  his  country  there ! 
One  William,  who  to  every  heart  gives  law; 
The  son  of  George,  the  image  of  Nassau ! 

*  Pope  would  have  foretold  no  such  thing,  if  we  may  judge 
from  the  following  couplet  in  honour  of  Queen  Anne,  and 
her  family : 

Eich  industry  sits  smiling  on  the  plains, 
And  peace  and  plenty  tells  a  Stuart  reigns. 

t  William,  Duke  of  Cumberland,  bom  in  1721,  among 
his  other  high  oflBces,  held  that  of  ranger  and  keeper  of 
Windsor  Great  Park ;  while  his  more  familiar  appellation,  as 


328 

recorded  by  both  Sir  C.  IT.  Williams,  and  Horace  Walpolc, 
was  Nolkcjuinskoi,  but  why  or  wherefore  he  was  so  called, 
they  have  not  condescended  to  inform  us.  He  was  the  hero 
and  the  leader  of  tlie  Whigs,  in  their  opposition  to  the  Bute 
faction,  while  his  victory  and  alleged  severities  at  Culloden, 
made  him  particularly  obnoxious  to  the  Scotch  of  all  parties. 
He  had  previously  distinguished  himself  at  the  Battle  of  Det- 
tingen,  but  was  not  equally  successful  in  Flanders,  in  1747, 
owing  to  some  variance  between  him  and  the  Prince  of 
Orange,  who  was,  as  Mr.  Pelham  said,  assimiing,  pedantic, 
rationating,  and  tenacious ;  while  our  young  hero,  was  open, 
frank,  resolute,  and  perhaps  hasty.  In  1757,  the  Duke  com- 
manded an  army  of  observation  to  defend  the  Electoral  terri- 
tories, but  being  greatly  out-numbered,  if  not  out-generaled, 
he  aftbrded  the  Tories  a  triumph,  by  his  submitting  to  what 
they  designated  the  shameful  capitulation  of  Closter  Seven ; 
soon  after  which,  he  resigned  all  his  military  employments, 
and  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life  in  retirement  and  rural 
improvements.  He  died  suddenly  in  his  house  in  Upper 
Grosvenor  Street,  in  October,  1765.  He  is  represented  as 
possessing  a  very  good  understanding,  a  quick  apprehension, 
and  a  very  attractive  way  of  delivering  his  own  sentiments, 
while  he  was  equally  engaging  and  agreeable  in  listening  to 
those  of  others. 

He  had  the  additional  merit,  in  contradistinction  to  his 
almost  imbecile  elder  brother,  Frederic,  of  evincing  an  im- 
plicit and  apparently  genuine  feeling  of  filial  obedience  to, 
and  reverence  for,  his  father ;  and  deserved  and  at  the  same 
time  enjoyed  the  affectionate  confidence  of  his  exemplary 
mother.  Queen  Caroline. 

Considered  in  all  his  relations,  military  as  well  as  civil, 
we  think  we  are  doing  no  injustice  to  the  illustrious  house 
of  Hanover,  by  coming  to  the  conclusion  that  William,  Duke 
of  Cumberland,  may  for  talent,  ability,  and  conduct,  be  con- 
sidered as  the  most  distinguished  prince  it  has  produced  since 
its  accession  to  the  British  throne. 


INDEX. 


Aberdeen,  see  Scotch  Uni- 
versities. 

Achilles,  a  play  by  Gay,  iii. 
236. 

Ackman,  an  obscure  actor, 
account  of,  i.  14. 

Actor,  The,  a  poem  by  Robert 
Lloyd,  i.  1,  37. 

Actors,  their  poverty,  i.  8; 
censured  for  inti'oducing 
the  peculiarities  of  a  fa- 
vourite character  into  all 
their  parts,  50;  not  to  be 
estimated  according  to  their 
personal  merits  or  defects, 
86  ;  lively  description  of 
itinerant  companies,  and 
their  mode  of  travelling,  64 ; 
censured  for  their  assumed 
consequence,  and  the  self 
importance  of  their  ma- 
nagers ridiculed,  135. 

Addison,  Joseph,  lines  by,  in 
praise  of  Dryden,  i.  143 ;  his 
ghost  said  to  haunt  Holland 
House,  ii.  292. 

Addresses  on  the  peace  of 
1763 ;  dishonourable  means 
used  to  obtain  them,  i.  247. 

^Esopus,  a  Roman  actor,  his 
immense  fortune,  i.  9 ;  costly 
dish  given  by  him  at  a  feast, 
ib. 

Aldrich,  Rev.  Stephen,  con- 
tributes to  the  exposure  of 
the  Cock  Lane  Ghost,  ii. 
333. 

Alembert,  Mons.  D',  saying  of, 
i.  xciii. 

Allen,  Ralph,  a  correspondent 
of  Pope,  and  the  Allworthy 
of  Fielding's  Tom  Jones,  i. 
43 ;  his  benevolence,  iii.  315. 

Almack's,  Old,  a  noted  Tory 


club  house  in  Pall  JIall,  iii. 
144 ;  the  name  since  trans- 
ferred to  a  coterie  of  female 
noblesse,  held  in  King 
Street,  St.  James's  Square, 
ib. 

Almon,  John,  bookseller,  his 
Memoirs  and  Correspond- 
ence of  Wilkes,  ii.  103 ;  first 
publisher  of  Wilkes's  let- 
ter to  Lord  Temple,  254 ;  iii. 
117. 

Amboyna,  cruelties  of  the 
Dutch  at,  ii.  135. 

Amyand,  George  and  Claud- 
ius, eminent  merchants,  ac- 
count of,  iii.  85-7. 

Annet,  Peter,  put  in  the  pillory 
for  blasphemy,  iii.  25,  106. 

Apicii,  the,  anecdotes  of,  iii. 
228  ;  a  nobleman  stigma- 
tized as  Apicius,  235. 

Apology,  The,  addressed  to  the 
Critical  Reviewers,  prefa- 
tory note  to,  i.  115,  120; 
supplemental  note  on  Gar- 
rick,  146-152. 

Arblav,  Madame  D',  anecdote 
of  br.  Johnson,  from  her 
Diary,  iii.  181. 

Aristocracy,  the  author's  pre- 
ference of  an  absolute  mo- 
narchy to,  i.  Ixxvi. 

Armstrong,  Dr.  John,  excites 
the  resentment  of  Wilkes 
and  Churchill,  iii.  308;  his 
anathema  against  port- 
wine,  809;  his  description 
of  the  sweating  sickness,311. 

Arne,  Dr.  Thomas  Augustine, 
account  of,  i.  73,  74,  75. 

Arrow,  ii.  261,  303.  ■ 

Ariaxerxes,  opera  of,  notice  of, 
i.  76. 


330 


INDEX. 


Arts,  Society  of,  its  origin,  ii. 
305  ;  invidious  reflection 
upon  retutcd,  ib. ;  B.  Tliorn- 
ton's  attempt  to  ridicule  it, 
306. 

Asj!;ill,  Sir  Charles,  carries  up 
the  address  from  the  city  of 
London  to  the  King,  on  the 
peace,  iii.  30. 

Astronomy  and  Astrologj^, 
first  studied  by  the  Chal- 
deans, ii.  220 ;  improved  by 
the  Egyptians,  221  ;  the 
Greeks  ignorant  of,  in  the 
time  of  Herodotus,  223. 

Auditor^  The,  edited  by  Mur- 
phy, an  imposition  practised 
upon,  and  consequent  epi- 
gi-am,  i.  57,  58 ;  anecdote  of 
Wilkes  in,  iii.  162. 

Augurs,  college  of,  ii.  226 ; 
consisted  of  fifteen  persons 
of  the  first  distinction  in 
Rome,  ib. ;  quotation  from 
Hudibras  on  it,  227. 

Augusta,  princess  dowager  of 
Wales,  account  of,  ii.  97, 
104. 

Austin,  an  actor,  account  of, 
i.  51. 

Author,  The,  preliminary  note 
to,  ii.  167. 

AylifF,  John,  account  of,  i.  227 ; 
hung  at  Tyburn,  228 ;  Chur- 
chill's satire  of  Ayliff's 
Ghost,  ib. ;  fragments  of 
this  poem,  255-6 ;  additional 
note  on,  254;  allusion  to,  ii. 
11,  17;  lines  intended  for 
that  satire,  184;  iii.  315. 

Bacon,  Lord  Chancellor,  ii. 
204. 

Baker,  Sirllichard,  chronicler 
of  the  marvellous,  ii.  241. 

Barge,  belonging  to  the  City, 
its  voyage  from  Westmins- 
ter, iii.  59. 

Baron,  the  French  comedian, 
compared  with  Roscius  and 
Garrick,  i.  148. 


Barrow,  Dr.  Isaac,  neglect  of, 
at  the  Restoration,  ii.  134; 
distich  written  by  liim,  ib. 

Bariy,  Spranger,  account  of,  i. 
14,  87,  90,  91 ;  epigrams  on, 
148. 

Barry,  James,  paintings  bv, 
at  the  Society  of  Arts.  ii. 
306. 

Bartholomew  Fair,  duration 
of  abridged,  i.  11. 

Bartsch,  Adam,  his  opinion  of 
Hogarth's  works,  i.  249. 

Battiaul,  The,  a  mock  heroic 
poem  by  Moses  Mendez,  iii. 
118. 

Beard,  John,  Covent  Garden 
Theatre  managed  by,  i.  34; 
account  of,  76. 

Benrdmore,  under-sheriff,  ac- 
count of,  iii.  60. 

Beattie,  Dr.  his  abusive  lines 
on  Churchill,  i.  xlviil. 

Beckford,  Lord  Mayor  of  Lon- 
don, 1762-3,  ii.  325 ;  notice 
of,  342 ;  his  son  the  author 
of  Vatkek,  343. 

Beggar's  Opera,  The,  its  suc- 
cess and  profits,  i.  73. 

Benefit  of  clergy,  origin  of,  iii. 
278. 

Bentham,  Jeremy,  his  unin- 
telligible gibberish,  iii.  107; 
in  the  list  of  sceptics,  ib.  ; 
his  vanity  as  a  codeficator, 
109. 

Berenger,  J.  P.,  Garrick's  ge- 
nerosity to,  i.  147. 

Berkeley,  Colonel  Norbome, 
second  to  Lord  Talbot  in  his 
duel  with  Wilkes,  ii.  101; 
letter  of,  ib. ;  his  pungent 
letter  to  his  constituents,  iii. 
107. 

Betterton,  Thomas,  account 
of,  i.  93,  96;  his  excellence 
as  an  actor,  97 ;  figures  in  a 
picture  by  Hogarth,  ii.  95. 

Billingsgate,  humorous  lines 
on,  li.  350. 

Blacow,  the  informer,  ii.  188. 


INDEX. 


331 


Blakes,  account  of,  i.  54. 

Blackfriars  Bridge,  clamour 
against  its  erection,  iii.  61  ; 
criticised  in  Hawkins's  Life 
of  Dr.  Johnson,  63. 

Blackstone,  Sir  William,  ac- 
count of,  iii.  176. 

Bolingbroke,  Lord,  furnislies 
Pope  witli  tlie  plan  of  liis 
Essay  on  Man,  ii.  157;  in- 
cluded in  the  list  of  scep- 
tics, iii.  107. 

Booth,  Barton,  account  of,  i. 
97. 

Boscawen,  William,  author  of 
a  translation  of  Horace^  ii. 
186  ;  inferior  to  those  of 
Francis  and  Buncombe,  ih. 

Boswell,  James,  his  report  of 
a  conversation  about  Gar- 
rick,  i.  147  ;  anecdote  of 
Warburton  and  Edwards,  ii. 
53. 

Bottle  Conjurer,  The,  adver- 
tisement of,  iii.  119;  refrain 
of  a  ballad  written  on  this 
imposture,  120. 

Bower,  Archibald,  patronized 
by  Lord  Lyttelton,  iii.  265. 

Bow  Street,  Police  Office,  un- 
der the  old  system,  iii.  38. 

Boyce,  William,  the  musician, 
account  of,  ii.  82. 

Boyle,  John,  Earl  of  Orrery, 
his  want  of  candour  in  his 
memoir  of  Swift,  iii.  138; 
Warburton's  animadversion 
upon,  139. 

Boyle,  Robert,  ii.  204. 

Bransby,  account  of,  i.  53. 

Brent,  Miss,  account  of,  i.  75. 

Brie,  Miss,  account  of,  i.  79, 80. 

Bridgeman,  Sir  Henry,  bart, 
M.  P.  moves  that  strangers 
withdraw  from  the  House 
of  Commons,  when  Garrick 
was  in  the  gallery,  i.  149. 

Briefs,  reading  of,  in  churches, 
abolished  in  1828,  ii.  22; 
origin  of,  23 ;  list  of  the  fees' 


Briton,  The,  written  by  Dr. 
Smollett,  in  favour  of  Lord 
Bute's  administration,  i. 
191,  ii.  180. 

Brocklesby,  Dr.,  Wilkes's  hu- 
morous letter  to,  ii.  5. 

Brown,  Rev.  Dr.  John,  ac- 
count of,  iii.  44  ;  anony- 
mous ode  to,  44-7 ;  his  ab- 
surd letters  to  Garrick,  109 ; 
The  Cure  of  Saul,  a  sacred 
ode  by  him,  set  to  music, 
extracts  from  302. 

Browne,  Dr.  William,  mention 
of,  iii.  174. 

Brougham,  Lord,  his  invective 
against  Wilkes,  i.  Ixxxi  ; 
underrates  Junius,  iii.  182; 
error  of,  respecting  Wilkes's 
comments  on  ChurchLll,313. 

Bnice,  James,  or  Abyssinian, 
his  retort  upon  Single- 
speech  Hamilton,  iii.  282. 

Bruce,  Dr.  Samuel,  account 
of,  iii.  114  ;  designated  as 
Crape,  ib. 

Brussels  Gazette,  notorious 
for  its  falsehood,  ii.  309. 

Brutus,  maxim  of,  ii.  130. 

Buckingham,  George  Villiers, 
Duke  of,  raised  to  that  rank 
by  the  perverted  affection 
of  James  L  ii.  124  ;  one 
cause  of  the  unpopularity 
of  Charles  L  ib. ;  Hume's 
character  of,  ib.;  Churchill's 
lines  on,  engraved  on  a 
cup  presented  to  Wilkes, 
125. 

Bulls  and  bears  of  the  Stock 
Exchange,  iii.  80. 

Burke,  Edmund,  his  high 
commendation  of  Garrick 
in  the  House  of  Commons, 
i.  149  ;  his  humorous  re- 
marks on  Lord  Talbot's 
efforts  at  economy  in  the 
royal  kitchen,  iii.  83;  apo- 
thegm of,  in  his  charges 
against  Warren  Hastings, 
126  ;    his    quotation    from 


332 


INDKX. 


Horace  on  Wilkes's  return 
to  Lon<loti,  137  ;  conipli- 
iHcnt  paid  by  liini  to  Glo- 
ver 29B. 

Burnet,  Bishop,  liis  character 
of  King  .lames  I.  ii.  119. 

Burton,  Dr.  his  letter  to 
Wilkes,  iii.  162. 

Busby  and  Birch,  Drs.  effica- 
cv  of  their  classical  tlogging, 
iil  105. 

Butclier-lJow,  a  specimen  of 
old  London,  -wholly  remov- 
ed since  the  publication  of 
the  iii-st  edition,  ii.  232. 

Bute,  Isle  of,  its  dimensions, 
iii.  70. 

Bute,  John,  Earl  of,  opposes 
Mr.  Pitt  and  Lord  Temple 
on  their  proposal  to  go  to 
war  with  Spain,  i.  170;  his 
indiscreet  preference  of  his 
countrymen,  175  ;  patro- 
nizes Smollett,  191 ;  Home, 
author  of  Douglas,  his  pro- 
tege, 194;  his  party  style 
themselyes  "  the  King's 
Friends,"  208;  vindicates 
the  peace  of  1763,  209 ;  his 
admiiustration  commences 
1762,  terminates  1763,  233 ; 
ii.  17 ;  liis  influence  alluded 
to  in  Canning's  epistle,  75, 
97, 105 ;  Wilkes's  apprehen- 
sion of  his  influence,  as  the 
foundation  of  a  power  be- 
hind the  thi-one,  166  ;  epi- 
gram on,  348,  sixteen  peers 
created  by  Ids  means,  iii. 
55 ;  epigram  on,  as  proprie- 
tor of  the  isle  of  Bute,  70; 
retirement  of,  134,  148. 

Butson,  Key.  C,  extract  from 
his  poem  on  the  love  of 
country,  iii.  192. 

Byron,  Lord,  his  pathetic  tri- 
bute to  Churchill's  memory, 
i.  xlix. ;  his  letter  to  John 
Taylor,  iii.  106;  in  the 
first  class  of  English  poets, 
262. 


Calcraft,  John,  Esq.  his  be- 
quests to  Miss  Bride  and 
her  children,  i.  79;  ii.  204. 

Calces  Head  Cliib,  The,  an- 
niversary of,  ii.  94. 

Cambridge  University  of,  epi- 
gram upon  the,  "iii.  123; 
see  also  126,  161. 

Camden  see  I'ratt. 

Campbell,  Thomas,  his  esti- 
mate of  Churchill's  poetical 
merits,  i.  Ix. 

Campbell,  a  deaf  and  dumb 
Ibrtune-teller,  account  of, 
ii.  229. 

Qindidate,  The,  preliminary 
notice  to,  iii.  123  ;  Lorcl 
Bath's  letter  to  Colman  on 
this  poem,  124 ;  the  severest 
satire  ever  written,  149; 
supplementary  notes  on, 
179. 

Canning,  George,  extract 
from  his  Papistic  from  Lord 
W.  Russell  to  Lord  Caven- 
dish, ii.  75;  did  not  believe 
Francis  to  be  the  author  of 
Junius,  186. 

Canning,  Elizabeth,  impos- 
ture of,  ii.  246 ;  is  convicted 
of  perjury,  247 ;  fabrication 
of  the  imposture  acknow- 
ledged by  her  accomplice 
Virtue  Hall,  248. 

Gtnons  of'  Ciiticism,  by  Mr. 
Edwards,  ii.  51. 

Carew,  Bamfylde  Moore,  ac- 
count of,  ii."  222. 

Carrington,  Nathan,  King's 
messenger,  illegally  arrests 
Dryden  Leach,  printer,  ii. 
30  ;  wears  a  silver  grey- 
hound as  an  emblem  ot  dis- 
patch, 33,  42. 

Catherine  H.  of  Russia, 
spreads  the  blessings  of  in- 
oculation, iii.  252  ;  anec- 
dotes of,  253  ;  defence  of, 
255. 

Catiline,  Rev.  Dr.  Croly's  tra- 
gedy of,  ii.  297. 


INDEX. 


333 


Cavaliers,  neglect  of,  at  the 

restoration,  ii.  134. 
Cawn,  Meer,  Jafljer  Ali,  ele- 
vated to  the  Subahship  of 
Bengal,  iii.  155. 

Cecil,  Secretary,  his  cruel 
proceedings  against  Mary, 
Queen  of  Scots,  ii.  120 ;  em- 
ployed by  her  son,  ib. 

Chaldeans,  The,  the  earliest 
astronomers,  ii.  219. 

Chalmers,  Alexander,  his  ac- 
count of  Churchill,  i.  Ixxxii, 

Champion  of  England,  cere- 
mony of  his  challenge,  iii. 
6 ;  his  liorse,  53. 

Charles  I.,  King,  delivered  up 
to  the  Parliament  by  the 
Scotch,  i.  181;  alleged  cus- 
tom of  the  Roundheads  with 
reference  to,  ii.  94;  anniver- 
sary anthe  m  of  the  Calves 
Head  Club,  referring  to,  ib. ; 
his  unpopularity  caused  by 
Buckingham,  124;  and  his 
fall  by  the  intrigues  of  his 
queen,  126 ;  no  parliaments 
summoned  by,  from  1628  to 
1040,  127;  his  oppressive 
exactions,  ib. ;  Lord  Keeper 
Finch  invents  the  expedi- 
ent of  shijvmoney,  ib.; 
Wilkes's  remarks  on  his 
execution,  129  ;  Milton's 
sentiments  on  that  trans- 
action, 130;  Warburton's 
character  of,  131. 

Charles  II.,  King,  sells  Dun- 
kirk to  the  French,  ii.  134; 
Tangier  abandoned  by,  135; 
his  death  suspiciously  sud- 
den, 136;  compared  to  Ti- 
berius, iii.  135. 

Charlotte,  Queen,  ii.  261. 

Chatham,  see  Pitt. 

Chauncy,  Dr.,  account  of, 
iii.  16. 

Cheere,  iii.  18. 

Chesteiiield  Lord,  his  letters  to 
his  son  characterized,  i.  108 ; 
his  Imprimatu?-  to  a  poem 


of  Mallet's,  ii.  317;  his 
character  of  Lord  Chatham, 
iii.  92 ;  of  Lord  Sandwich, 
124;  his  remarks  on  the 
obligations  of  the  countr>- 
to  Wilkes,  147;  his  cha- 
racter of  Lady  Hervej^,  243. 

Chrysal,  a  pathetic  incident 
related  in,  i.  xxxiv. ;  suppos- 
ed to  refer  to  Churchill,  ib. ; 
extract  from,  xc. ;  delinea- 
tion of  Wilkes's  character 
in,  iii.  135. 

Churchill,  Charles,  the  au- 
thenticity of  his  sermons 
doubted,  1.  xxiv. ;  Dr. 
Lloyd's  benevolent  assist- 
ance of,  i.  xxvii. ;  honorable 
anecdote  of,  xxxii. ;  Bishop 
of  Rochester's  reprimand  of 
xxxiii. ;  couplet  on  a  propo- 
sal to  erect  a  monument  in 
Westminster  Abbey  to,xlix.; 
Lord  Byron's  tribute  to  the 
memory  of,  xlix. ;  Sir  R. 
Jebb's  care  of  his  sons,  Ii. ; 
notice  respecting  them,  ib. ; 
took  Dryden  for  his  model, 
liii. ;  his  mode  of  compo- 
sing, i(!>.;  juvenile  produc- 
tions of,  Ixvii.;  his  letters 
to  Wilkes,  Ixix.-lxxxi. ;  his 
lines  on  Pope,  Ixxi.;  epi- 
gram on,  Ixxvii. ;  his  lines  on 
Wilkes,  Ixxxi.;  his  letter  to 
GaiTick  Ixxxii. ;  epigram  bj' 
ih ;  his  will,lxxxiii. ;  epitaphs 
on,lxxxviii. ;  his  alleged  con- 
tempt for  the  ancients,  i.  28; 
his  proficiency  in  the  class- 
ics, but  neglect  of  tliem,  ib. ; 
his  first  political  indication 
29;  his  portraits  of  Shak- 
speare  and  Jonson,31;  cor- 
respondence with  T.  Daries, 
37;  joins  Wilkes  in  pub- 
lishing the  North  Bri'on,  67 ; 
his  quarrel  with  the  Critical 
Review,  118,  121,  124;  Mur- 
phy's attack  upon,  132;  his 
abuse  of  actors  in  general, 


334 


INDEX. 


135 ;  his  quarrel  and  recon- 
ciliation with  Garrick,  130, 
137 ;  suppresses  some  lines 
in  the  lioscMd,  139;  his  pre- 
ference of  Drvden  to  Pope, 
140,  142;  his  dislike  of  the 
latter,  141;  parallel    of  liis 
love  of  late  hours  with  the 
habits  of  Dr.  Johnson,  154; 
supports  his  friend  Lloyd  in 
prison,    158;    his   letter  to 
Wilkes,  on  The  Prophtcyo/ 
Famine,  173;  his  animosity 
to  the  Scottish  nation,  174 ; 
anecdote  in  reference  to  this, 
ib. ;  is  reprimanded  by  Dr. 
Pearce,  185 ;  assists  Wilkes 
in    publishing    the     North 
Briton,  191 ;  partakes  in  the 
profits   of  that  paper,  224 ; 
escapes  being  arrested   for 
libel,    225;    his    satire    of 
"Aylifi"'s  Ghost,"  228;  his 
allegory  of  the  ancient  Bri- 
tish Constitution,  ii.  21 ;  his 
invective    against  W^arbur- 
ton,  43 ;  makes  an  excursion 
to  Wales,  81;  ill-humour  on 
that  occasion,  ib.;  scriptu- 
ral allusions  in  his  poems, 
85 ;  his  reading   considera- 
ble, 112;  wrote  rapidly,  ib.; 
a  happy    imitation   of  his 
slovenly     style,    ib. ;    lines 
written  by  liim  for  a  cup 
presented   to    Wilkes,  125; 
lines  in  praise  of,  158;  his 
tenacious     memory,     185; 
some  poems  never  publish- 
ed, ib. ;  his  elopement  with 
Miss  Carr,  190 ;  his  delusion 
with  regard  to  Wilkesii. :  did 
not  flatter  wealth  or  power, 
190;  involved  in  debt,  195; 
relieved  by  Dr.  Lloyd,  ib. ; 
discharges  all  demands  up- 
on him,   and    relieves   the 
son  of  his  benefactor,  196; 
his  self-condemnation,  199; 
The  Ghost,  the  least  popular 
of  his  productions,  218;  liis 


antipath}'  to  colleges,  227 ; 
his  enmity  to  Smollett,  240; 
again  condemns  his  own 
conduct,  262;  his  poem  of 
The  Conclave,  not  publish- 
ed, 275 ;  dislikes  Johnson's 
politics,  283;  his  character 
of  PomposQ,  284 ;  Dr.  Kip- 
pis's  defence  of  Churchill, 
ib.;  his  invocation  to  truth, 
compared  with  the  llenri- 
af/e,  289;  his  contempt  for 
the  mawki'ih  dramatic  pro- 
ductions of  his  time,  296; 
invidious  reflection  on  the 
Society  of  Arts,  305;  un- 
founded prejudice  against 
the  merchants  of  London, 
318;  his  attack  on  Lord 
Bute's  "  active  ministry," 
after  the  capture  of  New- 
foundland by  the  French, 
324;  on  the  expense  of  the 
electorate  of  Hanover,  327 ; 
his  apprehension  of  arrest, 
iii.  28;  his  surly  spirit  of 
independence,  43;  destroys 
his  MSS.,  138;  his  tomb  in 
Dover  Church-yard,139;  his 
"  Candidate,"  the  severest 
satire  ever  written,  149;  his 
sketches  of  European  States, 
222 ;  portrait  of  himself,  265 ; 
a  less  friendly  one,  ib. ;  did 
not  complete  his  fourth  po- 
etic year,  293;  like  Ovid 
and  Pope^  laments  his  pro- 
pensity to  poetry,  294;  his 
acrimonious  mention  of 
Mason,  298;  attacks  Dr. 
Armstrong,  308;  his  ser- 
mons, 313;  conduct  as  cu- 
rate in  Westminster,  317; 
the  sermons  not  written  by 
him,  319 ;  contemporary 
verses  on  reading  them,  320 ; 
lines  written  bv  him  in 
Windsor  Park,  327. 
Churchill,  John,  notice  of,  i. 
xlvi.  li.;  his  widow  and 
daughter  solicit  relief,  ib. ; 


INDEX. 


335 


appeal  made  to  the  public 
for  them  by  Jlr.  ^ludford 
and  Mr.  Pratt,  ib. 

Churchill,  Rev.  Charles,  fa- 
ther of  the  poet,  i.  xvili. ;  his 
death,  xxiii. 

Churchill,  Rev.  W.  brother  of 
the  Poet,  account  of,  i.  x. 

Churchill,  Jliss  Patty,  sister 
of  the  poet,  attends  R. 
Lloyd  during  his  illness. 
iii.  278  ;  said  to  have  been 
betrothed  to  Lloyd,  ib.  ; 
dies  of  grief  soon  after  her 
brother's  and  Lloyd's  death, 
ib. 

Gibber,  CoUey,  his  observa- 
tion on  elocution  and  actors, 
i.  xxxii;  notice  of,  ii.  279; 
Pope's  unjustifiable  attacks 
upon,  ib. 

Cibber,  Mrs.  account  of,  i. 
80,  8L 

Cicero,  his  vindication  of  Ro- 
scius,  i.  5 ;  his  words  on  the 
death  of  Cssar  applied  to 
Cliarles  L  ii.  130;  quota- 
tion from,  220;  supports  the 
College  of  Augurs,  226. 

Cider  tax,  its  unpopularity 
and  repeal,  ii.  98. 

Clarendon,  Lord,  his  account 
of  the  surrender  of  King 
Charles  I.  to  the  Parliament, 
i.  182. 

Clark,  an  obscure  actor,  his 
rencontre  with  Churchill, 
i.  3. 

Clarke,  Sir  Philip  Jennings, 
Dr.  Johnson's  admonition 
to,  iii.  181. 

Cleland,  John,  account  of,  ii. 
186;  his  father  the  Witt 
Honeycomb  of  the  Spectator, 
ib. 

Clergy,  benefit  of,  abolished, 
iii.  279. 

Cleveland,  John,  couplet  by, 
on  Scotland,  i.  204. 

Olive,  Lord,  account  of,  i.  9; 
his  character,  iv.  155,  156; 


Macaulay's  essay  on,  157  ; 
further  account  of,  209-11. 

Clive,  Catherine,  account  of, 
i.  70. 

Clouet,  Monsieur  St.  orChloe, 
chef  de  cuisine  to  Holies, 
Duke  of  Newcastle,  epi- 
gram upon,  iii.  232. 

Coan,  John,  a  dwarf,  i.  14. 

Cock  Lane  Ghost,  the  account 
of,  ii.  208;  pamphlets  writ- 
ten on,  217 ;  visit  to  Fanny's 
tomb  ridiculed,  327,  iii.  119; 
H.  Walpole's  anecdote  of, 
120. 

Cocoa-tree  Club,  of  Jacobitical 
principles,  iii.  41;  house  in 
Pail-Mall,  ib.\  afterwards 
inhabited  by  Mr.  Christie, 
tlie  auctioneer,  ib. 

Coleridge,  8.  T.  his  bur- 
lesque sonnets  on  the  lake 
school  of  poetry,  i.  189;  his 
character  of  Warburton's 
writings,  iii.  312. 

Colman, George,  his  disclaimer 
of  the  Rosciad,'\.  1;  account 
of,  16 ;  ridicules  Grav's  odes, 
in  his  ode  to  Obscurity,  33; 
his  friendly  epigram  "on  the 
Author,  ii.  167;  lines  by 
him  on  Churchill's  slovenly- 
composition,  219 ;  his  retort 
on  John  Taylor's  motto  to 
his  poems,  iii.  106;  his 
epitaph  on  Powell,  180. 

Colman  and  Lloyd,  burlesque 
odes  by  them"  to  Oblivion 
and  Obscurity,  in  ridicule 
of  Gray  and  Mason,  i.  Ixxv. 

Commons,  house  of,  its  de- 
termination on  No.  45  of 
the  North  Briton,  iii.  77; 
resolutions  against  Wilkes, 
91 ;  rescinded,  ib. 

Concanen,  Matthew,  extract 
of  a  letter  to  him  from 
Bishop  Warburton,  ii.  46; 
abused  by  the  Bishop,  49,50 ; 
aletterof  the  Bishop  to  him 
found  by  Gawen  Knight,  51 ; 


336 


INDEX. 


Warburton  his  associate  in 
the  attack  on    Pope,  ib. 

Conclave^  The,  a  satire  written 
by  Cl'.urcliill,  deemed  too 
personal  for  publication,  i. 
xxviii. ;  extract  from,  ii.  275. 

Conference^  The,  jn-eliminary 
note  to,  ii.  li»0. 

Congreve,  William,  ridicules 
the  fashionable  alTcctatiou 
of  a  melancholy  demean- 
our, i.  49. 

Connoisseur,  The  account  of,  i. 
116. 

Coronation  of  George  the 
Third  and  his  Queen,  cir- 
cumstantial account  of,  iii. 
1,  30,  58. 

Constitution,  British,  allegory 
of,  ii.  21. 

Contrast,  The,  portrait  of 
George  III.  i.  210,  212. 

Cooper,  Lucy,  Alias  Atkins, 
the  Clara  "of  Lord  Boling- 
broke,  i.  47. 

Cotes,  Humphry,  a  -wine  mer- 
chant in  St.  Martin's  Lane, 
a  credulous  tool  of  Wilkes, 
anecdotes  of,  iii.  285-6. 

Cotterell,  Sir  Clement,  master 
of  the  ceremonies,  iii.  59. 

Covent  Garden  Theatre,  its 
prosperity  under  the  man- 
agement of  Beard,  i.  .34. 

Covvper,  William,  his  tribute 
to  the  memory  of  his  school- 
fellow Churchill,  i.  Ivii.; 
extract  from  a  letter  of, 
ib.;  Soulhey's  note  upon 
it,  lix. 

Cow-pox,  introduction  of, 
more  liberally  rewarded 
than  inoculation,  iii.  245. 

Crape,  sobriquet  of  Dr.  Bruce, 
the  obsequious  chaplain  of 
Lord  Mayor  Fludyer, iii.  77, 
113. 

Critical  Review,  extract  from, 
upon  the  Rosciad,  i.  116; 
upon  TTie  Apology  addressed 
to  the  Reviewers,  121,  143. 


Croly,  Rev.  Dr.,  his  classical 
play  of  Catiline,  a  specimen 
of  what  a  tragedy  should 
be,  ii.  297. 

Crousaz,  attacks  Pope's  Es- 
say on  Man,  ii.  158. 

Crow,  Jem,  the  political  sobi-i- 
quct  of  a  mushroom  peer, 
ii.  203. 

Culloden,  battle  of,  the  rebel- 
lion of  1745  quelled  bv  it, 
i.  201. 

Cumberland,  William,  Duke 
of,  his  courage  at  the  battle 
of  Culloden,  i.  201 ;  obnox- 
ious to  the  .Jacobites,  ii. 
105;  loses  his  diamond- 
hiltcd  sword  at  the  exhi- 
bition of  the  Bottle-Conju- 
ror, iii.  120;  the  cry  of  the 
Jacobites  in  the  crowd,  ib. ; 
character  of,  328. 

Cumberland,  Richard,  sketch 
of  Bubb  Doddington,  from 
his  Memoirs,  iii.  40. 

Curate,  The  name  of  a  poem 
intended  to  be  written  bv 
Churchill,  ii.  185. 

Cure  of  Saul,  an  Ode  by 
Dr.  Brown,  accoimt  of,  ex- 
tracts from,  iii.  302. 

Curry,  a  principal  witness 
against  Wilkes,  iii.  323. 

Cust,  Mr.  Peregrine,  his 
atfidavit  on  the  subject  of 
his  share  of  the  loan  of 
1763,  iii.  88;  attacked  in 
the  North-Briton,  his  de- 
fence, iii.  88. 

Cust,  Sir  John,  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Commons,  iii. 
186. 

Dashwood,  Sir  Francis,  ac- 
count of,  i.  220 ;  obtains  the 
ancient  barony  of  Le  De- 
spenser,  ii.  101;  erects  a 
church  on  an  eminence, 
ib.;  patronizes  the  profli- 
gate Paul  Whitehead,  297 ; 
Wilkes's  playful  account  of 


INDEX. 


337 


West  Wycombe  Church, 
built  by  the  pious  Dash- 
wood,  iii.  108;  portrait  of 
him  as  a  Franciscan,  185. 

Davies,  W.  T.  an  actress, 
wife  of  Thomas  Davies,  ac- 
count of,  i.  36. 

Davies,  Thomas,  an  error  in 
liis  Life  of  Garrick,  Ivi. ; 
account  of,  36. 

Day,  a  poem,  by  Armstrong, 
extract  from,  iii.  308. 

Debt,  imprisonment  for,  re- 
marks on,  iii.  216. 

Dedication,  a  postliumous  po- 
em, dedicated  to  Warbur- 
ton,  iii.  312. 

Demonology,  form  of  laying 
a  ghost,  ii.  290;  ghosts  at 
Holland  House,  292. 

Despenser,  Lord  le,  see  Dash- 
wood. 

Dimsdale,  Dr.  inoculates  the 
I'^mpress  Catherine  of  Rus- 
sia, iii.  254 ;  created  a  baron 
with  a  pension,  ib. 

Diogenes,  the  Cynic,  iii.  104. 

DoddjDr.  anecdotes  of,  iii.  241, 
248;  Dr.  Johnson's  exer- 
tions to  save  the  life  of, 
249. 

Doddington,  Bubb,  liis  epitaph 
on  Frederick,  Prince  of 
Wales,  ii.  105;  son  of  an 
apothecary,  336;  becomes 
Lord  Melcombe,  ib. ;  adula- 
ted by  Thomson  and  Young, 
ib. ;  travestied  by  Sir  C.  H. 
Williams, i6. ;  Cumberland's 
spirited  portrait  of  him,  iii. 
40 ;  unfortunate  in  his  edi- 
tor, but  who  gives  the  clue 
to  the  political  intrigues  of 
that  period,  109. 

Dodsley,  Eobert,  his  tragedj^ 
of  Cleone,  origin  of,  and  an- 
ecdotes relating  to,  iii.  299; 
his  first  work.  The  Muse  in 
Livery,  ridiculed  bv  Curll, 
300;  anecdotes  of,  301. 

Doggett,  Thomas,  the  actor, 

VOL.    HI. 


establishes  an  annual  row- 
ing match,  ii.  95. 

Douglas,  Dr.  detects  the  lite- 
rary forgeries  of  Bower  and 
Lauder,  ii.  2C5. 

Douglas,  Tragedy  of,  see 
Home. 

Drama,  observations  on  the, 
ii.  296. 

Dryden,  John,  lines  in  his 
praise,  by  Addison,  i.  143 ; 
Churchill's  preference  of 
him  to  Pope,ii.  156;  a  more 
original  poet,  ib. ;  his  opinion 
of  Congreve's  "  Old  Bache- 
lor," iii.  292. 

Duellist,  The,  preliminary 
notes  on,  ii.  1 ;  supplemen- 
tal note  to,  64. 

Duke,  Dr.  his  lines  on  the 
Scotch,  i.  208. 

Dulman,  the  sobriqiiet  of  Sir 
Samuel  Fludyer,  iii.  112. 

Dun,  or  Dunn,  Alexander,  a 
Scotchman,  obtains  admit- 
tance into  Mr.  Wilkes's 
house,  ii.  41 ;  suspected  of 
a  design  to  assassinate  him, 
but  found  to  be  insane,  26 ; 
alluded  to  in  Mr.  Wilkes's 
letter,  p.  8,  ante ;  Wilkes's 
friends  deny  his  insanity, 
iii.  21. 

Dunkin,  Dr.  assists  Francis  to 
translate  Horace,  iii.  132. 

Dunkirk,  sold  to  the  French, 
ii.  134. 

Duppa,  Mr.  supposes  Glover, 
author  of  Leonidas,  to  be  the 
writer  of  Junius's  Letters, 
ii.  340. 

Dutch,  cruelties  exercised  by 
them  upon  the  English  at 
Amboyna,  ii.  135. 

Dymoke,Mr.  acts  as  champion 
at  the  coronation  of  George 
in.,  iii.  6. 

Dymoke,  Sir  Henry,  created 
a  Baronet  on  serving  as 
champion  at  the  coronation 
of  Queen  Victoria,  iii.  7. 

■22 


338 


INDEX. 


Kast  India  Conipanv  Direct- 
ors, their  iiijutiicious  con- 
duct, and  ingratitude  to 
Lord  Clive,  iii.  210. 

Edwards,  Thomas,  author  of 
"  Canons  of  Criticism,"  ii. 
51;  Boswell's  anecdote  of, 
53. 

Egreniont,  Clinrles  Wyndham, 
1-Carl  of,  his  reply  to  Willvcs, 
ii.  35,  65;  account  of,  iii. 
105. 

l'>gyptians,  the,  improved  on 
Chaldean  astronomy, ii.  221. 

PHcctions,  parliamentary,  pro- 
gressive increase  of  acts  i"e- 
straining  bribery, &c.  at,  i. 8. 

Elliott,  Miss,  account  of,  i.  55, 
66. 

Epistle  to  William  Ilofjnrth, 
preliminary  note,  i.  214; 
Supplementary  notes,  253. 

Essay  on  Woman,  history  of 
this  publication,  ii.  322. 

Every  man  in  his  humour,  its 
occasional  revivals  and  cast 
of  parts,  i.  43. 

Exchange,  Eoyal,  ii.  318. 

Excise  Laws,  their  unpopu- 
larity, ii.  99. 

Faden,  publisher  of  the  Public 
Ledger,  \\.  188;  accomplice 
of  Kidgell,  ib.;  obnoxious 
to  Churchill,  241,  iii.  323. 

False  Alarm,  extract  from  Dr. 
.Johnson's  pamphlet  so 
called,  ii.  179. 

Falstat!',  Sir  John,  character- 
istics of,  i.  50. 

Family  compact  between 
France  and  Spain,  debates 
upon  it  in  the  cahinet  and 
in  parliament,  ii.  308. 

Famine,  The  Prophecy  of,  pre- 
liminary notice  of,  i.  173. 

Fanny,  see  Cock  Lane  Ghost. 

Farewell,  The,  inculcates  the 
love  of  our  country,  iii.  188, 
192 ;  foil  V  of  cosmopolitism, 
194. 


Fenton,  Miss,  afterwards  Du- 
chess of  Uolton,  notice  of,  i. 
73. 

Ferrara,  famous  for  skilful 
fencers,  i.  202;  Iligliland 
broad-swords  so  called,  ib. 

Ferriar,  Dr.  John,  his  detec- 
tion of  Sterne's  ])lagiarisms 
from  llurton,  i.  15. 

Fielding,  Justice,  jealous  of 
Sir  Crisp  Gaseoyne,  for  his 
detection  of  E.  Canning's 
imposture,  ii.  247;  writes  a 
])amphlet  in  vindication  of 
Canning,*^. ;  refuted  by  Dr. 
Hill,  ib. 

Finch,  Lord  Keeper,  invents 
the  famous  expedient  of 
ship-monev,  ii.  127. 

Fingal  ridiculed,  i.  185,  196, 
ii.  266. 

Fisher,  Catherine,  or  Kitty, 
notice  of,  ii.  258. 

Fitzpatrick,  account  of,  i.  23; 
attacks  Garrick  in  the 
Craftsman,  24 ;  the  hero  of 
the  Fribbkriad,  26 ;  his  war- 
fare against  both  theatres, 
ib. 

Flexney,  Mr.,  the  publisher  of 
Churchill's  poems,  iii.  296; 
and  sermons,  319. 

Flitcroft,  Henry,  architect, 
account  of,  ii.  22. 

Fludyer,  Sir  Samuel,  notice 
of,'ii.  324;  farther  account 
of,  iii.  112;  designated  as 
Dulman,  ib. 

Foe,  De,  Daniel,  his  sketches 
of  England  and  France,  iii. 
223. 

Foote,  Samuel,  anecdote  of,  i. 
xlvii.  account  of,  11 ;  farther 
particulars  of,  44,  45;  his 
pun  upon  Hamilton,  123; 
parallel  between  Foote  and 
Garrick,  129,  iii.  304. 

Forbes,  John,  a  Scotcli  Cap- 
tain in  the  French  service, 
challenges  Wilkes,  ii.  40; 
alluded'  to,  in  Wilkes's  let- 


INDEX. 


339 


ter  to  Dr.   Brocklesby,  8, 
ante. 

Fortune  telling  suppressed  by 
act  of  Parliament,  ii.  239. 

Foster,  Sir  Michael,  i.  31. 

Foundling  Hospital  for  Wit, 
verses  ascribed  to  Churchill 
without  authority,  iii.  327. 

Fox,  Henry,  Lord  Holland, 
notice  of,  1.  219;  anecdote 
of,  ii.  8;  Gray's  severe  ver- 
ses on,  13,  14;  his  bribery 
of  members,  14 ;  his  pecu- 
lations, ib. ;  resolutions  pass- 
ed against  him  by  the  Live- 
ry of  London,  15;  his  exe- 
cutor prosecuted  and  com- 
pelled to  refund,  16;  his 
love  of  play  and  irregular 
habits,  ib.;  their  influence 
upon  his  son's  character,  ib. ; 
Home  Tooke's  "  Two  Pair 
of  Portraits,"  ib 

Fox,  C.  J.,  motion  of,  i.  223, 
ii.  16;  his  motion  against 
Lord  Sandwich,  iii.  147. 

Fox,  Sir  Stephen,  his  ghost 
said  to  revisit  Holland 
House,  ii.  292. 

France  characterized  as  a  na- 
tion, iii.  135,  222. 

Francis,  Rev.  Philip,  transla- 
tor of  Horace,  Dr.  Johnson's 
praise  of  his  translation,  ii. 
186;  his  son.  Sir  Philip, 
supposed  the  author  of  Ju- 
nius, ib.\  doubts  of  Mr. 
Canning  on  this  subiect,?6. ; 
assisted  by  Dr.  Dunkin 
in  translating  Horace,  iii. 
132. 

Franking,  abuse  and  abolition 
of,  iii.  217. 

Franklin, Dr  Thomas,  account 
of,  i.  15 ;  his  translation  of 
Sophocles  vindicated,  iii. 
298. 

Frederic  of  Prussia,  enthusi- 
asm in  favour  of,  i.  164; 
Miss  Bab  Wvndham  remits 
him  £1000  165. 


Fribbleriad  The,  a  poem,  ex- 
tract from,  i.  26. 

Garrick,  David,  extract  from 
a  letter  of,  i.  xxxix  ;  extract 
from  his  prologue  to 
the  Clandestine  Marriage, 
xxxii. ;  extract  from  Sheri- 
dan's monody  on,  4 ;  his  in- 
timacy with  the  great,  5; 
his  undersize,  14,  15 ;  con- 
troversy with  Fitzpatrick, 
23;  his  servile  imitation 
censured,  39;  account  of, 
104-109;  Walpole's  opinion 
of,  109;  Johnson's  ditto, 
110;  his  letter  to  Lloyd, 
119 ;  his  apology  for  himself 
and  the  players,  136;  his 
lines  m  defence  of  his  pro- 
fession, in  the  Fribbleriad, 
137;  his  mode  of  life  at 
Hampton,  146:  Dr.  John- 
son's eulogium  on  him,  147; 
his  generosity  to  Mr.  Beren- 
ger,  j6.  ;  epigrams  on,  148; 
the  high  comphment  paid 
him  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, 148;  verses  written 
by  him  on  that  occasion, 
149 ;  his  best  plays  and  po- 
etry, 150;  Lord  Chatham's 
poetic  invitation  to  him  to 
his  country  seat,  ib.;  his 
answer,  151 ;  his  death  and 
funeral,  152;  Dr.  Warton's 
tribute  to  his  memory,  ib. ; 
his  rejection  of  Home's 
tragedy  of  Douglas,  184; 
refuses  a  tragedy  by  AVhite- 
head,  195;  his  letter  to 
Colman  on  the  "  Epistle  to 
Hogarth,"  218;  his  lines  in 
compliment  to  Eich,  iii.  11; 
anecdotes  of,  127-32 ;  paral- 
lel between  Garrick  and 
Foote,  129;  his  epigram  on 
Sir  John  Hill,  180;  jeu 
d'esprit  on  Quin,  231;  epi- 
taph on  Hogarth,  267. 

Garth,  Dr.  portrait  of,  in  Ho- 


340 


INDEX. 


garth's  St.  James's  Day,  ii. 
95;  notice  of,  iii.  16. 

GascojTie,  Sir  Crisp,  Lord 
Mayor  in  1753;  detects  the 
fraud  of  Elizabeth  Canning, 
ii.  247 ;  excites  tiie  envy  of 
Fielding  by  his  superior 
tact,  ib. 

Gay,  John,  his  caution  to 
walkers  in  London,  ii.  321. 

General  Warrants,  Lord  Cam- 
den's opinion  of,  ii.  32  ; 
correspondence  between 
Wilivcs  and  the  Secretaries 
of  State  on  the  sultject  of, 
34 ;  resisted  by  Earl  Temple, 
iii.  291. 

Gennet,  or  Jennet,  vulgar  er- 
ror respecting  the,  iii.  238. 

George  II.,  King,  the  prosper- 
ity of  his  reign,  ii.  96;  con- 
trast with  the  present  time, 
ib. ;  causes  of  this,  ib. ; 
Wiliics's  character  of,  103; 
Horace  Walpole's  Memoires 
of,  105 ;  irregularities  at  the 
funeral  of,  303 ;  the  funeral 
described  by  Horace  Wal- 
pole,  iii.  121. 

George  IH.,  Kins,  his  partiali- 
ty for  Lord  'Bute,  i.  210; 
his  portrait  from  "  The 
Contrast,"  ib.  :  addresses 
to,  dishonourably  obtained, 
247  ;  power  behind  the 
throne  during  the  early  part 
of  his  reign,  ii.  166 ;  corona- 
tion of,  304;  banquet  at 
Guildhall  on  his  coronation, 
ib. ;  his  first  speech  to  his 
parliament,  315 ;  amusing 
description  of  his  corona- 
tion, iii.  1-9;  the  champi- 
on's challenge,  6. 

George  IV.,  King,  his  corona- 
tion, iii.  9. 

Ghost,  The,  preliminary  expla- 
nation of  the  imposture,  ii. 
208-17 ;  poem,  218 ;  supple- 
mental notes  to  Book  I. 
250;  ib.   to    Book  II.   290- 


Book  IV.  iii.  1 ;  criticisms 
on,  10 ;  supplcnientid  note-; 
to  Book  IV.  105. 

Gibbon,  on  the  oflice  of  Lau- 
reate, i.  213. 

Gideon,  Sampson,  the  wealthy 
Jew  broker,  supports  Sir 
Robert  Walpolc,  iii.  90;  his 
son  created  a  peer,  ib. ;  let- 
ter on,  from  Horace  Wal- 
pole  to  Conway,  91 ;  anec- 
dotes of,  115. 

Gisbal,  an  hyperborean  tale,  i. 
179. 

Glover,  Richard,  author  of 
Leonidas,  account  of,  ii.  340 ; 
supposed  by  Mr.  Duppa,  to 
be  the  author  of  Junius's 
Letters,  ib. ;  criticism  on  his 
tragedy  of  Medea,  iii.  298 ; 
Burke's  compliment  to  him, 
ib. 

Goldsmith,  Dr  Oliver,  his  allu- 
sion to  Churchill,  i.  Ivi. : 
character  of  Garrick,  in  his 
"  Retaliation,"  107 ;  quota- 
tion from  his  Traveller,  iii. 
204,  222. 

Gotham,  preliminary  note  to, 
ii.  74;  supplementary  note 
to  Book  n.  139. 

Goy,  M.  Pierre,  anecdote  of,  i. 
Ixxix ;  introduced  by  Wilkes 
to  Churchill,  iii.  281 ;  quo- 
tation from  Dr.  Armstrong 
on,  282. 

Grafton,  Duke  of,  account  of, 
iii.  259. 

Gr.anby,  Marquis  of.  account 
of  ii.  309;  verses  on  by  Sir 
C.  H.  Wilhams,310;  tribute 
to  his  memory  by  Junius, 
iii.  288. 

Grantley,  Lord,  see  Norton. 

Gray,  Thomas,  his  Odes  ridi- 
culed by  Colman,  i.  33 ;  his 
severe  verses  against  Lord 
Holland,  ii.  13;  his  poetic 
fame  invulnerable,  173; 
adulation  of,  190 ;  his  foibles, 


INDEX. 


341 


Greeks  iinacquainted  with 
Astronomy,  ii.  223. 

Greuville,  George,  his  politi- 
cal sobriquet,  ii.  203. 

Greyhound,  sUver  badge  of 
office,  worn  by  the  king's 
messengers,  ii.  33,  42. 

Griffiths,  Ralph,  a  bookseller, 
editor  of  the  Monthly  Re- 
view, iii.  283. 

Grimakii,  Joseph,  the  Clown, 
par  excellence,  iii.  12 ;  Dick- 
ens's Life  of,  ii. 

(juildhall,  splendid  entertain- 
ment given  to  George  III. 
and  his  Queen,  ii.  304,  iii. 
65. 

Guthrie,  WOliam,  account  of. 
ii.  183. 

Gypsies,  their  character,  ii. 
323;  statute  against  them, 
239. 

Hackney-coach-office,  first  es- 
^        tablished,  iii.  61. 

Halifax,  Earl  of,  his  reply  to 
Wilkes,  ii.  35,  65. 

Hallam,  Mr.  his  description  of 
the  prosperous  reign  of 
George  II.  ii.  97 ;  reference 
to  his  Constitutional  History 
of  England,  iii.  305. 

Hamilton,  Single-speech,  ac- 
count of,  iii.  280 ;  conversa- 
tion between  him  and  Brace 
the  traveller,  281. 

Hamilton,  Archibald,  the  prin- 
ter, Cutlibert  Shaw's  cha- 
racter of,  i.  123;  Foote's 
pun  iipon,  ib. 

Hampden,  .John,  ii.  18. 

Hanover,  electorate  of,  ii.  327. 

Hardwicke,  Earl  of,  elected 
High-Steward  of  Cambridge 
University,  iii. 123:  support- 
ed by  the  younger  mem- 
bers, 161 ;  the  latter  censxxr- 
ed  and  stigmatized  as  Re- 
cusants, ib. 

Ilart,  Mrs.,  account  of,  i.  78. 

Hart,  the  dancing-master,  ii. 


305 ;  caricatured  by  Bonnell 
Thornton,  iii.  81. 

Hastings,  Warren,  his  letter 
to  Wilkes,  i.  Ixvii. 

Havard,  William,  account  of, 
i.  34,  35. 

Hawkins,  Miss,  her  account 
of  Garrick's  dress  and  mode 
of  life  at  Hampton,  i.  146. 

Hawkins,  Sir  John,  his  senti- 
ments on  the  construction 
of  Blackfriars  Bridge,  iii.  68. 

Hayman,  Francis,  the  painter, 
account  of,  ii.  93;  paints  for 
Vauxhall,  ib. ;  his  picture  of 
the  Archer,  ib. ;  lines  on  it, 
by  Smart,  ib. 

Hayter,  Dr.  Thomas,  Bishop 
of  Norwich,  the  intimate 
friend  of  Jortin  and  Clarke, 
appointed  governor  to 
George  III.  then  Prince  of 
Wales,  and  abruptly  dis- 
missed by  Lord  Bute,  iii. 
141 ;  lines  written  on  that 
occasion,  142 ;  Horace  W^al- 
pole's  sneer  at,  ib. 

Heberden,  Dr.,  Wilkes's  letter 
to,  ii.  5;  account  of,  iii.  176. 

Henrietta  of  France,  her  in- 
triguing character — uncon- 
querable spirit  —  poverty 
and  distress  —  renders  her 
eldest  son  odious,  and  paves 
the  way  to  the  removal  of 
the  youngest,  ii.  126;  Hume 
glosses  over  her  fatal  coun- 
sels, i6. 

Henrv,  Prince  of  Wales,  son 
of  James  I.,  ii.  121. 

Hervev,  Lady,  see  Lepel. 

Hill,  Sir  John,  account  of,  i. 
20-23 ;  Garrick's  epigram 
on,  ib. ;  Garrick's  second 
epigram  on,  iii.  180. 

Hogarth,  his  death  accelerated 
by  the  attacks  of  ChurchUl, 
i.  xxxvii ;  Mr.  Nichol's  life 
of,  ib.;  his  autobiography, 
ib. ;  his  epigram  on  Quin,  i. 
101 ;  his  Strolling  Actresses, 


342 


INPKX. 


134;  Churchill's  epistle  to, 
214;  notice  of,  from  the  Es- 
'  say  ])rcfixe(l  to  his  works, 

215;  Dr.  Johnson's  epitiiph 
on,  216;  his  picture  ot  Sif/i:<- 
mundd,  243;  rancour  of 
Wiliics  and  Churchill 
against  him,  ih.\  corrcs- 
ponilence  respecting  the 
l)icture  of  Sigismunda,  244- 
5  ;  history  of  it,  241);  Charles 
Lamlj's  character  of  his 
works,  249;  M.  Adam 
Hartsch's  opinion  of  them, 
fi. ;  apprise<l  bv  Mr.  I\Iorcll 
of  Churchill's  'Epistle,  253; 
retaliates  on  tlie  Ejnstle,  by 
a  caricature  on  Churchill, 
253 ;  his  picture  of  St. 
James's  Day  described,  ii. 
95;  his  "Five  Orders  of 
Periwigs,"  iii.  39;  the  se- 
cond row  represents  Lord 
Melcombe,  «i^. ;  lines  on  his 
death,  and  epitaph,  266, 267. 

Ilolkuid,  inhabitants  of,  cha- 
racterized, iii.  222. 

Holland,  Lord,  see  Fox. 

Holland,  account  of,  i.  37 ;  a 
pupil  of  Mr.  Garrick,  ib.\ 
introduces  I'owell  on  the 
stage.  38. 

Home,  John,  author  of  Doug- 
las, account  of,  1.  184;  a 
prott'ge  of  Lord  Bute,  194; 
his  Siege  of  Aquikia  repre- 
sents the  siege  of  Berwick, 
iii.  306. 

Horse,  Lord  Talbot's,  iii.  53. 

Howell,  James,  his  opinion  of 
the  wines  of  Portugal,  iii. 
310. 

Hume,  David,  his  palliation 
of  the  vices  of  the  Stuarts, 
ii.  119;  passes  no  censure 
on  the  judicial  murder  of 
Raleigh,  122;  his  remai'ks 
on  the  divine  right  claimed 
by  King  James  L  123 ;  his 
character  of  Buckingham, 
124;  palliates  the  faults  of 


(Jucen  Hcm-ictta,  126;  ex- 
cuses the  vices  of  Charles 
H.  135 ;  apologizes  for  James 
the  First's  apathy  on  occa- 
sion of  the  cruelties  of  Am- 
boyna,  135,  136;  merits  of 
his  history,  iii.  304-5;  liis 
remarks  on  the  Warburto- 
nian  school  of  criticism,  321. 

Hunter,  Miss  Kittv,  elopes 
with  tlie  Earl  of  l^embroke, 
ii.  302;  Horace  Walpole's 
account  of  that  event,  iii. 
112. 

Hurd,  Dr.  Bishop  of  Worces- 
ter, his  style  of  criticism, 
characterized  by  Hume,  iii. 
321. 

/ftfZt7JfM</e/jce,preliminarynote 

on,  iii.  256. 
D' Israeli,       ^Ir.     imderrates 

Churchill  in  his  Curiosities 

of  Literature,  i.  Ivii. 
Italy,  its  inhabitants  charac-     * 

terized,  iii.  224. 

Jackson,  account  of,  i.  47. 

Jacobites,  the  white  rose  worn 
by  the,  i.  197;  their  last 
stniggle  in  1745,  201;  cele- 
brate the  old  Pretender's 
birth-dav,  ii.  94 ;  the  Cocoa- 
Tree  (Jlub  notorious  for 
maintaining  their  princi- 
ples, iii.  41;  Lord  Mans- 
field's Jacobitical  bias,  101, 
116;  the  cry  of  "Billy  the 
butcher  has  lost  his  Knife,'' 
120. 

JafRer,  Meer,  Subah  of  Ben- 
gal, his  gratitude  to  Lord 
Clive,  iii.  150. 

James  I.,  King,  portrait  of,  ii. 
119;  money  squandered 
among  his  Scotch  minions, 
120;  his  kingcraft,  i6.;  Prince 
Henry's  sudden  death,  121 ; 
attributed  by  some  to  his 
father's  jealovxsy,  ib.\  anec- 
dote in  ridicule  of  his  poll- 


INDEX. 


343 


cy,  122 ;  his  antipathy  to  a 
sword,  il>. ;  his  mean  sacri- 
fice of  Ealeigh,  *.;  tame 
submission  to  the  Dutch 
after  their  cruelties  at  Am- 
boyna,  135. 

James  II.,  commits  seven 
Bishops  to  the  Tower,  ii. 
137;  his  dastardly  behav- 
iour at  the  Battle  of  the 
Boyne.  233. 

Jealous  Wife,  The,  by  Col- 
man,  Mrs.  Pritchard's  ex- 
cellence in,  i.  86,  87. 

Jeftrey,  Lord,  his  estimate  of 
Churchill's  talents,  i.  Ix. 

Jefferies,  the  infamous  instru- 
ment of  James  II.'s  tp-an- 
ny,  notice  of,  iii.  20. 

Jenner,  Dr.  our  obligations 
to,  iii.  245. 

John,  King  of  France,  noble 
reply  of,  ii.  128. 

Johnson,  Dr.  Samuel,  his 
censure  of  Churchill,  i. 
Isi. ;  his  witty  remark  on 
Dr.  Kenriclc,  Ixiii.;  his 
testimony  to  the  qualities 
of  Wilkes,  Ixvi. ;  probable 
cause  of  Churchill's  attack 
upon,  15;  his  proloOTC  on 
Shakspeare  and  Jonson, 
31;  has  given  celebi-ity  to 
the  "  Mourning  Bride,"  85; 
extract  from  that  play,  ib. ; 
anecdote  of,  107;  his  pre- 
ference of  Dryden  to  Pope, 
143 ;  his  kind"ness  to  child- 
ren, 146;  his  eulogium  on 
Garrick  for  advancing  the 
dignity  of  his  profession, 
147;  his  love  of  late  hours, 
but  habitual  temperance, 
154;  The  A'octes  Attica  in 
Ivy  Lane,  ib.;  his  opinion 
of  Allan  Ramsay,  183;  his 
celebrated  letter  to  Mac- 
pherson,  186;  refutes  the 
pretended  authenticity  of 
Ossian's  poems,  ib. ;  his  opi- 
nion of  Mallett,  187-9;  his 


epitaph  on  Hogarth,  216; 
his  comparison  of  Warbur- 
ton  and  Edwards,  ii.  53 ;  his 
pension,  and  definition  of 
the  word  Pensioner,  173; 
reprobation  of  the  seditious 
conduct  of  Wilkes,  179;  his 
indignation  at  the  impostui'e 
of  the  Cock  Lane  Ghost, 
217;  his  discussion  on  the 
superstition  of  the  Highlan- 
ders, 229;  festive  anecdote 
of,  259 ;  believes  in  Lauder's 
veracity,  265;  obliges  hira 
to  subscribe  a  confession  of 
his  guilt,  penned  by  him- 
self, ib. ;  his  diction  and  dic- 
tionary ridiculed  by  Chur- 
chill, with  specimens  of, 
270;  his  tory  politics  ob- 
noxious to  Churcliill,  283; 
character  of,  as  Pomposo, 
284 ;  visits  the  ghost  in  Cock 
Lane,  331 ;  publishes  an  ac- 
count of  tlie  imposture  in 
the  Gent.  Mag.  ib.;  hint 
respecting  the  publication 
of  his  Shakspeare,  ib. ;  his 
opinion  of  Taylor,  the  ocu- 
list, iii.  24 ;  his  observation 
on  the  Scottish  Universities, 
163 ;  anecdote  of,  181 ;  Lang- 
ton  reads  Dodslev's  Cleone 
to,  299,  312. 

Johnson,  Charles,  the  au- 
thor of  Chrysal,  delineates 
Wilkes's  character,  iii.  135 ; 
see  Chrysal. 

Jonson,  Ben,  i.  29;  Johnson's 
character  of  him  in  his  pro- 
logue, 31;  Churchill's  ditto, 
32;  date  of  his  patent  as 
Laureate,  212 ;  character  of 
Abel  Drugger  in  his  Alche- 
mist, ii.  233. 

Journey,  The,  posthumous 
poem,  iii.  292. 

Junius,  motives  of,  impugned 
by  Lord  Brougham,  iii.  182 ; 
his  Letters  attributed  to 
Lord  Chatham,  to  Sir  Phi- 


344 


INDEX. 


lip  Francis,  ii.  ISG ;  to  Rich- 
ard Glover,  343;  and  to 
Single-speech  Hamilton,  iii. 
280. 
Justices  of  the  Peace  in  Lon- 
don, their  former  mal-ad- 
ministration,  ii.  62. 

Kelly,  Hu<;h,  author  of  Thcs- 
])is,  a  poem,  i.  14 ;  conductor 
of  the  Public  Ledger,  60. 

Kenrick,  Dr.  notice  and  anec- 
dote of,  i.  Ixiii. 

Kent,  William,  victim  of  the 
Cock  Lane  Ghost  impos- 
ture, ii.  208. 

Kidgell,  Rev.  Mr.,  obtains  a 
copy  of  Wilkes's  Essay  on 
Woman  surreptitiously,  ii. 
188;  his  narrative  of  the 
transaction,  189;  Wilkes's 
able  reply,  ib.  241,  iii.  323 ; 
his  discreditable  proceed- 
ings, 324. 

King,  character  of  a  Patriot, 
ii.  143. 

King,  Dr.  William,  account 
of,  and  epitaph  on,  iii.  170-3. 

King,  Thomas,  account  of, 
i.  39. 

Kingston,  Duchess  of,_  dis- 
graceful anecdote  of,  i.  45 ; 
another,  ii.  98. 

Kippis,  Dr.  account  of  Chur- 
chill wTitten  by,  i.  Ixxxii. ; 
his  defence  of  Churchill,  ii. 
284;  remarks  on  Churchill's 
sermons,  iii.  318,  319. 

Knox,  Vicesimus,  attacks 
Churchill  in  his  Essays,  i. 
Ivii. 

Lamb,  Charles,  his  view  of 
Hogarth's  works,  i.  249. 

Lame  Ducks,  see  Bulls  and 
Bears. 

Langhorne,  Dr.  John,  trans- 
lator of  Plutarch,  account 
of,  iii.  132;  quotation  from  a 
poem    of,     134;    succeeds 


Smollett  as  editor  of  tlie 
Critical  Review,  233. 

Lansdowne,  Marquess  of,  r. 
Petty. 

Laud,  'Archbishop,  ii.  124. 

Lauder,  William,  notice  of,  ii. 
264. 

Laureate,  origin  of  the  office 
of,  i.  212 ;  by  whom  succes- 
sively filled,  ib. 

Leach,  Dryden,  printer,  ii.  30; 
his  taste  for  elegant  ])rint- 
ing,  ?6. :  eclipsed  by  Basker- 
villc  and  others,  ib. ;  taken 
into  custody,  31;  recovers 
damages,  ib. 

Led(jer,  The  Public,  a  news- 
paper edited  by  Kelly,  i.  60. 

Lennox,  Mrs.  Arabella,  notice 
of,  ii.  258. 

Lepel,  or  Le  Pell,  the  witty 
Mary,  man'ies  Lord  Hervey, 
iii.  243;  Lady  Caroline  Her- 
vey, her  youngest  daughter, 
244. 

Libel,  law  of,  ii.  328,  iii.  48. 

Lichfield,  Earl  of,  account  of, 
iii.  166. 

Livy,  his  style,  iii.  63. 

Lloyd,  Dr.  benevolently  as- 
sists Churchill,  i.  xxvii.; 
who  expresses  his  gratitude 
in  the  "  Conference,^''  ib. 

Lloyd,  Robert,  his  proficiency 
in  classical  and  polite  lite- 
rature, i.  XXV. ;  his  repug- 
nance to  the  situation  of 
usher,xxvi.  ;writes  \\\eActor, 
xxvii.;  his  dissipation,  ib.\ 
criticism  of  the  Actor,  xxx. ; 
Sheridan  borrows  from  it, 
xxxii. ;  is  confined  in  prison, 
and  supported  by  Chur- 
chill, xxxix.  158;  his  death, 
xli.;  lines  by,  in  praise  of 
Churchill,  Iv. ;  his  epitaph 
on  him,  Ixxxix.;  his  dis- 
claimer of  the  Rosciad,  i.  1; 
learned  without  pedantry, 
28;  account  of  him,  SO;  ri- 
dicules Mason's  Ode  to  Me- 


INDEX. 


345 


mory,  33;  Gan-ick's  letter 
to,  119, 131;  his  epigram  on 
Dr.  Peurce's  reprimand  of 
Churchill,  185;  author  of 
the  poem  called  "  The  Poe- 
try Professors,"  iii.  138;  in- 
gratitude of  Thornton  to, 
276 ;  dies  soon  after  Chur- 
chill, 278;  is  attended  in  his 
sickness  bv  the  sister  of 
Churchill,  lb. 

Loan  of  1763,  particulars  of, 
iii.  87. 

Lockman,  John,  account  of, 
iii.  82 ;  song  composed  by, 
114. 

London,  resolutions  against 
Lord  Holland  by  the  Livery 
of,  ii.  15;  ancient  abuses  in 
the  police  of,  274 ;  liberality 
of  the  merchants  of,  318; 
progressive  improvements 
of,  321,  322;  couplet  from 
3Iidas  on  the  Lord  Mayor 
of,  352 ;  city  procession  with 
the  address  hooted  by  the 
populace,  iii.  30;  the  Lord 
Majtir  and  Aldermen  invit- 
ed to  the  Coronation  dinner 
at  Wiiitehall,  return  un- 
pransi,  58,  65;  list  of  Lord 
Mayor  and  Corporation  in 
1761-2,  114. 

Long,  Dr.  Roger,  account  of, 
iii.  165. 

I>othario,  iii.  151,  153,  see 
Sandwich. 

Loughborough,  Lord,  account 
of,  i.  18. 

Love,  James,  account  of,  i. 
48,  49,  50. 

Lowth,  Bishop,  his  comment- 
ary on  the  book  of  Job, 
ii.  52. 

Lumley,  iii.  226. 

Lun,  see  Rich. 

Lunatics,  Lord  High  Chan- 
cellor's jurisdiction  over, 
iii.  280. 

Lyttelton,  Lord,  Churchill's 
harsh  censure  on  his  mono- 


dy on  his  wife,  i.  179;  his 
intimacy  with  Mr.  West, 
193;  Churchill's  portrait  of, 
iii.  264;  patronizes  Archi- 
bald Bower,  ib. ;  affectation 
of  his  style,  265. 

Macaulay,  Mr.  his  harsh  cen- 
sui-e  of  Boswell,  i.  Ixii.; 
his  joining  Kenrick  with 
Churchill,  ib.;  his  review 
of  the  life  of  Lord  Clive, 
iii.  157  ;  essay  on  Jlachia- 
velli,  182,  256;  observations 
on  Gray  and  Churchill,  297. 

MachiavelIi,Macaulay's  essay 
on  his  character  and  writ- 
ings, iii.  182. 

Macklin,  Charles,  account  of, 
i.  64,  66 ;  a  teacher  of  elocu- 
tion,ii.304;  his  lectures,323. 

Macpherson,  James,  account 
of,  i.  185;  Dr.  Johnson's 
letter  to,  186  ;  fabricates 
materials  for  his  Ossian,  to 
earn  subscriptions,  266. 

Madan,  Rev.  Martin,  notice 
of,  iii.  18. 

Mallet,  or  Malloch,  David,  ac- 
count of,  i.  187;  Dr.  John- 
son's estimate  of  him, 187-9 ; 
his  contemptible  poem  call- 
ed "  Truth  in  Rhvme,"  ii. 
317. 

MandeviUe,Sir  Jolin,an  amus- 
ing paper  on,  in  the  Tatler, 
ii.  76. 

Mansfield,  Lord,  i.  xlv. ;  his 
opinion  of  Wilkes,  Ixvi. ; 
his  interpretation  of  the  law 
of  libel,  ii.  328;  his  princi- 
ple of  judicial  decision,  iii. 
48;  his  original  predilection 
for  The  Pretender,  101, 104; 
was  calumniated,  116;  his 
high  merit  appreciated,  iJ). ; 
his  own  vindication  of  his 
condvfct,  117;  anecdote  of, 
268. 

Mansion  House,  account  of, 
ii.  322. 


346 


INDEX. 


March,  LorJ,  anccilotes  of,  re- 
specting his  absurd  wagers, 
iii.  183,  see  Queensburv. 

Margaret's,  St.  Church,  West- 
minster, account  of  tlic 
jiaintcd  whidow  designed 
tor  Henry  VII. 's  cliapcl, 
publisl'.ed  by  Dodsley,  ii. 
■J7t3 ;  ejiigram  on,  ih. ;  his- 
tory of  tlie  painted  winilow, 
iii.  78. 

Markliaiii,  Dr.,  notice  of,  i. 
l.\x. 

Marlborough,  Duke  of,  the  de- 
cline of  liis  faculties,  i.  251. 

Marriage  Act,  the,  passed  in 
1753,  iii.  239. 

Martin,  Samuel,  the  hero  of 
the  Duellist,  i.  230;  personal 
abuse  of,  in  the  North  Bri- 
ton, ii.  1 ;  menaces  the  au- 
thor before  the  House  of 
Commons,  ii.  2;  Wilkes's 
letter  avowing  himself  the 
author,  ib.  ;  Mr.  Martin's 
reply,  ib. ;  their  duel,  3 ;  re- 
conciliation at  Paris,  4,  63. 

Marvel,  Andrew,  notice  of.  ii. 
171;  anecdote  of  his  inde- 
pendence, 172 ;  Mason's  ele- 
gant tribute  to  his  disin- 
terested patriotism,  ib. 

Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  perse- 
cuted by  Cecil,  Lord  Bur- 
leigh, ii.  120. 

Mason,  Rev.  William,  his  Ode 
to  Memory  ridiculed  by 
Lloyd,  i.  33;  account  of, 
178  ;  his  love  of  allitera- 
tion, 180  ;  his  ti'ibute  to 
the  patriotism  of  Andrew 
Marvel,  ii.  172;  anecdote 
of,  174;  his  poem  entitled 
"  Isis,"  iii.  19;  his  charac- 
ter of  Hume,  805. 

Medea,  a  tragedy  by  Glover, 
account  of,  iii.  299. 

Medmenham,  or  Med'nam  Ab- 
bey, disgraceful  orgies  of 
the  inmates  of,  iii,  169;  in- 
scriptions in  the  interior  of. 


ib.  ;  indignant  reflections 
upon,  170;  motto  over  the 
entrance  of,  185. 

Mccr,  Cossim,  iii.  156. 

Mcer,  Jaflier,  ib. 

Melcombe,  Lord,  see  Dodding- 
ton. 

Mendez,  Moses,  his  mock  he- 
roic poem  called  the  Batliad, 
iii.  118;  assisted  by  White- 
head, ib. 

Messengers,  the  King's,  their 
conduct  in  the  execution  of 
general  warrants,  ii.  42. 

Midas,  extract  from,  ii.  352. 

Militia,  Westminster,  its  ori- 
gin, i.  61 ;  intrigues  of  the 
adventurer  M'Gregor  re- 
specting it,  62. 

Miller,  Joe,  author  of,  ii.  95. 

Milton,  John,  his  sentiments 
on  the  death  of  Charles  tlie 
First,  ii.  130. 

Monmouth,  rusticity  of  its  in- 
habitants, ii.  81. 

Jlontagu,  Lady  Mary  Wort- 
ley,  our  obligations  to,  iii. 
245,  252. 

Montagu,  see  Sandwich. 

Monthly  Review,  i.  118,  ii.  85 ; 
critique  on  "  The  Ghost," 
293,  iii.  283. 

Moody,  account  of,  i.  54,  55. 

Moore,  Rev.  Mr.  implicated  in 
the  Cock  Lane  conspiracy, 
ii.  216,  280;  ridiculed,  327. 

More,  ii.  87. 

Mossop,  Henry,  account  of,  i. 
87. 

Motley,  author  of  "  Joe  Mil- 
ler," ii.  95. 

Mourning  Bride,  a  tragedy  by 
Congreve,  extract  from,  and 
Johnson's  opinion  of,  i.  85. 

Murphy,  Arthur,  his  contemp- 
tible poem  of  the  "  Naiads 
of  the  Fleet  Ditch,"  i. 
XXX.;  account  of  him,  i. 
17;  his  connection  with  the 
Auditor,  and  blunder  com- 
mitted in  it,   56,   57  ;   his 


INDEX. 


347 


failure  as  an  actor,  59 ;  calls 
Churchill  and  his  friends 
the  Little,  Faction,  60,  75; 
his  method  of  getting  up 
his  plays,  131 ;  his  attack  on 
Churcliill,132 ;  his  "Grecian 
Daughter,"  imitated  from 
the  French  of  M.  Belloy, 
134 ;  his  dramas  of  the  vapid 
school  of  Whitehead,  ii.  296 ; 
his  plagiarisms,  iii.  304. 
Mylne,  Robert,  architect  of 
Blackfriars  Bridge,  iii.  62. 

Nassau,  house  of,  its  noble 
defence  of  religious  liberty 
against  the  bigotry  of  Philip 
II.  and  the  ambition  of 
Louis  XIV.  ii.  138. 

National  debt,  its  corrupting 
influence  in  elections  for 
members  of  Parliament,  i. 
8;  progressive  increase  of, 
iii.  158r 

Newcastle,  Duke  of,  account 
of,  ii.  347. 

Newfoundland,  capture  and 
recapture  of,  ii.  324. 

New  River,  i.  67. 

Newton,  Sir  Isaac,  ii.  264. 

Nicholas,  John,  his  life  of 
Hogarth,  i.  xxxvii. 

Nicholas,  John  Bowyer,  his 
edition  of  Hogartli's  auto- 
biography, i.  xxxvii. 

Niffht,  an  epistle  to  Robert 
Lloyd,  prefatory  note  to,  i. 
153. 

Nocttis  Atiicce  in  Ivy  Lane,  i. 
154. 

Norris,  11.,  account  of,  i.  51. 

K&rth  Briton,  The,  some  num- 
bers of  probably  written  by 
Churchill,  i.  lxxvii.,lxxviii., 
Ixxix. ;  published  jointly  by 
Churchill  and  Wilkes,  i.  57, 
191,  216,  217;  motto  to  No. 
XVII.  218;  ceases  to  appear, 
223;  recommences  with  the 
famous  No.  xlv.  which  is 
condemned  as  a  libel,  224 ; 


turnt  at  the  Royal  Ex- 
change, 225;  its  acrimony, 
ii.  1;  its  abuse  of  Mr.  Se- 
cretary Martin,  ib.;  long 
debate  upon  it,  ib. ;  anec- 
dote of  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
ii.  64;  the  celebrated  No. 
XLV.  given  at  length,  65- 
72 ;  anecdote  respecting  a 
new  series  of,  73 ;  Lord  Tal- 
bot ridiculed  in  No.  xii.  of, 
iii.  53. 

Northumberland,  Duchess  of, 
her  fashionable  and  literary 
parties,  ii.  268. 

Norton,  Sir  Fletcher,  account 
of,  i.  222 ;  his  character  de- 
picted, ii.  55;  iii.  101,  117. 

O'Brien,  WiUiam,  account  of, 
i.  46. 

Ogilvie,  John,  author  of  Pro 
vidence,  a  poem,  iii.  306 ;  ex- 
tract from,  807. 

Orrery,  Earl  of,  see  Boyle. 

Orford,  Earl  of,  see  Walpole. 

Oxford,  riot  at,  in  1747,  ii. 
188;  high  Tory  principles 
of  the  University,  iii.  19; 
predilections  of,  in  favour 
of  the  Stuarts,  123;  General 
Pepper  sent  there  with  a 
troop  of  horse,  ii. ;  epigrams 
on  the  occasion,  ib.  176; 
characters  of  the  Oxonian 
professors,  186. 

Ossian,  see  Macpherson. 

Packer,  account  of,  51. 

Palmer,  John,  account  of,  i.l3 ; 
Churchill's  amende  honor- 
able to  him,  139. 

Palmer,  Mrs.,  daughter  of  Mrs. 
Pritchard,  notice  of,  i.64,80. 

Pantine,  or  Pantini,  a  tiishion- 
able  pasteboard  plaything, 
invented  by  Mademoiselle 
Pantini,  a  mistress  of  Mar- 
shall Saxe,  iii.  80. 

Parliamentarv  proceedings  a- 
gainst  Wilkes,  i.  225. 


348 


INDEX. 


Parsons,  author  of  the  impos- 
ture of  the  Cock  Lane  Ghost, 
ii.  209. 

Patavium,  or  Padua,  aflfectcd 
style  of  its  ancient  inhabit- 
ants, iii.  63;  Livy  of  this 
scliool,«6.;  Quintilian's  crit- 
icism on  it,  iii.  6.3. 

Paterson,  an  active  Common 
Councilman  and  principal 
promoter  of  building  Black- 
friars  Bridge,  his  inscription 
for  it  ridiculed,  iii.  62. 

Patriots,  few  real,  ii.  37 ;  those 
few  have  been  ill  requited, 
ii. ;  Sir  Kobert  Walpole's 
definition  of,  iii.  134;  cha- 
racter of  Wilkes  as  one, 
in  Oirysal,  135. 

Pearce,  Dr.  Zachary,  repri- 
mands Churchill  for  writing 
satires  and  dressing  as  a 
layman,  i.  185;  extract  from 
a  satire  upon,  ii.  275;  an 
epigram  upon,  276 ;  contest 
respecting  the  painted  win- 
dow in  Saint  Margaret's 
chui-ch,  iii.  78. 

Pearson,  a  leading  charac- 
ter in  the  parish  of  St. 
Margarets,  Westminster,  iii. 
78. 

Peers,  extraordinaiy  creation 
of,  iii.  55. 

Pembroke,  Earl  of,  anecdotes 
of,  ii.  302. 

Petty,  William,  Earl  of  Shel- 
burne  and  Marquis  of  Lans- 
downe,  his  political  sobri- 
quet, ii.  203. 

Philippa,  Queen,  takes  David 
Bruce  prisoner  at  the  battle 
of  Neville's  Cross,  i.  206. 

Phillips,  Sir  John,  account  of, 
iii.  168. 

Physicians,  College  of,  War- 
wick Lane,  Newgate  Street, 
lines  upon,  from  Garth's 
Dispensary,  iii.  15. 

Pilgrim,  The,  by  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  i.  85. 


Pitt,William,Earl  of  Chatham 
quits  the  ministry  on  the 
question  of  a  >var  with 
Spain,  i.  170;  receives  an 
aimuity  for  life,  ib.  ;  his 
character  assailed,  ii. ;  ad- 
dresses to  him  from  several 
cities  and  towns,  171 ;  for- 
feits his  popularity  in  1766, 
ib. ;  accepts  a  peerage,  and 
as  Lord  Privj-  Seal,  controls 
the  measures  of  govern- 
ment, ib. ;  loses  the  friend- 
ship of  Lord  Temple,  ib. ; 
resigns  in  1768,  ib.;  is  recon- 
ciled to  LordTemple,  ib. ;  re- 
tires to  Hayes,  i6.;  Miltiades 
and  Ciraon,  the  heroes  of 
!Marathon,tlie  nearest  paral- 
lel with  the  two  Pitts,  172; 
endeavours  with  Earl  Tem- 
ple to  abolish  party,  208 ;  is 
thwarted  by  Lord  Bute's 
party,  ib.;  victories  obtained 
under  his  administration, 
209,  ii.  16 ;  proposes  to  go 
to  war  with  Spain,  308; 
known  as  "  the  Great  Com- 
moner," 309;  iii.  92;  char- 
acter of  him,  by  the  Earl  of 
Chesterfield,  93-5. 

Pitt,  Lady  Hester,  created 
baroness  Chatham,  170. 

Pomposo,  sobriquet  given  to 
Dr.  Johnson,  ii.  284. 

Ponton,  Daniel,  account  of, 
iii.  91. 

Pope,  Alexander,  Church- 
ill's lines  on,  i.  Ixxi;  criti- 
cisms on,  140-3 ;  an  admirer 
of  Sternhold's  version  of  the 
18th  Psalm,  144;  character 
of  him  and  of  his  poetry,  ii. 
156;  various  readings  of  his 
Jissatj  on  Man,  158 ;  substi- 
tutes Gibber's  name  for 
Theobald's  in  the  Dunciad, 
279;  his  tale  of  Lodona  and 
Pan  in  his  Wlndsoi-  Foresfy 
311 ;  his  testimony  to  Rich's 
excellence,  iii.  12;  his  lines 


INDEX. 


349 


on  Stowe,  143;  quotations 
from,  202,  258. 

Pope,  iliss,  account  of,  i.  72. 

Powell,  William,  a  pupil  of 
Garrick,  i.  38;  his  talents 
delineated,  iii.  131 ;  obser- 
vations on,  by  Garrick,  ib. ; 
Sterne's  Letter  on,  to  Gar- 
rick, 132 ;  Colman's  epitaph 
on,  180. 

Plato,  no  good  translation  of 
the  works  of,  iii.  196. 

Plaj'ers,  statute  against,  i.l33. 

Port  wine,  denounced  by  Dr. 
Armstrong,  iii.  309. 

Post-OfBce,  remarks  on  the, 
iii.  218;  Mr.  Allen's  reform 
of  the,  316. 

Potter,  Thomas,  M.  P.,  son  of 
the  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, i.  230;  his  dissolute 
life,  ib. ;  siipposed  to  have 
•wTitten  the  notes  toWilkes's 
Essay  on  Woman,  ii.  48 ;  iii. 
322. 

Pratt,  Charles,  Earl  Camden, 
notice  of,  i.  239;  liberates 
Wilkes,  240  ;  his  opinion 
on  the  warrant  for  seizing 
Wilkes's  papers,  ii.  82;  his 
constitutional  interference 
on  AVilkes's  committal  to 
the  Tower,  42. 

Pretender,  the  Old,  his  birth- 
day and  cognizance,  ii.  94. 

Printers,  actions  brought  by 
them  against  the  messen- 
gers acting  under  the  gene- 
ral warrant  for  seizing  the 
authors,  &c.  of  the  North 
Briton,  ii.  30. 

Prior,  Matthew,  quotation  on 
the  bliss  of  ignorance,  iii.  27. 

Pritchard,  Mrs.,  account  of,  i. 
82,  83,  86;  iii.  179. 

Pri\ilege  of  ParUament,  a- 
buses  of,  iii.  216. 

Prophecy  of  Famine,  The,  i. 
173. 

Providence,a,  poem  by  Ogilvie, 
criticized,  iii.  306. 


Pmdence,  definition  of,  i.  168. 
PvliUc  Leflijer,  The,  edited  by 
Kelly,  iii.  00. 

Queensbury,  Duke  of,  quota- 
tion from  Lucan  on  his 
vices,  iii.  151;  his  unre- 
strained debauchery,  184; 
see  March. 

Quin,  .James,  account  of  i. 
92,  93;  epigram  on,  bj'  Sir 
C.  H.  Williams,  100;  by 
Hogarth,  101  ;  his  corres- 
pondence with  Rich,  101, 
102;  anecdotes  of,  and  epi- 
grams upon,  iii.  230;  Smol 
lett's  portrait  of,  in  BuTn- 
phrey  Clinher,  ib.  ;  plays 
Lycomedes  in  Achilles,  237. 

Quintilian,  iii.  63. 

Ealeigh,  Sir  Walter,  sacrificed 
to  the  resentment  of  the 
Spanish  court,  under  the 
plea  of  his  having  been  an 
accomplice  in  the  pretend- 
ed conspiracv  of  Arabella 
Stuart,  ii.  122,  123. 

Ralph  James,  account  of,  ii. 
201. 

Ramsay,  Allan,  father  and  son, 
account  of,  i.  182. 

Rational,  the,  the  breastplate 
of  the  High-priest  of  the 
Jews,  iii.  97. 

Rebellion,  of  1745,  allusion  to 
the,  i.  167,  181;  Home's 
history  of,  184;  quelled  at 
the  battle  of  Culloden,  201, 
207. 

Record  in  .  the  prosecution 
against  Wilkes  altered  by 
Lord  Mansfield,  iii.  268; 
epigram  on,  269. 

Recusants,  at  Cambridge,  iii. 
161. 

Reeves,  Dr.,  physician,  iii.  16. 

Reform  Bill,  The,  bribery  not 
diminished  by,  i.  8;  nor 
character  of  members  im- 
proved by,  ib. 


350 


INDEX. 


Resignation  of  the  Whig  Lords 
in  1752,  ii.  29. 

Reynolds,  Sir  Joslma,  his 
name  coupled,  by  Walpole, 
with  tliat  of  Kamsay,  i.  183 ; 
his  enduring  fame,  252. 

Rich,  .John,  manager  of  Covent 
Garden  tiieatre,  i.  68;  his 
letter  to  Quin,  i.  101;  his 
excellence  in  pantomime, 
iii.  11. 

Robinson,  Sir  Thomas,  Bart., 
represents  the  Duke  of  Nor- 
mandy at  the  coronation  of 
George  III.,  humorous  an- 
ecdotes of,  iii.  56-7. 

Rolt,  Richard,  an  unprincipled 
hack  writer,  account  of,  i.  67. 

Romanoff,  complaints  fatal  to 
the  imperial  house  of,  ii.  8. 

Romans,  their  mode  of  can- 
vass for  ofSce,  i.  7. 

Roquet,  M.,  tlie  enamel  paint- 
er, praises  the  talents  of 
Ramsay,  i.  183. 

Rosciad,  The,  prefatory  note 
to,  i.  1 ;  the  Poem,  5 ;  list 
and  account  of  publications 
occasioned  by,  iii.  111-114. 

Koscius,  Quintus,  account  of, 
i.  5,  8;  compared  with  Gar- 
rick  and  Baron,  148. 

Ross,  David,  account  of,  i.  64. 

Kosslyn,  Earl  of,  see  Lough- 
borough. 

Rough.  Mr.  Serjeant,  his  me- 
moir prefixed  to  the  letters 
of  Wilkes,  i.  Ixxii. 

Roundheads,  alleged  custom 
of  the,  ii.  94. 

Sackville,  Lord  George,  his 
conduct  at  the  battle  of 
Minden,  ii.  234;  tried  by 
courtmartial,  and  dismissed 
the  service,  ib. ;  restored  to 
his  honours  under  George 
in.  235;  sarcasm  upon,  by 
Mr.  Pitt,  236. 

Sandwich,  Lord,  account  of, 
ii.  101;  his  political  sobri- 


quet, 203;  contest  for  the 
High-stewardship  of  Cam- 
bridge, iii.  123;  epigram 
upon,  124;  sketch  of  his 
character,  ib.;  insulted  by 
the  Cambridge  students, 
12G;  anecdotes  of,  14G,  152. 

Savoy,  The,  and  old  Somerset 
liouse,  ancient  royal  resi- 
dences, iii.  60. 

Sav,  Editor  of  the  Gazetteer, 
ii.  241. 

Schomberg,  Dr.  Isaac,  notice 
of,  iii.  17 ;  assists  j\Iendez  in 
writing  the  Battiad,  118. 

School  for  Lovers,  a  drama  bv 
Whitehead  criticized,  iii. 
301. 

Scotland,  defence  of,  in  a  poem 
entitled  "  Genius  and  Val- 
our, a  Scotch  pastoral,"  i. 
175;  a  scurrilous  attack 
upon,  entitled  "  Gisbal," 
179;  Cleveland's  couplet  on, 
204;  her  ancient  alliance 
with  France,  206 ;  battle  of 
Neville's  Cross,  ib. ;  David 
Bruce  taken  prisoner,  ib. ; 
devotion  of,  to  tlie  cause  of 
the  Stuarts,  207 ;  Dr.  Duke's 
lines  on,  208;  universities 
of,  iii.  163. 

Scot,  Miss,  her  marriage  with 
Churchill,  i.  xx. 

Scottish  Universities,  Dr. 
Johnson's  character  of,  iii. 
163. 

Scripture  phrases,  Churchill 
censured  for  the  frequent 
use  of,  ii.  85. 

Seeker,  archbishop  of  Canter- 
burj',  account  of,  ii.  346. 

Second  sight.  Dr.  Johnson's 
sentiments  on,  ii.  229. 

Sellon,  Rev.  William,  his  in- 
gi-atitude  towards  his  school- 
tellows,  Churchill  &  Lloyd, 
i.  158 ;  sermon  preached  by 
him,  a  plagiarism,  ii.  329. ' 

Sermons  of  Churchill,  Dr. 
Kippis's  critique  on,  iii.  318. 


INDEX. 


351 


Shakspeare,  his  superiority 
to  the  ancient  tragedians,  i. 
29,  31 ;  character  of  him  in 
Johnson's  prologue,  31;  and 
in  the  Rosciad,  32;  his  in- 
vocation to  Sleep,  ii.  147. 

Shaw,  Cuthbert,  his  character 
of  Hamilton  in  "  The  Race," 
i.  123;  his  lines  on  Dodsley's 
Cleone,  ill.  299. 

Shebbeare,  Dr.  John,  account 
of,  ii.  182;  Beardmore's 
conduct  as  under-sheriff', 
towards,  iii.  60. 

Shelburne,  Earl  of,  see  Petty. 

Sheridan,  R.  B.,  borrows  lines 
from  the  poem  of  "  The 
Actor,"  i.  xxxi;  his  mono- 
dy on  Garrick,  extract  from, 
i.  4. 

Sheridan,  Thomas,  notice  of, 
and  advertisement  of  his 
lectures,  i.  66;  account  of; 
102,  103;  a  teacher  of  elo- 
cution, ii.  304;  his  gesticu- 
lation ridiculed,  iii.  80;  re- 
cites Dryden's  ode  for  his 
benefit,  iO. 

Ship-money,  opinion  of  Judg- 
es as  to  legality  of,  ii.  127. 

Shuter,  Edward,  account  of,  i. 
9-13. 

Sidney,  Al<jernon,  ii.  18 ;  letter 
quoted  from  his  memoirs, 
129;  his  opinion  on  the  just- 
ice of  the  execution  of 
Charles  I.  ii.  129. 

Siege  of  AquiUia,  a  tragedy  by 
Horne,  anecdote  relating  to, 
iii.  306. 

Sigismunda,  contrast  between 
Hogarth's  and  Dryden's  de- 
scriptions of,  i.  243. 

Sign-post  exhibition,  account 
of,  ii.  305. 

Simpson,  Thomas,  his  plan  for 
building  Blackfriars  Bridge, 
iii.  62. 

Smallpox,  introduction  of  in- 
oculation for,  by  Lady  JI. 
Montagu,  iii.  244. 


Smart,  Christopher,  singular 
engagement  entered  into  by 
him,  i.  67. 

Smith,  Dr.  Robert,  author  of 
"Harmonics,"  account  of, 
iii.  104. 

Smith,  gentleman,  account  of, 
i.  63. 

Smollett,  Dr.,  editor  of  the 
Critical  Review,  i.  118,  124; 
his  attack  on  Voltaire,  124; 
account  of,  127,  131;  his 
strictures  on  Admiral 
Knowles's  pamphlet,  138; 
fined  and  imprisoned,  139; 
encouraged  by  Lord  Bute 
to  publish  "The  Briton," 
191,  ii.  173;  no  stated  pen- 
sion for  writing  The  Briton, 
180. 

Society  for  the  encouragement 
of  arts,  manufactures,  and 
commerce,  vindicated,  ii. 
304. 

Somerset  House,  the  ancient 
residence  of  the  Queens  of 
England,  iii.  60. 

Sophocles,  i.  27;  compared 
with  Shakspeare,  29. 

Southey,  his  observations  on 
Cowper  and  Churchill,  i. 
lix.;  his  note  on  Colman 
and  Lloyd's  burlesque  odes, 
Ixxx. 

South  wark  fair  abolished,  i.ll. 

Sovereigns,  English,  since  the 
Conquest,  poetical  list  of,  ii. 
139. 

Spain  characterized  as  a  na- 
tion, iii.  223. 

Sparks,  Luke,  accoiint  of,  i. 
62,  63. 

Squires,  Mary,  a  gypsy,  ac- 
count of,  ii.  222;'  arrested 
on  suspicion  of  ill-treating 
the  impostor  E.  Canning, 
247;  examined  at  the  Man- 
sion House,  ib. ;  the  Egyp- 
tian Hall,  so  called  from  this 
examination,  ib. ;  her  inno 
cence  established,  248. 


352 


INDEX. 


St.  John's,  Westminster,  in- 
habitiints  of,  censured  by 
Churchill,  iii.  78. 

St.  Bride's  bells  muffled,  on 
the  passing  of  the  city  pro- 
cession with  the  address  to 
the  King,  on  the  peace  of 
1763,  iii.  30. 

Statesmen,  inconsistencies  of, 
ii.  200. 

Steele,  Sir  Richard,  his  mental 
infirmities,  i.  251. 

Sterne,  Dr.  Lawrence,  liis 
plagiarisms,  i.  15. 

Sternhold,  Thomas,  stanzas 
of  his  version  of  the  18th 
psalm,  admired  by  Pope,  i. 
144. 

Stock-Exchange,  tlie  twin- 
monsters  of,  iii.  80;  origin- 
ally Jonathan's  Cotfee 
House,  114. 

Stone,  iii.  235. 

Stowe,  Pope's  lines  on,  iii.  143. 

Stratfoi'd,  Earl  of,  his  influence 
over  Charles  I.  i.  124. 

Stuarts,  the  devotion  of  the 
Scotch  to  the  cause  of,  i. 
207;  extinction  of  their  line 
in  1807,  ib. ;  character  of,  in 
the  second  book  of  Gotham, 
ii.  75;  the  Tories  their 
stanch  friends  to  the  last, 
iii.  41. 

Sullivan,  Mr.,  a  leading  man 
in  opposition  to  Lord  Clive, 
in  the  East  India  Company, 
iii.  157. 

Sumner,  Rev.  Dr.  Humphry, 
iii.  165. 

Swift,  Dean,  insanity  of,  i.  251. 

Talbot,  Earl,  clamour  against, 
ii.  12;  allusion  to  his  duel 
with  Wilkes,  101;  his  eco- 
nomical regulations  in  the 
royal  kitchen,  232;  Wilkes's 
humorous  account  of  the 
duel,  250;  his  quarrel  with 
Earl  Temple,  255;  his 
equestrian  etiquette  at  the 


coronation  ridiculed,  iii.  53; 
his  silly  conduct  at  Bagshot, 
82;  Burke's  humorous  ob- 
servations, 83. 

Tangier,  abandoned  by 
Charles  H.  ii.  135.  . 

Taylor,  the  Chevalier  John,  a 
quack  oculist,  iii.  23;  Dr. 
Johnson's  opinion  of,  24. 

Taylor,  John,  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, many  years  editor 
of  the  Sun  evening  paper, 
iii.  24;  a  punster  and  poet, 
ih. ;  author  of  the  humorous 
/cm  d' esprit  of  Monsieur 
Tonson,  106;  Lord  Byron's 
letter  to,  id. 

Taylor,  Thomas,  the  Platonist, 
his  rhapsodies,  iii.  196. 

Temple,  Earl,  supports  Mr. 
Pitt  in  advising  a  war  with 
Spain,  and  with  him  retires 
from  the  ministry,  i.  170; 
in  1766,  declines  to  coope- 
rate with  his  noble  brother- 
in-law,  Lord  Chatham,  171; 
but  reconciled  to  him  in 
1768,  ib. ;  tries  to  abolish 
party  spirit,  208,  ii.  29;  his 
public  spirit  31;  supports 
the  illegally  arrested  print- 
ers daring  their  prosecu- 
tions, ib. ;  Wilkes's  letter  to 
from  Bagshot,  250-4;  his 
quarrel  with  Lord  Talbot, 
255 ;  joins  Mr.  Pitt  in  pro- 
posing a  war  with  Spain, 
308;  Pope's  lines  on  his 
seat  at  Stowe,  iii.  143 ;  his 
vindication  of  the  liberty  of 
the  press,  291. 

Temple,  the,  iii.  61. 

Templars,  the,  epigrams  on 
their  armorial  ensigns,  iii. 
111. 

Thomson,  the  poet,  his  adu- 
lation of  Doddington,  ii. 
190. 

Thornton,  Bomiell,  his  neglect 
of  Lloyd  when  in  distress,  i. 
158;  his  burlesque  ode  on 


INDEX. 


353 


St.  Cecilia's  day,  performed 
at  Runelagh  to  ancient  Bri- 
tish music,  ii.  82 ;  ridicules 
the  Society  of  Arts,  306; 
his  burlesque  catalogue, 
307;  his  sign-post  exhibi- 
tion, iii.  81 ;  his  ingratitude 
to  Lloyd,  276. 

Times,  The,  a  political  print, 
i.  217. 

Times,  The,  a  satire  on  the 
profligacy  of,  iii.  212;  se- 
verely censured,  261. 

Tcrrm  Filiits,  by  Colman, 
extract  from,  relating  to 
Churchill,  iii.  186. 

Thespis,  a  poem  by  Hugh 
Kelly,  in  imitation  of  the 
RoEciad,  i.  14. 

Toft,  Mary,  her  singular  im- 
posture, ii.  243;  Whiston's 
credulity  respecting,  ib. ; 
confesses  the  fraud,  ib.; 
Mr.  St.  Andr^,  an  eminent 
surgeon,  lends  himself  to 
the  delusion,  245;  his  re- 
cantation, a. ;  appetite  of 
the  public  for  the  marvel- 
lous, 255. 

Tooke,  Home,  his  pamphlet 
entitled  "  Two  Pair  of  Por- 
traits," ii.  16;  his  acrimo- 
nious correspondence  with 
Wilkes,  iii.  144. 

Tooke,  Eev.  William,  extract 
from  his  life  of  the  Empress 
Catherine  H.  of  Russia,  iii. 
254. 

Tooke,  Mr.,  refers  in  his  Ifis- 
tory  of  Prices  to  the  pros- 
perity of  England  during 
the  reign  of  George  H.  ii. 
97. 

Tower,  the,  called  by  the  par- 
tisans of  Wilkes  the  Bastile, 
ii.  42. 

Transportation  of  convicts, 
first  inflicted  by  statute  39 
Eliz.,  ii.  79. 

Tulips,  mania  for  at  Haerlem, 
ii.  86;  extends  to  England, 

VOL.    III. 


88;      lines    on,    from   Dr. 
Young's  Love  of  Fame,  ib. 
Tyers,    Jonathan,    proprietor 
of  Vauxhall,  employs  Hay- 
man,  the  painter,  ii.  93. 

Universities,  see  Oxford  and 
Cambridge,  Mr.  Locke,  and 
Bishop  Hoadley's  opinion 
of  them,  iii.  177;  Scottish, 
Dr.  Johnson's  observation? 
on,  iii.  163. 

Vaughan,  Thomas,  a  friend 
of  Murphy,  i.  60. 

Victoria,  Queen,  her  corona- 
tion, iii.  9. 

Villiers,  see  Buckingham. 

Vincent,  Mrs.,  account  of,  i. 
73,  76. 

Voltaire,  Smollett's  censure 
of  his  writings,  i.  124; 
character  of,  125 ;  his  com- 

Sarison  between  Pope  and 
'rj'den,  142;  an  emanation 
from  the  Father  of  lies,  177 ; 
his  Henriade  more  vera- 
cious than  his  prose  histo- 
ries, 289;  a  very  unsafe 
guide,  and  not  entitled  to 
credence,  ib. 
Volunteers,  armed  for  the  de- 
fence of  the  countrj',  ii.  316. 

Wager  lines  on  a  foolish,i.  xliii. 

Wales,  George,  Prince  of,  an- 
ecdote of,  li.  64. 

Wales,  Princess  Dowager  of, 
see  Augusta. 

Waller,  his  poetry  character- 
ized, i.  141. 

Walpole,  Horace,  extract  from 
his  letter  to  Lord  Hertford, 
i.  xxxix. ;  another  in  praise 
of  Churchill's  Duellist,  xli. ; 
another  from  his  letter  to 
Conway,  xliv. ;  his  mistaken 
estimate  of  Garrick,  109; 
his  malevolence  towards 
the  princess  dowager  of 
Wales,  ii.  97;  and  Lord 
23 


354 


INDEX. 


Bute,  105;  his  random  ol)- 
servations  on  ClmiTliill, 
178;  liis  remarks  on  Wilkes, 
200;  on  parliaments,  iii. 
107;  on  Kitty  Hunter's 
elopement,  112;  on  the  Cock 
Lane  Ghost,  120;  on  the 
funeral  of  George  11.  121; 
on  Wilkes,  136;  on  Dr.  IIc- 
berden,  175;  on  the  ]\Iar- 
riage  bill,  239 ;  on  Dr.  Dodd, 
241;  Wilkes's  visit  to  liim 
at  Paris,  325. 
Warburton,  Bishop,  notice  of, 
ii.  43 ;  Dr.  Johnson's  opinion 
of,  45;  his  Enghsh  compo- 
sition of  the  highest  order, 
46 ;  saying  of  Bishop  Berke- 
ley, respecting,  48 ;  his  self- 
sufficiency,  49 ;  abuses  Con- 
canen,  ib. ;  letter  to  Dr.  Hurd 
on  his  first  acquaintance 
with  that  writer,  50 ;  his  let- 
ter to  Concanen  found  by 
Gawen  Knight,  51;  asso- 
ciated with  Theobald  and 
Concanen  in  the  attack  on 
Pope,  ib.;  his  notes  on 
Shakspeare  censured  by 
Edwards,  51;  attacks  Ed- 
wards, 52;  Boswell's  anec- 
dote of,  53;  Churchill's 
satire  on  him  injurious  to 
the  cause  of  virtue,  54 ;  his 
death,  55 ;  his  cliaracter  of 
Charles  I.  131;  defends 
Pope's  Essay  on  Jia?i,  158; 
assists  his  wife's  uncle,  Mr. 
Allen,  in  his  correspondence 
with  Lord  Chatham,  iii.  57 ; 
his  unfriendly  disparage- 
ment of  Garrick,  129;  his 
animadversions  on  the  Earl 
of  Orrery,  138;  letter  by, 
on  Walpole  and  Churchill, 
179,  312;  his  notes  scorned 
by  Churchill,  314,  315 ;  ty- 
ranny of,  321 ;  his  complaint 
against  Wilkes  in  the  House 
of  Lords,  322. 
arton,  Dr.  Joseph,  immo- 


lates Churchill  at  the  shrine 
of  Gray,  i.  Ivi. ;  his  tribute 
to  the  memory  of  Gannck,  i. 
152. 

Ward,  Dr.  Joshua,  account  of, 
iii.  13. 

Warton,  Thomas,  succeeds 
Whitehead,  as  poet-laure- 
ate, i.  195;  origui  of  the 
office,  212;  his  "Triumph 
of  Isis,"  written  in  answer 
to  Mason's  Elegy,  iii.  19. 

Webb,  Philip  Carteret,  M.  P., 
account  ot,  i.  230 ;  tried  for 
perjury,  ib. ;  his  contribu- 
tions to  the  Society  of  An- 
tiquaries, 231;  sale  of  his 
collections,  232 ;  Horace 
Walpole' s  slander  of  him, 
ib. ;  iii.  207. 

Wedderburn,  Alexander,  see 
Loughborough. 

Weslev,  John,  account  of,  i. 
225.' 

West,  Gilbert,  his  intimacy 
with  Mr.  Pitt  and  Lord  Lyt- 
telton,  i.  193. 

Westminster,  origin  of  its  mili- 
tia, i.  61;  act  for  the  better 
lighting  of,  iii.  37 ;  new  Ses- 
sions-house, of  the  goose- 
pie  order  of  architecture, 
38. 

Whales,  in  the  Thames,  of 
monstrous  dimensions,  ii. 
242. 

Wharton,  Philip,  Duke  of,  his 
titles  to  unenviable  distinc- 
tion, ii.  59;  figures  in  Ho- 
garth's "  St.  James's  Day," 
95. 

Whiffle,  iii.  34. 

Whitehead,  William,  account 
of,  i.  194;  origin  of  the 
Laureateship,  212,  ii.  90 ;  his 
vapid  dramatic  productions, 
296;  his  ridiculous  airs  as 
Laureate,  298 ;  character  of 
his  plays,  300;  iii.  301. 

Whitehead,  Paul,  his  exag- 
gerated patriotism  and  apos- 


IXDEX. 


355 


tasj',  ii.  201 ;  his  vices  recom- 
mend hira  to  Sir  Francis 
Dashwood,  21)7 ;  assists  Men- 
dez  in  writing  the  Battiad, 
iii.  118;  his  poems,  275. 

Whiston,  Rev.  William,  trans- 
lator of  Josephus,  his  cre- 
duhty  regardino;  tlie  impos- 
ture of  Mary  Tofts,  ii.  243. 

Whitfield.  George,  account  of, 
ii.  224. ' 

Wildmau,  a  wine  merchant, 
bi'other-in-law  of  Home 
Tooke,  a  political  society 
established  at  his  tavern  in 
Albemarle  street,  iii.  143; 
anecdotes  of,  144. 

Wilkes,  Lord  Brougham's  in- 
vective aminst,  i.  Ixv. ; 
sportively  in\'ites  Junius  to 
a  banquet  at  the  Mansion 
House,  Ixvi.;  Lord  Mans- 
field's opinion  of,  ib.;  Dr. 
-Johnson's  testimony  to  the 
qualities  of,  ib. ;  his  episto- 
lary mtercourse,  ib. ;  his  cor- 
rect editions  of  Catullus  and 
Theophrastus,  ib. ;  letter  of 
Warren  Hastings  to,  Ixvii. ; 
Churchill's  lines  under  a 
print  of,  Ixxxi. ;  his  letters 
relative  to  an  intended  edi- 
tion of  Churchill,  Ixxxv.;  his 
opinion  of  Pope  and  Dry- 
den,lxxxvi.;  publishes  joint- 
ly with  Churchill  the  first 
number  of  the  North  Briton, 
57,  191;  his  prediction  re- 
specting the  "  Prophecy  of 
Famine,"  173;  Churchill's 
letter  to  him  on  the  same 
poem,  ii.  210,  214,  215,  216, 
217;  arrested  and  sent  to 
the  Tower,  223-4;  his  pre- 
sence of  mind,  225 ;  expelled 
the  House  of  Commons,  225 ; 
returned  a  fifth  time  for 
Middlesex,  226 ;  chosen 
Lord  Mayor,  ib. ;  release 
of,  by  Lord  Camden,  240; 
is  menaced   by   Secretary 


Martin  as  the  author  of  the 
North  Briton,  ii.  2;  avows 
himself  the  author,  «6. ;  chal- 
lenged by  Mr.  Martin,  ib.; 
their  duel  in  Hyde  Park,  3 ; 
his  card  to  Dr.  Heberden,  5 ; 
his  humorous  letter  to  Dr. 
Brocklesby,  5,  17 ;  his  pri- 
vate printing  press,  30;  base 
use  of  it,  ib. ;  recovers  da- 
mages for  the  seizure  of  his 
papers,  32 ;  his  letter  to  the 
Earls  of  Egremont  and 
Halifax,  34 ;  commences  an 
action  against  Lord  Hali- 
fax, 35;  obtains  damages, 
ib.;  the  immense  expenses 
incuiTcd  on  this  occasion  by 
the  crown,  36;  challenged 
at  Paris  by  a  Scotch  captain 
in  the  French  sei-vice,  40; 
Alexander  Dun,  found  in 
his  house,  supposed  with 
the  intent  to  assassinate 
him,  41;  is  committed  to 
the  Tower,  42;  Churchill's 
lines  engi-aved  on  a  cup  pre- 
sented to,  125 ;  his  remarks 
on  the  death  of  Charles  I. 
129 ;  attacked  by  Dr.  John- 
son in  "  The  False  Alarm," 
179;  his  angry  reply,  180; 
his  answer  to  Kidgell's  pam- 
phlet, 189;  his  patriotism 
assumed,  120 ;  his  tergiver- 
sation, ib. ;  anecdote  on  his 
squinting,  201 ;  his  duel  with 
Lord  Talbot,  and  humorous 
lettfer,  250 ;  ridicules  John- 
son's diction  and  Diction- 
aiy,  270;  ridicules  Lord 
Talbot  in  the  A^orih  Briton, 
iii.  53 ;  his  playful  descrip- 
tion of  West  Wycombe 
Church,  108 ;  his  character 
in  Oirysal,  135;  what  we 
are  indebted  to  him  for,  136 ; 
Horace  Walpole's  remarks 
on,  ib. ;  his  humorous  letter 
to  Garrick,  during  his  exile, 
137 ;  Burke's  quotation  from 


556 


INDEX. 


Horace  on  his  return,  ii. ; 
acrimonious  correspond- 
ence with  Home  Toolie, 
144;  Lord  Sandwich's  con- 
duct to,  stigmatized,  152; 
writes  to  Dr.  Burton,  1G2; 
his  censure  of  Blackstonc, 
176 ;  his  observations  on  the 
Oxonian  professors,  18(5 ; 
his  epigram  on  Lord  Mans- 
field, 269 ;  his  thirst  for  ce- 
lebrity, 270;  shared  by  the 
Roman  satirists,  ib. ;  his  con- 
test with  government  found- 
ed on  interest,  293 ;  the  po- 
etical part  of  the  Essay  on 
Woman  written,  322;  only 
twelve  copies  of  it  printed, 
ib.;  copies  stolen  by  the 
workmen,  ib. ;  is  prosecuted, 
and  retires  to  France,  325 ; 
visits  Horace  Walpole  there, 
ib. 

Wilkes,  Miss,  account  of,  i. 
Ixxii. 

Wilks,  K.,  his  excellence  in 
the  part  of  Sir  Hany  Wild- 
air,  i.  41,  51,  52. 

Wilkinson,  Tate,  i.  12;  ac- 
count of,  13;  extract  from 
the  Diary  of,  46. 

Willes,  Dr.  Edward,  Bishop 
of  Bath  and  Wells,  account 
of,  iii.  279. 

WilUam  IH.  King,  i.  209 ;  de- 
parture (in  this  country) 
from  his  protestant  policy, 
ii.  138. 

William  IV.,  King,  his  coro- 
nation, iii.  9. 

Williams,  Sir  Charles  Han- 
bury,  his  epigram  on  Quin, 
i.  100. 

Winchester  school,  iii.  162. 


Winckelmann,Abbt?,  presents 
Wilkes  with  an  antique  ala- 
baster urn,  i.  1. ;  the  inscrip- 
tion on,  li. 

Window,  painted,  in  St.  Mar- 
garet's church,  iii.  78. 

Window  Tax,  in  1762,  humor- 
ous couplet  upon,  i.  167. 

Windsor  rai-k,  lines  writtcu 
in,  attributed  to  Churchill, 
iii.  327. 

Wingate,  an  eminent  mathe- 
matician of  the  17th  centu- 
ly,  iii.  273,  276. 

Woffington,  Mrs.,  her  excel- 
lence in  the  part  of  Sir 
Harry  Wildair,  i.  41. 

Woodward,  H.,  i.  22,  41,  46. 

Wray,  Daniel,  his  poetical  list 
of  the  sovereigns  of  Eng- 
land, ii.  139. 

Wycombe,  West,  church  built 
by  Lord  Le  Despenser,  ii. 
101. 

Wyndham,  Miss  Bab.,  remits 
£1000  to  the  King  of  Prus- 
sia, i.  165. 

Wyndham,  Penruddocke,  edi- 
tor of  Bubb  Doddington's 
Diary,  iii.  109. 

Wyndham,  Charles,  see  Egre- 
mont. 

Yates,  Richard,  his  rencontre 
with  Churchill,  i.  3;  ac- 
count of,  10,  40. 

Yates,  Mrs.  Anna  Maria,  ac- 
count of,  i.  76,  77;  selects 
Glover's  jl/ec?ea  for  her  bene- 
fit, iii.  298. 

York,  Cardinal,  death  of,  i. 
207. 

Young,  Dr.,  his  adulation  of 
Walpole,  ii.  190. 


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